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humanitaruli da socialuri mecnierebebi THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo da

samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba

ela kusiani

aRmosavleT evropis universitetis doqtoranti

Sesavali.
evrokavSirSi integraciis gzaze myofi saqarTvelosaTvis metad
mniSvnelovania adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis gamoyenebis
gaZliereba da erovnuli kanonmdeblobisa da sasamarTlo praqtikis
evropul standartebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvana. Kkonkretul SemTxveva-
Si gamovyof 1950 wlis 4 noemberis adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad
TavisuflebaTa dacvis konvenciiT (SemdgomSi evro konvencia) garanti-
rebul samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas, romelsac gaaCnia fun-
damenturi mniSvneloba demokratiul sazogadoebaSi. evrokonvenciis me-
6 muxlis dacvis obieqts warmoadgens kanonis uzenaesobis principi,
romelsac emyareba mTlianad sazogadoeba.1 aRniSnuli muxliT
garantirebuli uflebebia: sasamarTlos xelmisawvdomoba, procesis
sajarooba, procesis gonivruli vada, damoukidebeli da miukerZo-
ebeli sasamarTlo, samarTliani procesi, rac Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs
SejibrebiTobisa da mxareTa Tanasworobis princips da sxva.
saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris dadebuli asocirebis
xelSekrulebis me-4 muxliT gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos mier Sida
saxelwifoebrivi reformis gatarebis valdebuleba, romelic
demokratiuli institutebis da kanonis uzenaesobis stabilurobisa da
efeqtianobis gamyarebas da gazrdas unda daedos safuZvlad. Ggarda
amisa, xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebulia adamianis uflebaTa da
fundamentur TavisuflebaTa pativiscema, samarTlebrivi reformebis
gatarebis valdebuleba sasamarTlos damoukideblobisa da misi
administraciuli SesaZleblobis gaZlierebis, samarTaldamcav
organoTa miukerZoeblobisa da efeqtianobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.2
asocirebis xelSekrulebis me-13 muxli gansazRvravs kanonis
uzenaesobisa da adamianis uflebaTa da fundamentur TavisuflebaTa
pativiscemis valdebulebas. igi saqarTvelos aZlevs rekomendacias
xeli Seuwyos Tavisuflebis, usafrTxoebis da marTlmsajulebis sfe-
roSi kanonis uzenaesobas, maT Soris sasamarTlos damoukideblobas,

1 grozevi i., vitkauskasi d., levis-entoni s., (mT. red.), samarTliani sasamarTlo
ganxilvis ufleba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis Tanaxmad (me-6 muxli),
saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisTvis, momzadebulia Ria sazogadoebis institutis
mxardaWeriT, Tbilisi 2008, gv. 8.
2 xelSekrulebis me-4 muxli.

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marTlmsajulebis xelmisawvdomobasa da samarTliani sasamarTlos

uflebaze muSaobas, evrokavSirTan samarTaldamcav da marTlmsaju-
lebis marTvis sferoebSi moqmedi institutebis efeqtian funqcioni-
rebasTan dakavSirebiT TanamSromlobas.1
bolo wlebSi saqarTveloSi mimdinare marTlmsajulebis reforma
Tavis TavSi moicavs saqarTveloSi iseTi demokratiuli institutis
damkvidrebasa da Semdgom ganviTarebas, rogoricaa nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlo.
saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos moqmedeba konstitu-
ciuri normiTaa ganmtkicebuli: saerTo sasamarTloebSi saqmeebs
nafici msajulebi ganixilaven kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi da
dadgenili wesiT.2
nafic msajulTa instituti ar modis winaaRmdegobaSi evro
konvenciasTan, Tumca aucilebelia imgvari regulirebis arseboba, rom
konvenciis me-6 muxliT miniWebuli uflebis SezRudva ar moxdes
adamianebisTvis.3
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo ar ganixileba, rogorc samarTliani
sasamarTlos umTavresi aspeqti sisxlis samarTlebrivi bralis gansaz-
Rvrisas me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtis Sesabamisad,4 miuxedavad amisa,
aRiarebulia, rom SesaZloa igi mniSvnelovani komponenti iyos sisxlis
samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi samarTliani sasamarTlos
uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT, radganac es xels Seuwyobs mikerZoebis
riskis aRmofxvras maSin rodesac profesionali mosamarTle
gansazRvravs rogorc piris braleulobas, aseve mtkicebulebebis
misaRebobas.5
istoriulad „magna karta“ (1215) ganamtkicebda doqtrinas nafic
msajulTa sasamarTlos Sesaxeb. „aravin SeiZleba iqnes dakavebuli an
dapatimrebuli... uflebeb an qonebaCamorTmeuli... TanasworTa mier
miRebuli kanonieri gadawyvetilebis gareSe...“ aRniSnuli dogma
efuZneba fundamentur mosazrebas, rom ufro samarTliania iyo

1 TumaniSvili g., jiSkariani b., Srami e., evropuli da saerTaSoriso samarTlis

zegavlena qarTul sisxlis saproceso samarTalze, gamomcemloba meridiani, Tb., 2019,
gv. 257.
2 saqarTvelos konstituciis axali redaqcia 59-e muxlis me-3 punqti (23/03/2018
redaqcia).
3
tabataZe g., motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis ufleba, Jur. sakonstitucio samarTlis
mimoxilva, 2016, gv. 32.
4 ix. X and Y v. Ireland (dec.), no. 8299/78, 1980 წლის 10 ოქტომბერი, Callaghan and Others v. United

Kingdom (dec.), no. 14739/89, 1989 wlis 9 maisi, McLoughlin v. Ireland (dec.), no. 15967/90, 1992
wlis 6 ivlisi, Malone v. United Kingdom (dec.), no. 25290/94, 1996 wlis 28 Tebervali, McMullen
v. Ireland (dec.), no. 25353/94, 1996 wlis 28 Tebervali, Klimenteyev v. Russia (dec.), no. 46503/99,
2002 wlis 17 Tebervali.
5
makbraidi j., saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTloebis muSaobis sruli
Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa evropul standartebTan, Tb., 2017 wlis ivnisi, gv. 10.

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gansjili TanasworTa mier, vidre mosamarTlem gadawyvitos Seni saqme.

es ki aris imis gamoZaxili, rom marTlmsajulebis sistema unda iyos
rac SeiZleba gamWvirvale da samarTliani.1
saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos evropuli konvenciis
moTxovnebTan Sesabamisobis kuTxiT, arsebobs rigi gamowvevebi,
romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi unda daiZlios aRniSnuli institutis
reformirebis gziT, vinaidan nafic msajulTa sistemis warmateba Tu
warumatebloba saqarTveloSi damokidebuli iqneba imaze Tu rogor
Seewyoba is Cveni qveynis marTlmsajulebis Rirebulebebs. Aam mxriv ki
metad mniSvnelovania sazogadoebis aqtiuri mxardaWera am
procesisadmi.2
winamdebare statiis farglebSi Sevecdebi nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlos qarTuli modeli ganvixilo samarTliani sasamarTlos
uflebis konteqstSi. kerZod, vimsjelo iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa:
gonivrul vadaSi saqmis ganxilvis ufleba, nafic msajulTa verdiqtis
Sesabamisoba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis dasabuTebulobis princip-
Tan, dacvis ufleba, sasamarTlos damoukidebloba da miukerZoebloba,
nafic msajulTa dacva gareSe zegavlenisagan. statia aseve moicavs
qarTveli praqtikosi advokatebis mosazrebebs nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlosTan dakavSirebiT arsebul problemebze. Mmokled Sevexebi
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos rols moqalaqeobrivi pasuxismgeblobis
gaRviZebisa da samoqalaqo CarTulobis xelSewyobaSi.
statiis bolos gamoTqmuli iqneba garkveuli rekomendaciebi,
saqarTveloSi moqmedi nafic msajulTa institutis evropul
standartebTan daaxloebis uzrunvelsayofad.

1. nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos qarTuli modelis Sesabamisoba

evropul standartebTan.
evropis sabWos wevr qveynebSi nafic msajulTa institutis bevri
sxvadasxva modeli arsebobs. Nnafic msajulTa sasamarTlo
mravalgvari formiT arsebobs sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi da asaxavs
TiToeuli qveynis istorias, tradiciasa da samarTlebriv kulturas.3
evropis sabWos wevri qveynebi SeiZleba sam kategoriad davyoT:
qveynebi, romelTac nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos raime modeli an
zogadad, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi msajulT amonawileobis
sistema ar aqvT; qveynebi, romlebic gamoiyeneben TanamSromlobis
models, kerZod, rodesac sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze profesional
mosamarTleebTan erTad msajulebic TaTbiroben; da mesame kategoria,

1
Mavrantonis George C., JURY SYSTEM IN MODERN RATIONAL LAW: IS THE JURY SYSTEM AN
ABSURD INSTITUTION WHOSE ONLY CLAIM TO LEGITIMACY AFTER ALL, IS ITS ARCHAIC
ROOT? Gray’s Inn Student Law Journal, VOLUME VIII, Association of Gray’s Inn Students LONDON· 2016,
p. 2.
2
meiSvili z., (red.) nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo, warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis mokle
istoria, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo, Tb., 2012, gv. 7.
3
Taxquet v. Belgium [GC],) #926/05,ECHR 2010, §83.

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romelmac sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze arCevani nafic msajulTa

„tradiciuli“ modelis sasargeblod gaakeTa.1
evropis sabWos wevrma aTma qveyanam arCevani nafic msajulTa
tradiciuli sasamarTlo sistemis sasargeblod gaakeTa, kerZod:
avstria, belgia, saqarTvelo, irlandia, malta, norvegia (mxolod
rTul saqmeebSi saapelacio instanciis doneze), ruseTis federacia,
espaneTi, Sveicaria (Jenevis kantoni), 2011wlis 1 ianvramde, da
gaerTianebuli samefo (inglisi, uelsi, Sotlandia da CrdiloeT
irlandia).2
evro sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom evropis sabWos ramdenime wevri
saxelmwifo iyenebs araprofesional nafic msajulTa sistemas, isini
xelmZRvaneloben legitimuri surviliT, CarTon moqalaqeebi
marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi, gansakuTrebiT, Tu saqme exeba
gansakuTrebiT mZime samarTaldarRvevebs. sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi
nafic msajulTa sistemis gansxvavebuli formati gamoiyeneba. maT
Soris gansxvaveba SeiZleba mdgomareobdes nafici msajulebis
gansxvavebul raodenobaSi, moTxovnil kvalifikaciaSi, maTi daniSvnis
meTodebsa da maTi gadawyvetilebebis gasaCivrebis gansxvavebul
formatSi. aRniSnuli warmoadgens evropaSi arsebuli samarTlebrivi
sistemebis mravalferovnebis erT-erTi magaliTs da maTi
standartizacia sasamarTlos amocanas ar warmoadgens. saxelmwifos
mier konkretuli sisxlis samarTlebrivi sistemis arCeva aris
principi, romelic ar ganekuTvneba evropuli sasamarTlos
zedamxedvelobis sferos, igi iTvaliswinebs, rom arCeuli sistema ar
unda ewinaaRmdegebodes konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul principebs.3
im principebis dasacavad, rasac saerTaSoriso marTlmsajuleba
amkvidrebs, mxolod ekonomikuri da politikuri faqtorebis arseboba
rodi kmara. imisaTvis, rom erovnul samarTalSi realurad moxdes am
Rirebulebebis implementacia da isini marTlmsajulebis ganxorcie-
lebis upirobo moTxovnebad Camoyalibdnen, aucilebelia maTi
gajereba da Sesisxlxorceba ara mxolod xelisuflebis romelime
ganStoebaSi an romelime jgufSi, aramed mTlianad sazogadoebaSi.
sazogadoebis maRali samarTlebrivi kultura, udavod SeiZleba
miviCnioT noyier niadagad am moTxovnaTa miRebisa da
damkvidbebisaTvis. 4

1
Taxquet v. Belgium [GC],) #926/05,ECHR 2010, §44.
2
Taxquet v. Belgium [GC],) #926/05,ECHR 2010, §47.
3
Achour v. France [GC], № 67335/01, § 51, ECHR 2006-IV.
4
kelenjeriZe i., saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi principebi marTlmsajulebis
ganxorcielebis konteqstSi (verifikacia, implementacia, efeqtianoba), disertacia,
Tb., 2015, gv. 26.

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1.1. advokatTa Sefasebebi saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa

institutis problemebze.
sainteresoa im praqtikosi advokatebis azri, romelTac hqoniaT
nafic msajulTa winaSe gamosvlis gamocdileba, Tu ra problemebze
miuTiTeben isini, romelic arsebobs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo
sistemaSi. qvemoT moviyvan citirebebs qarTvel advokatTa
interviuebidan, romelic Sedga Cems mier Catarebuli mcire kvlevis
farglebSi (kvleva Cavatare 2019 wlis dekemberi - 2020 wlis ianvris
SualedSi; gamoviyene gamokiTxvis meTodi, Cems mier Sedgenili
specialuri kiTxvaris meSveobiT movaxdine 9 advokatis werilobiTi
gamokiTxva. Aadvokatebi SevarCie nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos kuTxiT
maTi gamocdilebis mixedviT. gamokiTxulTa Soris 2 advokati
moRvaweobs quTaisSi, xolo 7 - TbilisSi):
„Cveni sazogadoeba ar aris mzad nafic msajulTa sasamar-
TlosaTvis. Cveni sazogadoeba arc Segnebis, arc ganaTlebis doniT da
arc emociurad mzad ar aris imisaTvis, rom maT miiRon verdiqti
adamianis braleulobasTan dakavSirebiT. qarTuli sazogadoeba Zalin
martivad eqceva sainformacio saSualebebis gavlenis qveS Tundac
informacias avrcelebdes braldebis mxare. Cven sazogadoebas uWirs
saWiro dros dasvas saWiro kiTxvebi. sadac gardacvlilia da
dakavebuli, iq miaCniaT, rom swored braldebulia damnaSave. mTavaria
damnaSavis skamze naxon vinme da amiT Sevsebulia maTi moTxovnileba.
kavkasieli xalxi zogadad aris Zalian emociuri, emocias Zalavs saR
azrs.“1
„nafic msajulTa instituti unda iyos momzadebuli. ra
igulisxmeba momzadebaSi: aq ar aris saubari iuridiul ganaTlebaze,
aramed nafic msajulad monawileobis kulturaze. xalxze, romelic
mzad aris amisaTvis da gadawyvetilebas iReben samarTlianobis
principidan gamomdinare. Tumca saqarTveloSi gadawyvetilebis
miRebisas TiTqmis yovelTvis ixrebian gulmowyalebisaken da ara
samarTlianobis dadgenisaken. Aamitom nafic msajulTa sasamarTlom
garkveuli etapebi unda gaiaros damkvidrebis gzaze.“2
„aravis ar unda iyos nafici msajuli, zogs dro ar aqvs, zogs
ezareba da sxv. interesi ar aqvT nafici msajulobis, ar aris
finansuri daintereseba. Aaris TviTSegnebis, Rirebulebebis problema.
ar aqvT survili sxvisi saqme gadawyviton, ver acnobiereben, rom
Tavisi qveynisTvis iReben gadawyvetilebas. Yyvela Taviseburad
cdilobs gaakeTos TviTacileba.“3
„nafici msajulebi mtkicebulebebs afaseben mxolod vizualurad.
mag., aris gvami ekranze. aRniSnuli ukve uaryofiTad moqmedebs saqmeze.
SemTxvevis adgilze gadaRebul suraTs, sisxlian iaraRs gacilebiT
didi gavlena aqvT msajulebze, vidre advokatis saubars. Eeqspertis

1 piradi interviu advokat i.b. -sTan, 2019 wlis dekemberi.

2
piradi interviu advokat p.g.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari.
3
piradi interviu advokat a.k.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari.

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daskvnebs ver igeben. mag., eqspertma Tqva, rom biologiuri masala,

anabeWdebi ar amosula danaSaulis iaraRidan, es iwvevs msajulis
dabneulobas, ver wyveten gagonili ufro mniSvnelovania Tu
specialistis daskvna. yofila SemTxveva, rom eqspertis naTqvami
saerTod ar gauziarebiaT.“1
„nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo aris Zalian saintereso da
mniSvnelovani instituti, magram Cevni sazogadoeba ar aris mzad
amisaTvis, radgan xSirad eqceva xolme gavlenis qveS. Nnafici
msajulebi ar arian orientirebuli konkretul saqmeze, ar eyrdnobian
mtkicebulebebs, radgan ar ician ra aris mtkicebuleba – pirdapiri an
iribi, modian winaswari ganwyobebiT, iqeqebian internetSi, eqcevian
mediis zegavlenis qveS. Tumca, vfiqrob, rom es instituti Tu
ganviTarda es misasalmebeli iqneba.“2
„saqarTvelos dRevandeli mdgomareobidan gamomdinare nafic
msajulTa sasamarTloSi adamianis beds wyvets erTi-ori adamiani,
romelTa gavlenis qveSac eqcevian danarCeni msajulebi. saqarTveloSi
nafici msajulebi eqcevian mediis gavlenis qveS, aseve calkeuli
individebis gavlenis qveS. Kkanoni erTia, romelic ukrZalavs
msajulebs saqmeze saubars, magram meorea realoba.“3
zogierTi advokati aseve gamoTqvams gulistkivils imis gamo, rom
saqarTvelos jer imis saSualebac ara qvs, rom nafic msajulTa
institutis realuri uzrunvelyofa moaxdinos. “roca msajuli
dajdeba saqmis mosasmenad is ar unda fiqrobdes imaze misma Svilma ra
Wamos. Cemi neba rom iyos, TiToeul nafic msajuls, romelic saqmeze
SeirCeoda mivcemdi 1000 lars anazRaurebas erT saqmeSi monawile-
obisaTvis. Ees maT motivacias aumaRlebda. mTeli saxelmwifo programa
unda iyos CarTuli propagandis saxiT imaSi, rom sazogadoebam gaigos
ra aris nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo. Uanda gafarTovdes nafic
msajulTa gansjadoba. nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos aqtiuri
amoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi sazogadoebas aRar eqneba gancda, rom
mikerZoebulia sasamarTlo. verdiqts daadgenen sazogadoebis wevrebi
da ara mosamarTle.“4
miuxedavad imisa, rom nafic msajulT ainstituts 10 wliani
istoria aqvs saqarTveloSi, rogorc vxedavT qarTveli advokatebis
nawili, maT Soris isinic, romelTac nafic msajulTa sasamarTlosTan
Sexeba hqoniaT bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi, uTiTeben imaze, rom
qarTuli sazogadoeba jer kidev ar aris mzad nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlosaTvis da aRniSnuli institutis saqarTveloSi dasanergad
kidev didi samuSaoa Casatarebeli. Mmxolod ucxo kanonmdeblobis
gadmokopireba da gadmoqarTuleba ar aris sakmarisi piroba imisaTvis,
rom axalma institutma fesvi gaidgas qarTul marTlmsajulebaSi da

1 piradi interviu advokat i.b.-sTan, 2010 wlis dekemberi.

2
piradi interviu advokat a.k.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari.
3
piradi interviu advokat p.g.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari.
4
piradi interviu advokat a.k.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari.

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qarTuli samarTlebrivi sistemis nawili gaxdes. saWiroa sazogadoebis

marTlSegnebisa da samarTlebrivi kulturis amaRleba.
garda zemoaRniSnuli problemebisa aseve mwvaved dgas nafic
msajulTa monawileobiT saqmeTa ganxilvis vadebis sakiTxi. rogorc
advokatebi aRniSnaven msajulebis SerCevas xSir SemTxvevebSi miaqvs
ramdenime Tve, rac saqmis gonivrul vadaSi ganxilvis principTan
SesaZloa modiodes winaaRmdegobaSi. aRniSnul sakiTxs ufro vrclad
Sevexebi momdevno TavSi.
praqtikosi advokatebi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos erT-erT
problemad asaxeleben imasac, rom qarTveli nafici msajulebi
advilad eqcevian mediis, prokuraturis da Tundac sxva nafici
msajulis gavlenis qveS. Aamitom aq metad mniSvnelovania Tavad
SerCevis procesi, romlis drosac unda moxdes swored aseTi meryevi
bunebis mqone kandidatebis gacxrilva. rac Tavis mxriv damokidebulia
mxareTa profesionalizmsa da unar-Cvevebze – droulad gamoavlinon
isini da moaxdinon maTi acileba.
aseve sayuradRebo sakiTxia is, rom samarTaldarRvevebi, romelTa
ganxilvis drosac saqarTveloSi xelmisawvdomia nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlo, moicavs sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis samive
kategorias,1kerZod, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT
gaTvaliswinebul naklebad mZime, mZime da gansakuTrebiT mZime katego-
riis danaSaulebs. Tumca, maTi umetesoba ganekuTvneba ukanasknel or
kategorias.2 zogierTi advokati3 Tvlis, rom nebismier pirs unda
hqondes ufleba misi sisxlis samarTlis saqme ganixilos nafic
msajulTa sasamarTlom da aRniSnuli institutis gansjadobis
Semofargvla mxolod 16 muxliT garkveulwilad aris
diskriminaciuli (amavdroulad arakonstituciuri) im pirebis mimarT,
romelTac bralad edebaT sxva danaSaulis Cadena. aRsaniSnavia isic,
rom zogierTi advokatis azriT, samoxeleo danaSauli unda iyos
mxolod nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos gansjadi, radgan saxelmwifo
moxeleebi angariSvaldebulni arian sazogadoebis winaSe da maT saqmes
unda ganixilavdnen sazogadoebis wevrebi.
nafic msajulTa gansjadobasTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa
sxvadasxva qveynebis midgoma: ama Tu im qveyanaSi nafic msajulTa
gansjadoba SesaZlebelia ganisazRvros mosalodneli sasjelis zomis
mixedviT (aSS, kanada) an danaSaulTa tipis mixedviT (espaneTi, ruseTi).
Tumca SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnas erTdroulad orive kriteriumi.
mag., nafic msajulTa gansjadoba farToa aSS-Si. Bbraldebuls ufleba
aqvs misi saqme naficma msajulebma ganixilon Tu mas sasjelad
emuqreba minimum 6 TviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa; belgiaSi nafic

1 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, 09/10/2009 redaqcia, 226-e

muxlis 1-li punqti.
2
makbraidi j., saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTloebis muSaobis sruli
Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa evropul standartebTan, Tb., 2017 wlis ivnisi, gv. 52.
3
piradi interviu advokat p.g.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari.

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msajulTa gansjadoba moicavs qmedebebs, romelic isjeba 20 welze

meti xniT Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT. qveynebis didi nawili Sualedur
pozicias ikavebs am or ukiduresobas Soris. mag., kanadaSi nebismieri
piri, romelsac bralad edeba danaSaulis Cadena, romelic isjeba 5
wliT an meti vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT sargeblobs nafic
msajulTa sasamarTlos uflebiT; irlandiis konstitucia nafic
msajulTa gansjadobidan gamoricxavs „mciremniSvnelovan danaSau-
lebs“, specialuri sasamarTlos gansjad da samxedro danaSaulebs.
mciremniSvnelovan danaSaulTa kategoriaSi sasamarTloebi moiazreben
danaSaulebs, romelic isjeba 2 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT.1
mimaCnia, rom yvela mciremniSvnelobis mqone danaSaulze im
uzarmazari resursis xarjva, rasac nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo hqvia,
ar iqneba gamarTlebuli, Tumca veTanxmebi mosazrebas, rom
saqarTveloSi unda gaizardos ssk-is im muxlebis CamonaTvali,
romelsac nafici msajulebi ganixilaven oRond im oqros Sualedis
dacviT, romelic uzrunvelyofs nafic msajulTa sasamarTloze
braldebulis uflebis dacvasac da aseve, sasamarTlo sistemas
miscems saSualebas momzadebuli daxvdes saqmeTa gazrdili
raodenobiT ganxilvas.
advokatebi2 aseve aRniSnaven, rom sasaurvelia sasamarTlo
moxeleebi, romlebsac kiTxvari miaqvT kandidatebisaTvis iyvnen ufro
kvalificiurni. swori instruqtaJi miscen kandidatebs. dResdReobiT
saqarTvelos sasamarTloebSi ar arseboben moxeleebi, romlebic
marto nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos sakiTxebze muSaoben. sasamar-
Tlos sxvadasxva specialistebs SeTavsebuli aqvT es funqcia. aqac
saWiroa, rom saxelmwifom ufro meti resursi gamoyos nafic
msajulTa institutis damkvidreba-ganviTarebisaTvis.
sainteresoa aseve saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa
damoukideblobisa da miukerZoeblobasTan dakavSirebiT qarTveli
advokatebis azri. moviyvan citirebas maTi interviuebidan:
„rogorc wesi, roca nafici msajulebi ganixilaven saqmes
miukerZoebloba ufro metadaa daculi. qarTuli marTlmsajuleba
axla idgams fexs. sasamarTlo sistemaSi arsebobs ara erTi problema.
Tumca nafici msajulebis mxares vawydebiT im dabrkolebas, rom isini
gamudmebiT sazogadoebis zegavlenis qveS eqcevian. Aase rom,
problemebi arsebobs, rogorc mosamarTlis, ise nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlos mxares. Aam ori ukiduresobidan mainc vamjobineb nafic
msajulebs, radgan vTvli, isini ufro gulwrfelebi arian. roca
gulwrfelia adamiani da mas esaubrebi Seni emociiT, Seni faqtebiT
ufro adekvaturad igebs Sens saTqmels, ase mimaCnia. Nnafic
msajulebTan muSaobisas ar aris sakmarisi mxolod Teoriuli da

1 wiqariSvili k., iorhendi l., nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo (dasavluri sistemebis

mimoxilva), Tb., 2012, gv. 19.
2
piradi interviu advokat p.g.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari.

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praqtikuli codna, aucilebelia saadvokato unar-Cvevebi. Nnafici

msajulebis winaSe advokatis profesias umateb kidev sasceno
profesias. Ddemonstraciulad unda moaxdino Seni yoveli sityvis,
azris warmoTqma, rom msajulamde miitano Seni saTqmeli. Tormetives
saTiTaod unda esaubro da auxsna, misce saSualeba, rom analizi
gaakeTos.“1
„upiratesobas vaniWeb nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos, vinaidan
dReis mdgomareobiT saqarTveloSi sasamarTlo miukerZoebloba da
obieqturoba dabali xarisxisaa.“2
„sasamarTloebSi dRes arsebuli situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT
umetes SemTxvevaSi vamjobinebdi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos – ufro
meti garantiaa kanoniT ganszaRvruli standartebiT obieqturi
gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis. Aam etapze nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo
ufro metad samarTliani, damoukidebeli, miukerZoebuli da sandoa
vidre arsebuli sasamarTlos sistema principul saqmeebTan
dakavSirebiT.“ 3
rogorc vxedavT, qarTveli advokatebis nawili mosamarTlesa da
nafic msajulebs Soris arCevans nafic msajulebze akeTebs da amis
argumentad mohyavT qarTul sasamarTlo sistemaSi arsebuli xarvezebi.
dRevandeli situaciidan gamomdinare gacilebiT meti ndoba aqvT 12
msajulis vidre erTi mosamarTlis, Tumca imasac aRiareben, rom
problemebi orive mxares arsebobs.

1.2. sazogadoebis damokidebuleba nafic msajulTa

institutisadmi.
mimaCnia, rom winamdebare statiis farglebSi saintereso iqneba
Sevexo saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa institutis Sesaxeb
sazogadoebis damokidebulebas, ris gasaanalizebladac movaxden
ramdenime kvlevis Sedarebas. erT-erTi Catarebulia nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlos SemoRebamde - 2007 wels, meore - 2011 wels, xolo mesame
da meoTxe - 2017 wels.
2007 wels saqarTvelos dedaqalaqsa da sam regionul centrSi:
quTaisSi, zugdidSi, TelavSi Catarebulma gamokiTxvam aCvena Semdegi:
respondentTa umravlesobas: 62.2%-s smenia nafic msajulTa institutis
Sesaxeb; informaciis ZiriTad wyaroebs televizia, mxatvruli filmebi
da mxatvruli literatura warmoadgens; informacia nafic msajulTa
institutis Sesaxeb xSir SemTxvevaSi, konkretul codnas moklebuli-
zogadi xasiaTisaa; ikveTeba skeptikuri damokidebuleba sazogadoebis
mzaobis mimarT reformisadmi: ”yvelam ar icis nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlos Sesaxeb”, ”zogisTvis miuRebelia,” zogi Tvlis, rom am
procesebs sazogadoebis arasamarTlebrivi mentaliteti SeuSlis xels;

1 piradi interviu advokat a.k.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari.

2
piradi interviu advokat d.s.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari.
3
piradi interviu advokat g.g.-Tan, 2020 wlis ianvari.

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nafic msajulTa institutis Sesaxeb informirebulobis zogadi

xasiaTis fonze, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom respondentTa dadebiT
ganwyobas mniSvnelovanwilad sasamarTlo sistemis mimarT
gamovlenili kritikuli ganwyoba ganapirobebda. 1
evraziis TanamSromlobis fondis daxmarebiT 2011 wlis maisSi
mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT Catarda moqalaqeebis gamokiTxva nafic
msajulTa sasamarTlos Sesaxeb. (aqve aRvniSnav, rom nafic msajulTa
pirveli sxdoma Catarda 2011 wlis noemberSi). kiTxvaze: „icodnen Tu
ara teritoriulad sad moqmedebda nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo -
mTels saqarTveloSi Tu mxolod TbilisSi“ - gamokiTxulTa 52%-is
pasuxi iyo -„ar vici,“ kiTxvaze: „ras Seuwyobda xels nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlos SemoReba“ - gamokiTxulTa 45%-is pasuxi iyo - „ar vici.“
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos irgvliv saxelmwifos mier
ganxorcielebuli sainformacio kampaniis miuxedavad, yoveli meore
gamokiTxuli saqmis yurSi ar iyo aRniSnuli institutis Sesaxeb.
moqalaqeTa aseTi dabali informirebuloba SeiZleba aixsnas Semdegi
faqtorebiT: socialur-ekonomikuri problemebi – adamianebi ZiriTadad
orientirebulni arian Tavis gadarCenaze; mosaxleobis ganwyoba, rom
rac ar unda moimoqmedon arsebul situacias mainc ver Secvlian;
sabWoTa azrovnebis gadmonaSTi – moqalaqeebs surT saxelmwifom
aiRos pasuxismgebloba yvelaferze, maT Soris marTlmsajulebis
ganxorcielebazec.2
2017 wels SemTxveviTi SerCevis principiT gamokiTxul iqna 1000
respodenti Tbilissa da or regionul centrSi - quTaisi, baTumi.
respodentTa umravlesobas (78%) smenia nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos
Sesaxeb da informaciis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens televizia,
mxatvruli filmebi, internet sivrce da profesiuli literatura;
informacia nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos Sesaxeb zogadi xasiaTisaa,
romelic konkretul codnas moklebulia; nafic msajulTa institutis
upiratesobebisa da naklovanebebis Sesaxeb gakeTebuli Sefasebebi
xSirad argumentirebuli ar aris. Aaqedan gamomdinare, sazogadoebis
mzaoba nafic msajulebis sasamarTlos funqcionirebaSi CarTulobis
mxriv ar aris. sazogadoebis erTi nawilis dadebiTi damokidebuleba
nafic msajulTa insitutis mimarT ganpirobebulia dRevandeli
sasamarTlo sistemisadmi undoblobiT da ukmayofilebiT.3

1 nafic msajulTa institutis mimarT sazogadoebis informirebuloba da

damokidebuleba Tb., 2007, kvleva momzadda proeqtis “sasamarTlos xelisuflebis
mxardaWera” farglebSi, romelsac axorcielebs gaeros ganviTarebis programa
(UNDP) saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlosTan TanamSromlobiT.
2 nafic msajulTa instituti saqarTveloSi, avtorTa jgufi, fondi Ria sazogadoeba
saqarTvelo, Tb., 2013.
3 nafic msajulTa instituti (Taviseburebani da problemebi), avtorTa koleqtivi,
kavkasiis saerTaSoriso universiteti, saerTaSoriso kvleviTi instituti,
gamomcemloba “universali”, Tb., 2017.

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aseve 2017 wels Catarebuli sxva kvlevis1Tanaxmad, kiTxvaze: „me

rom braldebuli viyo, varCevdi, rom gamasamarTlon naficma
msajulebma“ – gamokiTxulTa xmebi ase gadanawilda: 32% diax, 15% ara,
53% arvici.
kiTxvaze: „SemoTavazebis SemTxvevaSi, mzad var viyo nafici
msajuli“- pasuxebia: 28% diax, 35% ara, 38% arvici.
kidev erT kiTxvaze: „nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo
amarTlebs/gaamarTlebs, radgan is msoflios mraval qveyanaSia
aprobirebuli“ – pasuxebi Semdegnairad gadanawilda: 40% diax, 8%ara,
52% arvici.
rogorc vxedavT 2007 wlidan moyolebuli bolo wlebamde
Catarebuli sxvadasxva kvlevebis Sedegi didad gansxvavebuli ar aris.
sazogadoeba kvlav saWiroebs zusti da adekvaturi informaciis
miwodebas nafic msajulTa institutis Sesaxeb da nafic msajulad
msaxurebis mzaobac xalxSi naklebia.

1.3. Nnafic msajulTa sasamarTlo samarTliani sasamarTlos

uflebis WrilSi.
1.3.1. nafic msajulTa institutis erT-erTi gamowveva samarTliani
sasamarTlos principebTan Sesabamisobis kuTxiT aris nafic msajulTa
mier saqmeTa ganxivis vadebi. rogorc qarTveli praqtikosi advokatebi
xSirad uTiTeben interviuebSi nafic msajulTa mxolod SerCevis
process miaqvs daaxloebiT 3 Tve. Catarebuli kvlevebi cxadyofs, rom
yofila SemTxveva, roca nafic msajulTa SerCevas dasWirvebia 4-5 Tve
da zogjer ufro metic.2
msajulTa SerCevis process mosdevs saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis
etapi, romelic daaxlebiT gZeldeba 3 kviradan 1 Tvemde. Mmisi
xangrZlivoba damokidebulia braldebisa da dacvis mxaris mier
warmodgenili da gamosakvlevi mtkicebulebebis moculobaze.
saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa mier saqmis aragonivrul vadebSi
ganxilvis problemasTan dakavSirebiT aRsaniSnavia giorgi oqropiriZis
saqme, romelzec msajulTa saboloo verdiqtis gamotanas dasWirda
daaxloebiT 15 Tve. 2014 wlis 12 seqtembers moqalaqe g.o.–s brali
wauyenes ssk 109–e muxlis me–3 nawilis „e“ qvepunqtiTa (ganzrax
mkvleloba araerTgzis) da 236–e muxlis 1–li da me–2 nawilebiT
(cecxlsasroli iaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZena, Senaxva da tareba)
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis CadenaSi. Nnafic msajulTa pirveli
Semadgenlobis mier 2015 wlis 5 ivniss verdiqtis gamotana ver
moxerxda, ris gamoc saqme gansaxilvelad gadaeca nafic msajulTa
axal Semadgenlobas. 2015 wlis 25 dekembers nafic msajulTa meore

1
adamianis uflebebi da marTlmsajuleba saqarTveloSisazogadoebis damokidebuleba
da informirebuloba, kvlevis angariSi momzadebulia „eisiTis“ mier evrokavSirisa
(EU) da gaeros ganviTarebis programis (UNDP) mxardaWeriT, 2017.
2 saqarTveloSi sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobisa da praqtikis kvlevebis
krebuli, Tb., 2015, gv. 44.

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Semadgenlobam g.o. gaamarTla cecxlsasroli iaraRis

marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZena–Senaxvasa da tarebaSi, xolo damnaSaved
scno ganzrax mkvlelobis CadenaSi.1
iuridiul literaturaSi vkiTxulobT, rom saqmis warmoebis
daCqarebis uflebas aqvs ormagi mniSvneloba: erTi mxriv, igi
emsaxureba „samarTlebrivi simSvidis” Cqar damyarebas, aseve
sasamarTlo warmoebis sandoobisa da efeqtianobis uzrunvelyofas.2
evrosasamarTlo ganmartavs, rom samarTalwarmoebis ganxilvis
vadis gonivruloba unda Sefasdes saqmis garemoebebidan gamomdinare
da mxedvelobaSi unda iqnas miRebuli sasamarTlos precedentuli
samarTliT damkvidrebuli standartebi, kerZod ki, saqmis kompleqsu-
roba da momCivnisa da Sesabamisi organoebis moqmedebebi.3
samarTalwarmoebis kompleqsuroba gulisxmobs saqmeSi arsebul
mowmeTa raodenobas, bralis seriozulobasa da danaSaulis simZimes.
adamianis uflebaTa precedentuli samarTlis mixedviT,
sasamarTlo ar gansazRvravs gonivrul vadas, aramed yovel
konkretul saqmeSi faqtobrivi garemoebebis, samarTlebrivi sirTulis,
momCivanis qcevisa da saxelmwifo organoebis qmdebebis gaTvaliswi-
nebiT afasebs saqmis ganxilvis xangrZlovobis gonivrulobas.4
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom samarTalwarmoebis xangrZlivoba, romelsac
saerTo jamSi sam welze naklebi dasWirda, zogadad gonivrulad
miiCneva da saCivars msgavs saqmeebTan mimarTebiT evrosasamarTlo
dauSveblad cnobs, rogorc ,,aSkarad usafuZvlos’’ da amdenad
dauSvebels.5
miuxedavad imisa, rom sssk-is 261-e muxlis me-6 nawili
iTvaliswinebs nafic msajulTa axali Semadgenlobis mowvevis
SesaZleblobas im SemTxvevaSi Tu pirvel Semadgenlobas ar Seswevs
unari miiRos gadawyvetileba, aRniSnuli ki mniSvnelovnad
axangrZlivebs process, mimaCnia, rom aRniSnuli norma ar modis
winaaRmdegobaSi saqmis „gonivrul vadaSi“ ganxilvis principTan,
vinaidan msajulTa mier saqmis ganxilvis vadebis gonivruloba unda
Sefasdes mravali faqtoris erTobiobaSi gaTvaliswinebiT. swrafi
ganxlva ar unda xdebodes xarisxis xarjze. mTavaria dadgindes, rom
adgili ar hqonia dausabuTebel gaWianurebasa da umoqmedobis periods.
Tumca udavoa, rom saqarTveloSi msajulTa SerCevis procedura
namdvilad saWiroebs daxvewas. (msajulTa SerCevis problema da misi
gadaWris gzebi calke kvlevis sagans warmoadgens -ix. Cemi statia –

1 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi 2016, gv. 836.

2
konstituciis komentari” ,,konstitucionalizmis kvlevisa da xelSewyobis
regionaluri centri“, Tbilisi, 2013 w. gv. 537.
3
Grishin v. Russia, #14807/08, ECHR 2012,§170.
4
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi 2015, gv. 642.
5
Tryumbach v Ukraine, No. 44385/02, 12 January 2012 2 (2 weli da 1 Tve); J.M. v Denmark, No.
34421/09, 13 November 2012 (1 weli da 4 Tve).

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nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos SerCevis problema - JurnalSi

„marTlmsajuleba da kanoni“ #1(65)’20).
1.3.2. erT-erT gamowvevas warmoadgens aseve nafic msajulTa
verdiqtis Sesabamisobis sakiTxi samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebiT
ganmtkicebul dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis standartTan. aRniSnuli
sakiTxi araerTxel gamxdara msjelobis sagani.
evrosasamarTlom saqmeSi taqsketi belgiis winaaRmdeg xazi gausva
im garemoebas, rom TavisTavad msajulTa mier gamotanili verdiqtis
dausabuTebloba ar aris samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebis darRveva,
Tumca konvenciis meeqvse muxlis moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad
sakmarisi garantiebi unda arsebobdes, rom braldebulma da aseve
sazogadoebam gaiazros msajulTa verdiqti. sasamarTlom aRniSna:
„mniSvnelovania, rom sasamarTlo procesis mTlianobaSi ganxilviT
msjavrdebulma gaacnobieros mis winaaRmdeg braldeba, im danaSaulis
Semadgeneli nawilebi, romlis CadenaSic mas brali edeba da
gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis safuZveli.“1 aseTi garantia SeiZleba iyos,
magaliTad, mosamarTlis mier gaweuli instruqcia saqmis samarTleb-
riv aspeqtebTan an mtkicebulebebTan dakavSirebiT, iseve rogorc
mosamarTlis mier msajulTaTvis dasmuli konkretuli da naTlad Cam-
oyalibebuli kiTxvebi, romelTa farglebSic xdeba verdiqtis
gamotana. 2
saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa verdiqti ar sabuTdeba da
sasamarTlos ganaCenic mas avtomaturad eyrdnoba. saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobiT arCeul iqna e.w. anglosaqsuri midgoma, romlis
mixedviT, ar xdeba msajulTaTvis SekiTxvebis dasma da xdeba erTi
verdiqtis wardgena TiToeuli braldebis garSemo, yovelgvari
damatebiTi formulirebebiT.3
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom saqmeSi TAXQUET v.
BELGIUM daskvnis saxiT aRniSna, rom nafic msajulTaTvis zusti (ara
zogadi xasiaTis) SekiTxvebis dasma aris absoluturad saWiro
moTxovna, raTa ganmcxadebelma gaigos gamamtyunebeli verdiqtis
gamotanis mizezi. metic, Tu saqmeSi ramdenime braldebulia, SekiTxvebi
maqsimalurad morgebuli unda iyos individualurad TiToeul
maTganze, ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia.4
aqedan gamomdinare viziareb mosazrebas, rom saqarTveloSi
dasabuTebuli ganaCenis sapirwoned SeiZleba gamodges sxdomis

1
Taxquet v. Belgium, 2010 wlis 16 noemberi, 73-e punqti.
2 doliZe a., nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo saqarTveloSi da misi Sesabamisoba
adamianis uflebaT aevropul konvenciasTan, statiaTa krebuli – adamianis uflebebi
da samarTlis uzenaesoba, red. k. korkelia, Tb., 2013, gv. 54.
3
burjanaZe g., nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos mier gamotanili verdiqtis
dasabuTebuloba: evropul standartebTan saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba,
statiaTa krebuli“ adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso standartebi da
saqarTvelo,“ (red.) konstantine korkelia, Tb., 2011, gv. 38.
4
Taxquet v. Belgium, 2010 wlis 16 noemberi, §97-e punqti.

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Tavmjdomaris mxridan nafici msajulebisTvis konkretuli SekiTxvebis

dasma, aseve, maTTvis ganmartebebis micema. Mmsgavsi meTodebi saukeTeso
saSualeba iqneba TviTnebobis gamosaricxad da braldebulisa da
sazogadoebisTvis gadawyvetilebis motivaciaze warmodgenis
Sesaqmnelad.1
1.3.3. mokled Sevexebi samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis erT-erT
umTavres aspeqts - dacvis uflebas. aRniSnuli uflebis mniSvneloba
gansakuTrebiT didia sisxlis samarTlis procesSi, radgan dacvis
mxares aRWuravs Sesabamisi saproceso instrumentiT, raTa man
braldebis pozicias daupirispiros kontrargumentebi, gamamarTlebeli
mtkicebulebebi da sasamarTlo procesi warimarTos samarTliani
sasamarTlos principis Sesabamisad.2 evrokonvencia ganamtkicebs
„praqtikuli da efeqtiani“ iuridiuli daxmarebis uflebas.
nafic msajulTa instituti gamowvevas warmoadgens dacvis
uflebis efeqturad ganxorcielebis kuTxiTac, radgan nafic
msajulTa winaSe advokatis gamosvla klientis uflebebis dasacavad
moiTxovs met profesionalizms, aseve, gansakuTrebul unarebs,
romelsac mxareebi unda flobdnen raTa maTi interpretacia
gaZlierdes da brZolisunariani gaxdes.
bevr qarTvel advokats, romelTac Sexeba hqoniaT nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlosTan, aRuniSnavs interviuSi, rom amjobineben misi dacvis
qveS myofis saqme naficma msajulebma ganixilon, radgan swored maT
winaSe axdenen isini TavianTi unar-Cvevebis ukeT demonstrirebas.
aqedan gamomdinare, SesaZloa vivaraudoT, rom saqarTveloSi
dacvis uflebis realizeba yvelaze ukeT maSin Seesabameba samarTliani
sasamarTlos uflebiT dadgenil standartebs, roca saqmes nafici
msajulebi ganixilaven.
1.3.4. evrokonvenciis me-6 muxliT aseve garantirebulia sasamarTlo
ganxilva „damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos mier.“ ismis
kiTxva: aris nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo warmatebuli aRniSnuli
principebis dacvaSi?3
arsebobs mosazreba, rom „ufro advilia moqrTamo erTi
mosamarTle, vidre ramdenime nafici msajuli,“4 aseve uTiTeben nafic
msajulTa damoukideblobis maRal xarisxze, vinaidan nafici
msajulebi ar arian damokidebulni saxelmwifoze arc xelfasiT da
arc karieruli winsvliT, gansxvavebiT mosamarTleebisagan.5

1
tabataZe g., motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis ufleba, Jur. sakonstitucio samarTlis
mimoxilva, 2016, gv. 31-32.
2saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba – saqarTvelos
moqalaqeebi nadia xurciZe da dimitri lomiZe saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg,
№ 1/1/650,699, 27 ianvari, 2017.
3 Tricia Harris, Trial by jury: has the lamp lost its glow?, the UCLan Journal of Undergraduate Research Volume

3 Issue 2 (December 2010), 2.

4
Duff, Findlay, Howarth and Chan, Juries: A Hong Kong Perspective (1st edn, HKU 1992) 4.
5
ibid.

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qarTveli advokatebis azrs cxadyofs citirebebi maTi

interviuebidan, rom saqarTveloSi sasamarTlo gacilebiT damouki-
debelia da miukerZoebeli, roca saqmes nafici msajulebi ganixilaven.
Tumca yovelTvis SeiZleba sistemis daxvewa dadamatebiTi garantiebis
Seqmna nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos ukeT funqcionirebisaTvis.
nafic msajulTa damoukideblobasTan pirdapir kavSirSia maTi
dacva gare zegavlenisagan. sainteresoa saxalxo damcvelis mosazreba
(saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis 2016 wlis angariSi), romlis
Tanaxmadac g.o–s saqmem cxadad warmoaCina, rom saqarTveloSi ar
arsebobs meqanizmi, romelic nafic msajulebs daicavs sazogadoebisa
da mediis zewolisgan da amiT uzrunvelyofs mxolod
mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT verdiqtis gamotanas.
nafic msajulTa klasikuri sistemis mqone sxva saxelmwifoebisgan
gansxvavebiT (magaliTad, inglisisa da uelsis „sasamarTlos
upativcemulobis Sesaxeb“ kanoniT, medias ekrZaleba saqmis ganxilvaze
zegavlenis momxdeni masalebis gamoqveyneba. Mmsgavsi regulireba
arsebobs SotlandiaSic. inglissa da uelsSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia,
uSualod mxareebsac aukrZalos gancxadebis gakeTeba saqmesTan
dakavSirebiT), saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs satelevizio Tu beWdviTi
mediis saqmianobis maregulirebeli wesi, romelic udanaSaulobis
prezumfciis efeqtian dacvas uzrunvelyofda. im pirobebSi, rodesac
aRniSnuli media saSualebebi qveynis mTel teritorias moicaven,
msajulTa dacva gare zegavlenisgan verc sasamarTlos sxva
teritoriul erTeulSi gadataniT moxerxdeba.1viziareb mosazrebas,
rom nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos damoukideblobis uzrunvelsayofad
aucilebelia, raime meqanizmis meSveobiT SeizRudos sasamarTlo
ganxilvamde saqmis gasajaroeba.2
evropuli sasamarTlo xazgasmiTa aRniSnavs, rom norma, romelic
aregulirebs nafic msajulTa sxdomis farulobas, emsaxureba nafic
msajulTa, rogorc umaRlesi arbitris rolis gaZlierebas da nafic
msajulebs Soris Ria da gulwrfeli ganxilvis garantias maT winaSe
warmodgenil mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT.3
uaRresad didi mniSvneloba eniWeba nafic msajulTa Tavisufali
gamoxatvis SesaZleblobas nafic msajulTa saTaTbiro oTaxSi.
rogorc evropulma sasamarTlom aRniSna, araprofesionali nafici
msajulebis SemTxvevaSi, romlebsac xSirad kanoniT ekisrebaT nafic
msajulTa movaleobebis Sesruleba moqalaqeobrivi valdebulebis

1
„Guarantees of impartiality for Georgian Juries“, Eka Khutsishvili, 21.11. 2011, http://dfwatch.net/guarantees-
of-impartiality-for-georgian-juries-40627-1588
2
uinteri baxmaierl., dali Jerald t., ,,SedarebiTi analizi: araprofesional
mosamarTleTa mier saqmeTa ganxilvis sistemebi evropis sabWos wevr
saxelmwifoebSi”, 2013, gv. 32.
3 Gregory v. United Kingdom, no. 22292/93, 1997 wlis 25 Tebervali, 44-e paragrafi. Aaseve

ixileT: Miah v. United Kingdom (dec.), no. 37401/97, 1998 wlis 1 ivlisi.

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farglebSi, ukiduresad mniSvnelovania, rom maT SesaZlebloba

hqondeT Tavisuflad gamoxaton sakuTari mosazrebebi saqmis yvela
aspeqtTan da maT winaSe warmodgenil mtkicebulebebTan dakavSirebiT,
da maT ar unda mimarTon TviTcenzuras TavianTi Sexedulebebis da
mosazrebebis gamJRavnebis SiSis, an presiT gamoTqmuli kritikis gamo.1
nafic msajulTa damoukideblobis damatebiT garantiad SeiZleba
miviCnioT nafic msajulTaTvis Sesabamisi saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebis
miwodeba maT rolsa da moTxovnebTan dakavSirebiT.2
pirveli Sexeba nafici msajulobis kandidatebTan xdeba maTTvis
kiTxvaris dagzavniT. Ppraqtikosi advokatebi xSirad aRniSnaven, rom
kiTxvari, romelic egzavnebaT msajulobis kandidatebs aris
trafaretuli, arafris momcemi da rac mTavaria maTze gacemuli
pasuxebi ar aris amomwuravi da xSirad Semoifargleba „diax“ an „ara“
pasuxebiT.
aqedan gamomdinare, veTanxmebi ukve gamoTqmul rekomendacias, rom
arsebobs kiTxvaris zusti funqciis miTiTebis aucilebloba, romelic
nafici msajulobis kandidatebma unda Seavson.3 aucilebelia
garkveuli saxis saxelmZRvanelos gagzavna nafici msajulobis
kandidatebisTvis, romelic moicavs iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa nafici
msajulebis Sesabamisoba, SeuTavsebloba, nafic msajulTa kolegiaSi
monawileobis gamomricxavi garemoebebi, nafic msajulTa movaleobis
Sesrulebaze uaris Tqmis ufleba, ra molodini arsebobs nafic
msajulTa SesarCev sxdomaze, rogor movemzadoT nafic msajulTa
samsaxurisTvis, sasamarTlo procesi, nafic msajulTa uflebebi,
terminebis ganmartebebi, romelic gamoiyeneba sasamarTlo procesze da
romelic daexmareba maT gaigon, rogor unda isargeblon socialuri
garantiebiT, Tu ra molodini arsebobs maT mimarT, da Sesabamisad,
isini ukeTesad momzadebulebi wardgebian nafic msajulTa
movaleobebis Sesasruleblad. 4
rac Seexeba kiTxvas, rodis ufro metad aris daculi samarTliani
sasamarTlos uflebiT ganmtkicebuli principebi – mosamarTlis Tu
msajulebis mier saqmis ganxilvisas, veTanxmebi mosazrebas, rom,
samarTliani sasamarTlos principi is fundametia razec sisxlis
samarTlis marTlmsajuleba dgas, Sesabamisad, uflebamosili pirebi

1 Seckerson and Times Newspapers Ltd. V. United Kingdom (dec.), no. 32844/10, 2012wlis 24 ianvari, 44-e paragrafi.
2
„...ganmartebebis miwodebis gziT ganxorcielda rigiTiwevrebis cnobierebis amaRleba imis
Taobaze, rom isini valdebuli arian imoqmedon damoukideblad, da ar daeqvemdebaron
arasaTanado zemoqmedebas, da maT aseve ganemartaT, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania, rom isini
moiazrebodnen damoukidebel pirebad. debulebebi moicavda praqtikul da zust miTiTebebs
imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor SeiZleboda aRniSnulis miRweva an aRmofxvra konkretul
situaciaSi. sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom xsenebuli miTiTebebi emsaxureboda ara mxolod
wevrebisTvis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani damoukideblobis, aramed nebismier iuadgilo
zewolis aRmofxvrisuzrunvelyofas“; Cooper v. United Kingdom [GC], no. 48843/99, 2003 წლის dekemberi,
124-eparagrafi.
3
makbraidi j., saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTloebis muSaobis sruli Sesabamisobis
uzrunvelyofa evropul standartebTan, Tb., 2017 wlis ivnisi, gv. 62.
4
iqve, gv. 65.

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orive procesSi unda uzrunvelyofdnen mis dacvas. Sesabamisad,

romelime sasamarTlo calke aRebuli apriori ar niSnavs,
zemoxsenebul principTa dacvis met SesaZleblobas.“1aRniSnuli
sakiTxi gaazrebuli da Sefasebuli unda iqnes konkretul
saxelmwifoSi konkretul etapze marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi
arsebuli problemebis konteqstSi.

2. nafic msajulTa instituti, rogorc moqalaqeobrivi

pasuxismgeblobis gaRviZebisa da samoqalaqo CarTulobis
xelSewyobis saSualeba.
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos ara mxolod samarTlebrivi, aramed
politikuri xasiaTic gaaCnia. igi moqalaqeebSi aRvivebs demokratiul
impulsebs da samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas.
rogorc indianas universitetis ganaTlebis mkvlevari donald
vareni wers: „kargi moqalaqeebi...arian informirebuli monawileebi.
isini eZeben mtkicebulebebs, aanalizeben sakiTxebs, uZRvnian dros
samoqalaqo movaleobebs, SeuZliaT gadadon sakuTari Tavi da aqvT
interesi miaRwion sayovelTao da grZelvadian keTildReobas. maTTvis
cnobilia sabaziso demokratiuli koncefciebi, mxars uWeren
demokratiul idealebs da Tanaxma arian imarTebodnen im
ratificirebuli dokumentis Tanaxmad, romliTac xdeba politikuri
Zalauflebis organizeba da gadanawileba. aSS-Si samoqalaqo
ganaTlebis saWiroebis tradiciuli axsna efuZneba aseTi moqalaqeebis
aucileblobas respublikis sijansaRisa da ganviTarebisaTvis.2
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo aris erTaderTi instituti,
romelsac SeuZlia aiZulos saSualo moqalaqe gamoabijos Tavisi
kerZo sferodan da Sevides moklevadian, magram Zlevamosil rolSi
rogorc sajaro moxele.3
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo uzrunvelyofs gamorCeul
SesaZleblobas msajulTa gansanaTleblad demokratiuli
moqalaqeobis (democratic citizenship) rolisa da pasuxismgeblobis
Sesaxeb.4
nafic msajulad msaxurebas SeuZlia Camouyalibos msajulebs sxva
msajulebisa da mosamarTlis mimarT ndoba, aseve igive gamocdileba
aRvivebs rwmenas sxva moqalaqeebis mimarT da siamayis SegrZnebas
sakuTari valdebulebis Sesrulebis gamo sazogadoebisa da sajaro
samsaxuris winaSe.5
nafic msajulad msaxureba sTavazobs msajulebs maTi rwmenis
unikalur tests demokratiisa da sakuTari Tavis mimarT. Bbevr

1 piradi interviu prokuror l.b.-sTan, 2020 wlis Tebervali.

2
Gastil J., Pierre Deess E., Weiser Philip J., Simmons C., The Jury and Democracy - How Jury Deliberation
Promotes Civic Engagement and Political Participation, 2010, 14, Warren, 1996, 121.
3
Ibid, 14.
4
Ibid, 19.
5 Ibid, 21.

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amerikels awuxebs eWvi Tanamoqalaqeebis SesaZleblobebisa da maTi

samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. satelevizio da Teatraluri
sasamarTlo dramebi aZlierebs Cvens eWvs, rom Wkvian advokatebs
advilad SeuZliaT saSualo moqalaqiT manipulireba. sxvebi SesaZloa
ufro optimisturad iyvnen ganwyobili Tanamoqalaqeebis mimarT. Oorive
SemTxvevaSi nafic msajulad msaxureba msajulebs aZlevs iSviaT
SesaZleblobas naxon rogor iqceva moqalaqeTa SemTxveviT Seqmnili
jgufi.1
britanuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad, nafici msajulis movaleobis
warmatebiT Sesrulebis Semdeg icvleba sakuTari Tavis mimarT Cveni
Sexeduleba – CvenSi iRviZebs samoqalaqo siamayis grZnoba Cveni
samoqalaqo instinqtebisa da gamWriaxobis gamo. Nnafic msajulad
msaxureba individs aniWebs ufro Zlier samoqalaqo identobas,
patriotul siamayesac ki. erT-erTma pirma, romelic mravali wlis
ganmavlobaSi iyo britaneTis kanonieri moqalaqe, nafici msajulis
movaleobis pirvelad Sesrulebis Semdeg ganacxada, rom nafic
msajulTa sasamarTlos sistemaSi monawileobis Semdeg „Tavs ufro
metad grZnobda britanel moqalaqed“ da „mas hqonda SegrZneba, rom mas
epyrobodnen, rogorc britaneTis moqalaqes.“2
marTalia, zemoaRniSnuli kvlevebi ar moicavs saqarTvelos
realobas, magram Cemi azriT, yvela adamianSi, romeli qveynis
moqalaqec ar unda iyos igi da ra erovnebasac ar unda warmoadgendes,
zis patrioti, romelsac unda, ukeTes adamianad iqces da sasargeblo
saqme gaakeTos Tavisi qveynisaTvis, xolo nafic msajulad msaxureba
aris amis unikaluri SesaZlebloba. igi xels uwyobs sazogadoebaSi
samarTlebrivi marTlSegnebis amaRlebas da sazogadoebis wevrebis
aqtiur moqalaqeebad Camoyalibebas.

daskvna.
TiTqmis 10 welia, rac nafic msajulTa instituti moqmedebs
saqarTveloSi da am drois ganmavlobaSi daaxloebiT 40 saqme3 iqna
ganxiluli nafic msajulTa mier. Aaqedan gamomdinare sakmarisad
dagrovda gamocdileba aRniSnuli institutis muSaobis kuTxiT da
gamoikveTa misi reformirebis saWiroeba sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT.
upirvelesyovlisa xazi unda gaesvas im problemas, rac xSirad
aRniSnula advokatebTan intervius dros – saxelmwifos mxridan ar
arsebobs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos realurad damkvidrebisaTvis
arc finansuri mzaoba da arc realuri survili. Aamas ganapirobebs is,
rom umetesad „nafici msajulebi moqmedeben TviTneburad, arian
araprognozirebadi, sentimentalurebi, ar eqvemdebarebian

1
Gastil J., Pierre Deess E., Weiser Philip J., Simmons C., The Jury and Democracy - How Jury Deliberation
Promotes Civic Engagement and Political Participation, 2010, 14, Warren, 1996, 22.
2
Ibid, 22.
3
http://www.supremecourt.ge/files/upload-file/pdf/nafici-msajulebis-mier-ganxiluli-saqmeebis-statistika.pdf

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kontrols.“1araprognozirebadi da umarTavi instituti arsarseboba ki

saxelmwifos interesebSi ar Sedis.
sakonstitucio sasamarTlo ganmartavs, rom „nebismieri
saxelmwifos mixedulebis farglebi farToa sasamarTlo sistemis
mowyobasTan dakavSirebiT. mTavari moTxovna, romliTac demokratiuli
da samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos xelisuflebebi mkacradaa SeboWili,
aris is, rom sasamarTlo xelisufleba mTlianobaSi pasuxobdes mis
winaSe mdgar mTavar gamowvevas – uzrunvelyos samarTliani marTlmsa-
juleba, risTvisac is aRWurvili unda iyos samarTliani sasamarTlos
uflebis realizaciisTvis aucilebeli yvela saWiro, adekvaturi da
sakmarisi berketiT. TavisTavad cxadia, rom ar arsebobs sasamarTlo
xelisuflebis sistemis erTi modeli, romelic uzrunvelyofs qmediT,
damoukidebel, miukerZoebel, kvalificiur da samarTlian
marTlmsajulebas. saxelmwifom sakuTari ganviTarebis ama Tu im
etapze, SesaZloa ganaxorcielos sasamarTlo xelisuflebis reforma
misi ganmtkicebis, damoukideblobis, xelmisawvdomobisa Tu sandoobis
xarisxis amaRlebis mizniT. Aam procesSi saxecvlileba SeiZleba
ganicados sasamarTlo struqturam, formirebis wesma, kompetenciisa
Tu iurisdiqciis gasazRvram da sxva.Aam TvalsazrisiT, nafic
msajulTa sasamarTlo saxelmwifos mier sasamarTlo xelisuflebis
reformis gzaze ganxorcielebul erT-erT aseT etaps warmoadgens.“2
warmoudgenelia nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos sistemis
siRrmiseulad gaazreba istoriuli da Tanamedrove konteqstis
gaanalizebis gareSe. nafic msajulTa sasamarTloebi dResac
mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs da rCeba sazogadoebrivi diskusiebis
Temad. is ar aris statikuri, mudmivad icvleba da adaptirdeba. Aam
sistemis funqcias samarTlebriv sistemaSi ganapirobebs politikuri,
socialuri, ekonomikuri samarTlebrivi faqtorebi. Ees faqtorebi
periodulad aZlierebs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos rols
sazogadoebaSi, xolo zogjer ki amcirebs.3
nafic msajulTa sistema yovelTvis iyo ganviTarebis procesSi da
is momavalSic Seicvleba, upasuxebs ra socialur pirobebsa da
gamokveTil sazogadoebriv saWiroebebs.4
asea saqarTveloSic. 2010 wels nafic msajulTa institutis
SemoRebas Tavisi istoriuli sarCuli edo safuZvlad. aRniSnuli
ganapiroba ndobis dakargvam marTlmsajulebis sistemisadmi. risi

1 Sherrod Drury R., The Jury Crisis What’s wrong with Jury Trials and how we can save them, Rowman
&Littlefield, 2019, 123.
2
saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi valerian gelbaxiani, mamuka nikolaiSvili da aleqsandre
silagaZe saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg, №1/4/557,571,576, 13 noemberi, 2014.
3 vidmari n., hansi v. p., amerikeli nafici msajulebi verdiqti, ilias saxelmwifo
universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb., 2019, gv. 76.
4
B. Michael Dann, “Learning Lessons and “Speaking Rights:”Creating Educated and Democratic Juries, 68
Indiana Law Journal 1229, 1993.

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gamosworebis gzad miCneul iqna is, rom Tavad moqalaqeebs aeRoT

xelSi marTlmsajulebis sadaveebi.
dRevandeli qarTuli realobidan gamomdinare, marTlmsajulebis
sistemaSi arsebuli problemebisa da dagrovili gamocdilebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, mimaCnia, rom:
1. saqarTvelos moqalaqeebSi nafic msajulad msaxurebis naklebi
mzaobis miuxedavad, qveyanaSi, sadac sasamarTlo sistemas
sazogadoebis didi nawili ar endoba, gamarTlebulia,
braldebuls hqondes arCevanis Tavisufleba da alternativis
saxiT arsebobdes nafic msajulT ainstituti, xolo misi
gansjadoba moicavdes ara mxolod SezRuduli raodenobis
danaSaulebs, aramed sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis met muxls,
vidre es gaTvaliswinebulia dRes moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT.
gansjadobis gafarToeba ki xels Seuwyobs nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlos qarTuli marTlmsajulebis sistemasTan Seguebas.
vfiqrob, braldebulebi ufro xSirad gaakeTeben arCevans
nafic msajulebze, am kuTxiT dagrovdeba ufro meti
gamocdileba da praqtika, sazogadoeba ukeT informirebuli
gaxdeba imis Sesaxeb Tu sinamdvileSi ra Sedegis dadeba
SeuZlia am sistemas da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gaakeTeben
gaazrebul arCevans. paralelurad aucilebelia nafic
msajulTa institutis ganviTarebis procesis Sesaxeb xalxamde
swori da adekvaturi informaciis mitana.
2. umjobesi iqneba, saxelmwifom SeZlos msajulebis finansuri
daintereseba, radgan kandidatTa socialurad daucveloba da
yofiTi problemebi xSir SemTxvevaSi arTulebs msajulTa
Semadgenlobis droulad formirebas.
3. aseve, viziareb mosazrebas, rom SemTxveviTobis principiT
SerCeul msajulobis kandidatebisaTvis kiTxvarTan erTad
unda moxdes saxelmZRvaneloebis dagzavna, romelic miscems
kandidatebs informacias TavianTi uflebebis Sesaxeb da isini
iqnebian ukeT momzadebulni TavianTi movaleobis
Sesasruleblad.
4. aucilebelia nafici msajulobis kandidatebTan muSaoba da
maTi waxaliseba, raTa maT piradad (ara mezoblisa da kurieris
daxmarebiT) da srulyofilad Seavson kiTxvari, romelic maT
egzavnebaT, vinaidan umetes SemTxvevaSi swored kiTxvarSi
miwodebul nformacias eyrdnobian advokatebi msajulTa
SerCevisas, amisaTvis ki saWiroa kandidatebs miewodoT saWiro
instruqtaJi kompetenturi sasamarTlo moxeleebis mier.
5. aqve aRvniSnav imasac, rom saWiroa calke arsebobdnen
sasamarTlos moxeleebi, romelTa movaleoba dakavSirebuli
iqneba mxolod nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos
funqcionirebasTan da isini specialurad iqnebian
gadamzadebulni am miznebisaTvis.

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6. aseve, mniSvnelovania, rom nafic msajulebs CautardeT

instruqtaJi Tu rogor unda warmarTon TaTbiri da rogor ar
unda moeqcnen mediis, sxva msajulebisa da aseve sxva gare
faqtorebis zegavlenis qveS.

l i t e r a t u r a
L iterature
Литература

1. saqarTvelos konstitucia (23/03/2018 redaqcia).

2. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi (09/10/2009
redaqcia).
3. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis konvecia,
evropis sabWo, 4/11/1950.
4. makbraidi j., saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTloebis
muSaobis sruli Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa evropul
standartebTan, Tb., 2017 wlis ivnisi.
5. grozevi i., vitkauskasi d., levis-entoni s., (mT. red.),
samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis ufleba adamianis uflebaTa
evropuli konvenciis Tanaxmad (me-6 muxli), saxelmZRvanelo
iuristebisTvis, momzadebulia Ria sazogadoebis institutis
mxardaWeriT, Tbilisi 2008.
6. TumaniSvili g., jiSkariani b., Srami e., evropuli da
saerTaSoriso samarTlis zegavlena qarTul sisxlis saproceso
samarTalze, gamomcemloba meridiani, Tb., 2019.
7. meiSvili z., (red.) nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo, warmoSobisa da
ganviTarebis mokle istoria, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo,
Tb., 2012.
8. wiqariSvili k., iorhendi l., nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo
(dasavluri sistemebis mimoxilva), Tb., 2012.
9. nafic msajulTa instituti saqarTveloSi, avtorTa jgufi,
fondi Ria sazogadoeba saqarTvelo, Tb., 2013.
10. kelenjeriZe i., saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi principebi
marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis konteqstSi (verifikacia,
implementacia, efeqtianoba), disertacia, Tb., 2015.
11. doliZe a., nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo saqarTveloSi da misi
Sesabamisoba adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvenciasTan,
statiaTa krebuli – adamianis uflebebi da samarTlis
uzenaesoba, (red.) k. korkelia, Tb., 2013.
12. burjanaZe g., nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos mier gamotanili
verdiqtis dasabuTebuloba: evropul standartebTans aqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba, statiaTa krebuli“ adamianis
uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso standartebi da saqarTvelo,“
(red.) k. korkelia, Tb., 2011.

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13. tabataZe g., motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis ufleba, Jur.

sakonstitucio samarTlis mimoxilva, 2016.
14. vidmari n., hansi v. p., amerikeli nafici msajulebi verdiqti,
ilias saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb., 2019.
15. Nnafic msajulTa institutis mimarT sazogadoebis
informirebuloba dadamokidebuleba, kvleva momzadda proeqtis
“sasamarTlos xelisuflebis mxardaWera” farglebSi, romelsac
axorcielebs gaeros ganviTarebis programa (UNDP)
saqarTvelosuzenaessasamarTlosTanTanamSromlobiT, Tb., 2007.
16. nafic msajulTa instituti (Taviseburebani da problemebi),
avtorTa koleqtivi, kavkasiis saerTaSoriso universiteti,
saerTaSoriso kvleviTi instituti, gamomcemloba “universali”,
Tb., 2017.
17. adamianis uflebebi da marTlmsajuleba saqarTveloSi,
sazogadoebis damokidebuleba da informirebuloba, kvlevis
angariSi momzadebulia „eisiTis“ mier evrokavSirisa (EU) da
gaeros ganviTarebis programis ( UNDP) mxardaWeriT, 2017.
18. saqarTveloSi sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobisa da praqtikis
kvlevebis krebuli, Tb., 2015.
19. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi 2015, angariSi 2016.
20. “konstituciis komentari” ,,konstitucionalizmis kvlevisa da
xelSewyobis regionaluri centri“, Tbilisi, 2013.
21. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba –
saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi valerian gelbaxiani, mamuka
nikolaiSvili da aleqsandre silagaZe saqarTvelos parlamentis
winaaRmdeg, №1/4/557,571,576, 13 noemberi, 2014.
22. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba –
saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi nadia xurciZe da dimitri lomiZe
saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg, № 1/1/650,699, 27 ianvari, 2017.
23. uinteri baxmaierl., dali jerald t., ,,SedarebiTi analizi:
araprofesional mosamarTleTa mier saqmeTa ganxilvis sistemebi
evropis sabWos wevrs axelmwifoebSi”, 2013.
24. piradi interviuebi advokatebTan: i.b.-sTan, p.g.-sTan, a.k.-sTan, g.g.-
Tan, d.s.-sTan; piradi interviu prokuror l.b.-sTan, 2020 wlis
Tebervali.
25. Guarantees of impartiality for Georgian Juries“, Eka Khutsishvili, 21.11. 2011,
http://dfwatch.net/guarantees-of-impartiality-for-georgian-juries-40627-1588
26. Gastil J., Pierre Deess E., Weiser Philip J., Simmons C., The Jury and Democracy -
How Jury Deliberation Promotes Civic Engagement and Political Participation, 2010.
27. Sherrod Drury R., The Jury Crisis What’s wrong with Jury Trials and how we can
save them, Rowman &Littlefield, 2019.
28. Mavrantonis George C., JURY SYSTEM IN MODERN RATIONAL LAW: IS THE
JURY SYSTEM AN ABSURD INSTITUTION WHOSE ONLY CLAIM TO
LEGITIMACY AFTER ALL, IS ITS ARCHAIC ROOT? Gray’s Inn Student Law
Journal, VOLUME VIII, Association of Gray’s Inn Students LONDON, 2016.

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29. Harris Tricia, Trial by jury: has the lamp lost its glow? the UCLan Journal of
Undergraduate Research Volume 3 Issue 2 (December 2010).
30. Duff, Findlay, Howarth and Chan, Juries: A Hong Kong Perspective (1st edn, HKU
1992) .
31. B. Michael Dann, “Learning Lessons and “Speaking Rights:”Creating Educated and
Democratic Juries, 68 Indiana Law Journal 1229, 1993.
32. X and Y v. Ireland (dec.), no. 8299/78, 1980 wlis 10 oqtomberi, Callaghan and
Others v. United Kingdom (dec.), no. 14739/89, 1989 wlis 9 maisi, McLoughlin
v. Ireland (dec.), no. 15967/90, 1992 wlis 6 ivlisi, Malone v. United Kingdom
(dec.), no. 25290/94, 1996 wlis 28 Tebervali, McMullen v. Ireland (dec.), no.
25353/94, 1996 wlis 28 Tebervali, 1999 wlis 23 noemberi, Klimenteyev
v. Russia (dec.), no. 46503/99, 2002 wlis 17 seqtemberi.
33. Taxquet v. Belgium [GC],) #926/05, ECHR 2010.
34. Achour v. France [GC], № 67335/01, ECHR 2006-IV.
35. Grishin v. Russia, #14807/08, ECHR 2012,§170.
36. Tryumbach v Ukraine, No. 44385/02, 12 January 2012; J.M. v Denmark, No.
34421/09, 13 November 2012.
37. Cooper v. United Kingdom [GC], #48843/99, ECHR 2003.
38. Gregory v. United Kingdom, no. 22292/93, 1997 wlis 25 Tebervali, aseve
ixileT: Miah v. United Kingdom (dec.), no. 37401/97, 1998 wlis 1 ivlisi.
39. Seckerson and Times Newspapers Ltd. V. United Kingdom (dec.), no. 32844/10,
2012wlis 24 ianvari.

r e z i u m e

Nnafic msajulTa sasamarTlo da samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba

Eela kusiani

saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos evropuli konvenciis

moTxovnebTan Sesabamisobis kuTxiT arsebobs rigi gamowvevebi,
romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi unda daiZlios aRniSnuli institutis
reformirebis gziT.
winamdebare statiis farglebSi Sevecdebi nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlos qarTuli modeli ganvixilo samarTliani sasamarTlos
uflebis konteqstSi. kerZod, vimsjelo iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa:
gonivrul vadaSi saqmis ganxilvis ufleba, nafic msajulTa verdiqtis
Sesabamisoba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis dasabuTebulobis princip-
Tan, dacvis ufleba, sasamarTlos damoukidebloba da miukerZoebloba,
nafic msajulTa dacva gareSe zegavlenisagan. statia aseve moicavs
qarTveli praqtikosi advokatebis mosazrebebs nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlosTan dakavSirebiT arsebul problemebze. mokled Sevexebi
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos rols moqalaqeobrivi pasuxismgeblobis
gaRviZebisa da samoqalaqo CarTulobis xelSewyobaSi.

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statiis bolos gamoTqmuli iqneba garkveuli rekomendaciebi,

saqarTveloSi moqmedi nafic msajulTa institutis evropul
standartebTan daaxloebis uzrunvelsayofad.

SUMMARY

THE JURY AND THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL

ELLA KUSIANI

In the framework of this article, I will try to discuss the Georgian model of the jury trial
in the context of the right to a fair trial.I will try to discuss issues such as: the right to hear a
case within a reasonable time, the compliance of the jury verdict with the principle of
reasoning court decision, the right to a lawyer, the independence and impartiality of the court,
the protection of jurors from external influences.The article also covers the views of Georgian
practicing lawyers on problems of the jury. I will briefly touch the role of the jury in
promoting civic responsibility and civic engagement.
In the end of the article, some recommendations will be made to ensure that the
institution of jury operating in Georgia is closer to European standards.

РЕЗЮМЕ

СУД ПРИСЯЖНЫХ И ПРАВО НА СПРАВЕДЛИВЫЙ СУД

ЭЛЛА КУСИАН

Врамках этой статьи я попытаюсь обсудить грузинскую модель суда присяжных в

контексте права на справедливое судебное разбирательство. Я постараюсь обсудить
такие вопросы, как: право на рассмотрение дела вразумный срок, соответствие
вердикта присяжных принципу мотивировки судебного решения, право на адвоката,
независимость и беспристрастность суда, защита присяжных заседателей от внешних
воздействий. Встатье также освещаются взгляды грузинских практикующих юристов
на проблемы присяжных. Я кратко коснусь роли жюри в продвижении гражданской
ответственности и гражданской активности.
В конце статьи будут даны некоторые рекомендации для обеспечения того, чтобы
действующий в Грузии институт присяжных заседателей был ближек европейским
стандартам.

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