SHOPPING MALL

CASE STUDY
DESIGN 6
GROUP-2
MEENAL | DEEKSHA | DILER | JASNEET | PRIYANKA
ELANTE MALL, CHANDIGARH
LOCATION
178-178a, industrial & business park, phase 1, Chandigarh

The entire complex holds an overall area of 20 acres with

the mall, the hotel and the office space included.
Its retail space is of over 1 million. sq. ft. across G+3 levels
It is the largest mall in Chandigarh.

ACCESSIBILITY
1. Distance between Chandigarh bus stand to Elante
mall is 8.2km
2. Distance between Chandigarh railway station to
Elante mall is 6.4km
3. Distance between Chandigarh air port to Elante
mall is 17km
SITE SURROUNDINGS

Hyatt Regency Chandigarh

Consulate General of Canada Lemon Tree Hotel Bhushan Steels

• SITE PLAN
Development consists of three distinct facilities,
with a central courtyard:

1. Largest shopping mall in Chandigarh

2. An office complex with state-of- the-art

facilities - 3 blocks of office spaces

3. A luxury hotel
There are Café's, Food Court, Pristine fine dining
and Restaurants within the development as
well, which covers 20 acres of area.
CONCEPTUAL VIEWS
OVERALL SITE

1. Total Site Area 20.16 Acres

2. Ground Coverage 50 %
3. Total Built up Area1,750,000 Sq. Ft.
4. Retail Mall (Approx. Area)1,115,000 Sq. Ft.
5. Office Complex (Approx. Area)375,000 Sq. Ft.
6. Hotel (Approx. Area)260,000 Sq. Ft.
7. Parking5,846 Car Parks
8. Total Constructible Area(Including Basement
Parking)33,00,000 sq. Ft

THE MALL

1. Total Area : 11,15,000 Sq. Ft.

2. No. of Floors : 3B + G + 3
3. Mall Positioning : Medium to High end
4. Tenancy : 100% Lease hold
5. Basic Retail Mix : Hypermarket,
Multiplex, Departmental Stores,
Entertainment Zone, Food Court,
Health Club, Night Club, Premium
National and International Brands
GROUND FLOOR
FIRST FLOOR
SECOND FLOOR
THRID FLOOR
LOWER GROUND FLOOR
LANDSCAPING
INFERENCES
1. The mall has been designed to cater multiple needs of the users in terms of shopping, cinema, fun
and food.
2. The mall offers services of both national and international brands under one roof and hence, the
greater footfall.
3. User movement patterns have been properly studied while designing the mall such that the indoor
kiosks and sitting areas have been properly designed.
4. The toilets are sufficient. However, handicapped toilet facilities have not been given.
5. The areas at Elante with the least footfall is being promoted by addition of new escalators and other
maintenance strategies.
6. Columns near the escalators have clear maps describing the floor and the brands on each floor to
promote user ease of access.
7. Fire safety plans have also been placed at locations where they can be easily seen in case of fire.
8. The dump yards and garbage removal is being efficiently carried out in the mall.
9. Slope has been provided in the ground floor of the mall and is not a correct practice to be done in
a corridor.
10. The circulation areas are well ventilated and wherever possible, natural light is being brought inside
the building.
11. The mall does not completely disconnect its user form the outer landscaping, rather, the courtyard is
beautifully designed to promote the footfall.
12. The mall is equipped with all the services except for the parking which is insufficient at all times.
 SELECT CITY WALK, NEW DELHI
INTRODUCTION:-
TYPE:- COMMERCIAL
LOCATION:- A3 DISTRICT CENTRE SAKET, NEW DELHI
CENTREPIECE AREA:- 54 ACRES(WHOLE BUSINESS DISTRICT
CENTRE)
SITE AREA:- 6 ACRES
BUILTUP AREA:- 1.05 SQ.M.
ARCHITECTS:- TEVATIA CHAUHAN AND SHARMA ARCHITECTS
DEVELOPERS:- SELECTINFRASTRUCTURE Pvt. Ltd.

SITE SURROUNDING:-

1. KHIRKI MASJID
2. DLF PLACE
MALL
3.
METROPOLITAN
MALL
4. SAKET DISTRICT
COURT

5. DISTRICT PARK
6. SAKET CITY
HOSPITAL
7. P.S.R.I
HOSPITAL
8. COLLEGE OF
VOCATIONAL
STUDIES
 SELECT CITY WALK, NEW DELHI
ACCESSIBILITY:-
It is easily accessible through PUBLIC TRANSPORT i.e. AMMENITIES:-
DTC buses, Metro rail, Auto rickshaws, and through Select city walk mall
private vehicles. • 3 floors of shopping area
• Bust stop- KHIRKI Village, 100m • 2 separate 5-storey blocks containing
• Malviya nagar metro station -1km I. Office space
• IGI airport-15.6 km II. Service apartments
• DLF place mall-200 m • Outdoor open-air plaza, approx.
• MGF metropolitan mall-100 m OFFICE 9290.304SQ.M.
• Qutub minar-3.7 km BUILDING • Water bodies & fountains
• An amphitheatre
• Six screen PVR cinemas
LANDSCAPE:-
• COMPRISES OF OUTDOOR OPEN PLAZA, FOR
ART EXHIBITIONS &
PERFORMANCES.
• LANDSCAPED PLAZA OF 8992 SQ. METERS.
• AN OAT, WITH A CAPACITY OF 200+ PEOPLE.
• 5 STAIRCASES LEADING TO BASEMENT. OPEN
• STATUES & SCULPTURES WERE PLACED ALL THEATRE
AROUND THE LANDSCAPING.
• FLOORING: MARBLE, GRANITE SLABS,
OPEN AREA
VITRIFIED TILES

OPEN AREA OPEN AREA OPEN AREA View of

OAT

OPEN AREA Staircases leading to Fountain area

basement
SELECT CITY WALK, NEW DELHI

SITE PLAN AND ORGANISATION

•Organization of spaces in a linear fashion along

the 20 m wide corridor
•Linear organization.
•L shaped planning with a public plaza in front
which compliment each other

CIRCULATION:-
• There were 2 main entrances to the mall.
• One from the front & 2nd from the rear side
• On the front side, 4 main entries were present.
• Passage running on one side of L –shape
building -
1. 2.5m wide
2. Distance between columns- 6m
3. Column size-600x450
• 5M WIDE PEDESTRIAN ALONGWITH BUILDING
AREA – 11378.81 SQ.M. SELECT CITY WALK, NEW DELHI
GROUND FLOOR PLAN

❖ 4 LIFT LOBBY
❖ 2 WASHROOMS
❖ 1 FEEDING AND
RESTROOMS
❖ 3 ESCALATORS
❖ ATRIUM AT
ENTRANCE
❖ 4 DIFFERENT
ENTRANCES
❖ 1 ENTRY FROM
FAMILY AND TRADITION REAR SIDE
YOUTH ❖ 6 STAIRCASES
CELEBRATION, CENTRE STAGE
LIFT LOBBY
CORRIDOR
BALCONY
 SELECT CITY WALK, NEW DELHI
AREA – 11378.81 SQ.M.

V2
M

FAMILY AND TRADITION

YOUTH
V

CELEBRATION, CENTRE STAGE

M
2

LIFT LOBBY
CORRIDOR
BALCONY

ATRIUM AT ENTRANCE DISPLAY AREA STORES WASHROOMS PASSAGEWAY

 SELECT CITY WALK, NEWDELHI
FIRST FLOOR PLAN

FAMILY AND TRADITION

YOUTH
CELEBRATION, CENTRE STAGE
❖ 4 LIFT LOBBY
❖ 2 WASHROOMS
LIFT LOBBY ❖ 3 ESCALATORS
CORRIDOR ❖ 6 STAIRCASES
BALCONY
AREA – 12816.043 SQ.M.

PASSAGEWAY WITH STORES OPEN CORRIDOR LIFT LOBBY

 SELECT CITY WALK, NEW DELH

DINING

OPEN DINING

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

AREA – 6568.06 SQ.M.

SKYLIGHT
 SELECT CITY WALK, NEW DELHI
STORES
1. AREA TO STORES WERE ASSIGNED AS PER THEIR
REQUIREMENTS.
2. FLOOR TO FLOOR HEIGHT – 3.3M
3. STORES EQUIPPED WITH FIRE FIGHTING
EQUIPMENT
4. INTERNAL LAYOUT VARIES INDIVIDUALLY.
5. SHOP AREA RANGES FORM 50SQ.M. – 1500SQ.M.

FOOD COURT
1. SITUATEDON 2nd floor
2. Open terrace area included with food court
3. Seating capacity 200 persons

ATM
Atm placed at 100m distance
 SELECT CITY WALK, NEW DELHI
AREA STATEMENT
SITE AREA:- 6ACRES
BASEMENTS:- 41578.5 SQ.M.(3 LEVELS)
GROUND FLOOR :- 9622.345 + 1756.46(MULTIPLEX) = 11378.81
SQ.M.
FIRST FLOOR :-10803.323+2012.72(MULTIPLEX)=12816.043 SQ.M.
SECOND FLOOR:- 6568.06 SQ.M.
THIRD FLOOR:- 2921.226SQ.M.
FOURTH FLOOR:- 2776.216 SQ.M.
FIFTH FLOOR:- 2467.621 SQ.M.
SIXTH FLOOR:- 2268.241 SQ.M.
SEVENTH FLOOR:- 1948.0 SQ.M.
FOYER LEVEL AREA IN MULTIPLEX :- 825.29 SQ.M.
TOTAL WITHOUT BASEMENTS:- 43970.307 SQ.M.
TOTAL WITH BASEMENETS :- 91623.807 SQ.M.

BUILT SPACE : OPEN SPACE SP ACES RATIO

OPEN SPACE SERIVICES
35% RECREATIONAL
SPACE 4%
9%
BUILT SPACE MULTIPLEX 9%
65%
HOTEL RETAIL
11% 56%

OFFICE
11%
Built-up space/ open space
activities ratio = 6 acres/ 2
acres= 3:1
LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION SELECT CITY WALK, NEW DELHI
 SELECT CITY WALK, NEW DELHI

1. BASEMENT SERVICES
2. It includes
3. Fire fighting equipment's
4. Loading & unloading area
Electronical Boards TAILORS
5. Garbage Collection area
6. HVAC Equipment
7. The waste from restaurants was collected in
basement, through shaft.
Service lift, connecting Sprinklers were
8. There were 3 separate areas, which were basement to upper provided all over the
floors of mall basement
dividing the waste into different categories.
9. After separation, waste is dispose of through
garbage trucks.
10. Fire fighting equipment's like sprinklers,
extinguishers are available. Air Extractors in Staff collecting
basement. garbage from
11. Basement height –4m shaft
 PARKING Vehicular Service Lane
Circulation Circulation
Type of parking provided in complex:- Size of bay provided on
Pedestrian Width of ramp 2.5m surface 5x2.5m
❖ SURFACE PARKING
circulation Slope of ramp -1:10
❖ BASEMENT PARKING

RAMP Parking provided

at front for people
visiting in mall,

SURFACE
PARKING Pedestrian entry

Parking provided for

office

Plan showing parking in complex

• Saket district can take the load of traffic but its surrounding area, are not.
• Complex don't have adequate parking for two wheeler.,
 SELECT CITY WALK, NEW DELHI

SERVICES:-
•2 entries and 5 fire exits are provided.

•3 level basement parking is provided.

•The placement of the entry to the basement is such
Drainage inside
that it also acts as drop- off without hindering the corridor Elevators
entry to the basement.

•3 escalators are provided.

•Service corridors are also provided at the rear side
of city walk.

•A 20 m wide service lance is provided at the rear

side which also acts as surface parking.

•Sprinklers placed at height 2.4m Dustbins and fire safety Signage in corridor
equipment
 SELECT CITY WALK, NEW DELHI

MULTIPLEX
•there are 6 screens.
•2 of the 6,are gold class.
•other 4 screens are above the gold
class screens.
•the main entry is through the bridge
on the first floor which connects mall
and multiplex building.

•the ground floor entry can also be

used for gold class entry.
•tickets for cinema can be
purchased from ground floor & first
floor.
•good point is ticket counter is just at
the entrance of the mall.

•parking for cinema is same as for

mall.

ENTRY TO PVR COMPLEX

SELECT CITY WALK, NEW DELHI

CINEMA PREMIER

Box office is having three

counters to serve for the 1100
people coming to the cinema
of premier class.
•The dimensions of the ox office
are 3.0m x 2.5m

In front of the box office

Entry towards the box office is the entry & exit for the
through steps which are 1.8m wide. cinema are provided.
•Along with the steps, a lift is also •The width of the
provided for the handicapped entrance & exit gates are
persons 2.0m
•The size of the lift is about 1m x 1m.

After entrance there comes the

waiting lobby in which services
like cafeteria & washrooms are
provided.
•The lobby can accommodate
300 people at a time.
INFERENCES SELECT CITY WALK, NEW DELHI
Positives:-

❖Proper circulation(horizontal and vertical) – lifts, staircases, escalators.

❖Sufficient sitting area provided as per footfall.
❖Landscaping provide open interactive space.
❖Planning – shops to have maximum frontage, making them visible and
lively.
❖Fire fighting and HVAC are provided in passageways and individual
stores too.
❖Designed as per disable too.
❖Glazing used for visual connectivity.
❖Excellent servicing by rear side service lane and service corridors along
back.
❖Encouraging more public participation and approachable commercial
hub.
❖Proper signages.

Negatives:-
❖Poor security provision.
❖No provision of sitting inside the mall
❖Sitting capacity is very less in comparison of no. of food courts.
PACIFIC MALL, DELHI
LOCATION :- Najafgarh Rd, Tagore Garden, Tilak Nagar, New Delhi

Pacific Mall is a huge

shopping mall spread
over 35375 sq. Mts. Punjab Market
It belongs to Pacific Road 12 m
India group.
The mall consists of Chaudhari
charan
many retail spaces Singh
along with food and chandela
entertaining zones. Marg, 20 m

It includes about 135 Najafgarh

retail shops Road, 27 m

ACCESSIBILITY :-
INDIRA GANDHI KASHMERE GATE
INTERNATIONAL BUS TERMINAL
AIRPORT 14.9 Kms
12.1 Kms

SUBHASH NAGAR NEW DELHI

METRO STATION RAILWAY STATION
.500 Kms 15 Kms
FRONT VIEW OF MALL
PACIFIC MALL, DELHI
SITE AREA - 35375 SQ.M
ENTRANCE - 3 GATES
SETBACKS - FRONT - 30 M
SIDE - 17 M
REAR - 15 M
TOTAL NO. FLOORS - 3

Circulation Road

Built up area

Paved and Landscaped area

ENTRY

SITE ZONING

BASEMENT ENTRY CUSTMOR ENTRY FROM FRONT CUSTMOR ENTRY FROM SIDE
 PACIFIC MALL, DELHI
BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN :- TOTAL 22 STOTRE AND 1 FOOD COURT

ESCALATOR G.FLOOR TO BASEMENT PARKING

BASEMENT

ESCALATOR LOWER
BASMENT FLOOR TO STORE DIRECTORY
PARKING
PACIFIC MALL, DELHI

GROUND FLOOR PLAN :- TOTAL 37 STOTRES, TWO MAIN ENTRIES

DISPLAY AREA AT G.FLOOR

ATRIUM
 PACIFIC MALL, DELHI
FIRST FLOOR PLAN :- TOTAL 39 STOTRES, TWO ESCALATORS

ESCALATORS

STORES AT FFL
 PACIFIC MALL, DELHI

SECOND FLOOR PLAN :- TOTAL 36 FOOD STORES

INDOOR DINING SPACE

OUTDOOR DINING SPACE

 PACIFIC MALL, DELHI
THIRD FLOOR PLAN :- 6 PVR SCREENS, 2 FOOD STORES , 1 BEAR BAR , 9 SHOPING STORE

FIRE EXIT PLAN

FHC FIRE EXIT

LIFT LOBBY
 PACIFIC MALL, DELHI

INFRENCES
➢ There Is No Provision For Handicap In Toilet.
➢ Lack Of Natural Ventilations
➢ There Is Proper Circulations In Case Of Entrance , Corridors ,
Escalators
➢ Escalator Ramps Have Been Provided
➢ For The Easy Transportation Of Trolley To Parking.
➢ Seating Space For Courts Are Not Sufficient
➢ There Is No Provision For Surface Parking
➢ Fire Exit Plan For Individual Store And Floors Have Been Provided
➢ Fire Fighting Provision Is Good
➢ There Is No Provision
PACIFIC MALL, DELHI
COMPARATIVE
ANALYSIS
COMPARTITIVE ANALYSIS
FACTORS ELANTE MALL SELECT CITY WALK PACIFIC MALL
ENTRANCE LOBBY GRAND ENTRY NOT PROPERLY SUFFICIENT ENTRY
DEFINED
FLOOR TO FLOOR 5400 MM 3300 MM 3600 MM
HEIGHT
BASEMENT HEIGHT 4500 MM 2700 MM 2700MM
ESCALTORS 3 MAIN, 1 UNDER 3 2
CONST, 1 FOR STORE
LIFT 8 8 4
STAIRCASE 13 6 6
STORES 235 183 135
FRONT SETBACK 30
SIDE SETBACK 15 15
LANDSCAPING WELL DONE WELL DONE SUFFICIENT

PARKING INUFFICIENT (5000) SUFFICIENT (1300) SUFFICIENT (800)

BASEMENTS 3 3 2

SURFACE PARKING PROVIDED PROVIDED NOT PROVIDED

COMPARTITIVE ANALYSIS

FACTORS ELANTE MALL SELECT CITY WALK PACIFIC MALL

RAMPS 5 2 1

CORIDOOR WIDTH MIN 6000 MM AND MIN 2000 MM AND MIN 2000MM AND
FLUCTUATING FLUCTUATING FLUCTUATING
SKYLIGHTS YES NO NO
INNER SITTINGS SUFFICIENT INSUFFICENT INSUFFICIENT
SIGNAGES PROPER PROPER PROPER
FOOD COURT SITTING SUFFICIENT INSUFFICIENT INSUFFICIENT
CINEMA SCREENS 8 6 6
SERVICES ENTRIES PROPERLY DEMARKED PROPERLY DEMARKED PROPERLY DEMARKED
SERVICE BLOCKS DIFFERENT BLOCK ON TERRACE ON TERRACE
MIXED USE YES YES NO
DEVELOPMENT
PROTOTYPE
PLANNING
• The means of achieving this is normally based on the concept of "anchors," or "pulls,". These
merchandising units that have maximum appeal to the customer .
• The typical shopper is usually attracted to a center primarily by the type and range of merchandise
offered by the major department stores . This appeal is supplemented by the opportunity for
convenient comparison shopping in the many smaller or satellite stores .
• Because of the customer activity generated by the appeal of the department stores, these major
units are spaced at strategic spots, such as at each end of a one- or two-level pedestrian mall whose
length is lined on each side with the smaller satellite stores .
• The flow of customers from these major units to each other then draws people past the smaller stores,
where they stop enroute for impulse and comparative shopping .
• The key to this planning is the avoidance of any dead ends or out-of-the-way locations for the smaller
stores and the concentration of all shopping on clearly defined routes connecting with major
"anchors," or "pulls,“ i .e ., the department stores .
THE MALL
1. Enclosed malls have been in the form of huge courts ; they have been wide, narrow, straight,
circuitous, empty, or filled with amenities ; they have had one level or two or more levels ; and they
have been lighted by skylights or solely by artificial means.
2. The trend has been steadily away from wide malls and court-type malls . Currently widths of 30 to
40 ft are outnumbering widths of 50 ft or more.
3. The wider malls require more landscaping and features to avoid a barren atmosphere. They also
require more cubage and hence are less economical despite the possibility of high rents from
kiosks and similar features spotted along their lengths.
4. Narrow malls facilitate back and forth comparison shopping from one side to the other and hence
significantly aid the customer's exposure to the merchandise .
5. The length of malls generally should not be more than 800 ft (preferably less) between department
stores or other major features ; but, in the case of more than two department stores, total length
can be substantially more.
PARKING

In suburban areas where almost all the trade comes by automobile, a ratio of between 5 and 6 car
spaces per 1,000 sq ft of leasable store area is mandatory .
In the central business district, where mass transportation and walk-in trade can be counted on for a
substantial part of the clientele, the ratio can go down to as low as 2.5 to 3 cars per 1,000 sq ft .
In strip centers, customer parking is generally between the roadway and the line of storefronts .
In regional suburban centers, the parking normally is on grade and completely surrounding the.
shopping complex .
In central-business-district projects, because of very high land cost, the parking usually ties to be
multideck and is preferably contiguous, connecting directly with different levels of the center .
It can also, for further economy of land use, be above the retail floors on decks as roof parking ; or,
more customarily, it can be below the retail levels in basement or partial basement locations .
Two accessible parking lots with dimension 3600mm X 5000mm.
Parking should be within 30 meters of the main entrance the building.
Parking Bollards should be 1000 mm high, painted in contrasting color stripes with clear minimum gap of
1200 mm.
PARKING

1. In the case of multi-use central-business-district structures, the proper column spacing, requirements
of parking, merchandising, offices, and hotel use vary considerably, and the planning becomes
very involved .
2. There are a number of ramp systems for decked parking and various patterns of parking lanes or
bays for both ramped and grade parking.
3. In the case of grade parking, lanes or bays should generally be at right angles to the building
facades to enable shoppers to walk directly to the building complex without threading through
park.
4. The architect for the project should be more concerned with convenience, simplicity, and
customer's freedom of choice in selecting her route and parking procedure
5. Width of the footpath should 1800 mm and minimum clear unobstructed path should be 1200 mm.
6. Height of the footpath not to be more than 150 mm form the road level.
7. Width should not be less than 1200mm
8. Footpath flushed with roadway, at a gradient not exceeding that 1:12.

CAR PARKING CAR SPACES

(per 100m2 gross retail area)

Supermarkets, superstores 10-12

Shopping centres 4-5
CIRCULATION AND DOORS
Circulation Area
1. Corridors should have an unobstructed width of 1800mm.
2. Level differences should be beveled.
3. Thresholds and gratings should not be more that 10mm.
4. Protruding objects (more that 100mm form the wall) to be placed either in a niche or above
2100mm from the floor.
Door
1. Should provide a clear opening of 900mm.
2. Be fitted with lever action locks and D shape handles of circular section, between 800mm and
1000mm form floor level.
 AREA SPECIFICATIONS

Minimum area per person in various types of buildings

Occupancy
Assembly halls (closely seated)
Dance halls
Restaurants (dining areas)
Retail shops and showrooms
Department stores, bazaars
bargain sales areas
Offices
Area per person (m2 )
.46 @450mm c/c movable seats .60@ 500c/c
fixed seats
.55 to 0.90
.90 to 1.1
4.6 to 7.0
0.9 (including counters, etc.)
0.46 (gangway areas only)
9.3 (excluding stairs and lavatories)

Flow capacities of corridors and staircases

Occupancy Area per person (m2 )
General design purposes 0.8
People moving at good walking pace (1.3 m/s) 3.7
People moving at a shuffle (0.4 to 0.9 m/s). 0.27 - 0.37
People at a standstill due to obstruction 0.2
PLANNING GUIDELINES
1.Structural models Width (m) Notes
Small shops 10 – 12 m Mostly 11 m
Large-space users 15 – 20 m Depending on beam depth. Single-storey buildings –
larger spans
type sales area sales:ancillary area
small shops (less than 280 m2 sales 45:55
area)
Departmen 10000-20 000 m2 45:55.
5.Goods and m Notes t stores
service docks Variety 500 to 15 000 m 50:50
Typical provision Allowing stores
for large-space 1.5 m Supermarke The sales areas of large- 60:40,
user Two 15 m 10.7 each side ts space users range from
articulated 1000 to 2500 m2
lorries: width
Superstores 5000 – 10 000 m2 of
Minimum Approac selling space.
clearance height 4.7 h road
Hypermark at least 2500 m2 sales 60:40,
ets floor
Shopping 25 000 and 50 000 m2
centers GLA
Retail parks at least 4500 m2
CORIDOORS AND PASSAGES
1. Where stairways discharge through corridors and passageways, the height of corridors and
passageways shall be not less than 2.4 m.
2. All means of exit including staircases lifts lobbies and corridors shall be adequately ventilated.
3. Internal staircase minimum width shall be 2.0m in all group F building.
4. Pressurization of Staircases (Protected Escape Routes)
5. Pressurization is a method adopted for protected escape routes against ingress of smoke, especially
in high-rise buildings. In pressurization, air is injected into the staircases, lobbies or corridors, to raise
their pressure slightly above the pressure in adjacent parts of the building. As a result, ingress of smoke
or toxic gases into the escape routes will be prevented. The pressurization of staircases shall be
adopted for high rise buildings and building having mixed occupancy/multiplexes having covered
area.

EXTERNAL STAIRCASES
External stairs, when provided shall comply the following:
1. External stairs shall always be kept in sound operable conditions.
2. Ail external stairs shall be directly connected to the ground.
3. The external stairs shall be constructed of noncombustible materials,
4. No external staircase, used as a fire escape, shall be inclined at an angle greater than 45° from the
horizontal.
5. External stairs shall have straight flight not less than 1250 mm wide with 250 mm treads and risers not
more than 190 mm.
6. The number of risers shall be limited to 15 per flight.
7. Handrails shall be of a height not less than 1000 mm and not exceeding 1200 mm. There shall be
provisions of balusters with maximum gap of 150 mm.
8. The use of spiral staircase shall be limited to low occupant load and to a building not exceeding 9 m
in height.
9. A spiral stair case shall be not less than 1500 mm in diameter and shall be designed to give
adequate headroom.
AIR CONDITIONING, HEATING AND MECHANICAL VENTILATION
PLANNING DESIGN CRITERIA (Fundamental Requirements)
1. The object of installing ventilation and air conditioning facilities in buildings shall be to provide
conditions under which people can live in comfort, work safely and efficiently.
2. Ventilation and air conditioning installation shall aim at controlling and optimizing following factors in
the building:
• Air purity and filtration,
• Air movement, Relative humidity,
• Noise and vibration,
• Energy efficiency, and
• Fire safety.
VENTILATION SYSTEMS
1. A flow of 60m^3 is adequate for bathroom with toilet.
2. A flow of 30m^3 is adequate for a toilet.
3. Size of area through which air flows should be 100mm^2.
4. The cross section area for ventilation duct without mechanical extract should be 1500mm^2 per
room(up to 8 stories)
WATER REQUIREMENTS
STORE AND DESIGN LAYOUTS
WASTE DISPOSAL SERVICES
• Servicing involves the delivery of goods to the various stores and also the removal of trash and
garbage. In the simple strip center, the servicing is customarily by an alley in the rear of the strip of
stores . It is desirable to conceal the alley from adjacent neighborhood areas by a wall or
landscaping. Servicing is customarily by one of the following :
• Underground service tunnel, usually under the mall, connecting directly to tenant leased basements
which connect, in turn, to the stores above. This system avoids all unsightly trash, keeps parked trucks
out of the way, and avoids allocation of prime parking space to servicing. It also relegates non-selling
activities to the basement, reserving the main floor for sales.
• Service courts on the periphery of the building complex. These are usually partially shielded from
public view by masonry walls 6 to 10 ft high or higher .
• Over-the-curb and sidewalk directly from the street . This is the cheapest and uses the least lend, but
it requires rigid enforcement of cleanliness by the project management, delivery of merchandise and
removal of trash generally before or after business hours, and the mandatory inclusion of trash rooms
in each store.
• The use of strategically placed freight elevators is necessary. These usually connect to fireproof
passages at the rear of the stores (whether on an upper level or below grade) and often serve also
as fire exits . With this type of project, necessitating service corridors, service courts can usually be
fewer and more concentrated .
SUPER MARKET AND DESIGN LAYOUT
SUPER MARKET AND DESIGN LAYOUT
CINEMA AND DESIGN LAYOUT
CINEMA AND DESIGN LAYOUT
CINEMA AND DESIGN LAYOUT
FOOD COURT AND DESIGN LAYOUTS
FOOD COURT AND DESIGN LAYOUTS
GENERAL DESIGN CRITERAS
1. Column Spacing
Significant dimension is along the mall as this involves the widths, i .e ., frontages, of stores . Often used
spaces are 20, 25 and 30ft, with the last the roost flexible . Dimension from mall to rear of store can be
set by the most economical structural system . It is essential to arrive at the most economical structural
system, as the roof is a major cost factor .
2. Store Depths
For one-story stores, buildings are usually 120 to 140 ft deep, sometimes more to accommodate larger
stores . If there are basements or mezzanines, the depth dimension usually can be reduced 20 to 25
percent.
3. Clear Heights
These vary from 10 to 14 ft or more, with 12 ft a good average . Above this clear height, there must be
adequate space for air conditioning ducts, recessed lights, structural system, etc .
4. Ducts and Shafts
The shells of the buildings must be flexible enough to accommodate any reasonable tenant
requirements . It is essential that the mechanical engineer set up a schedule of the location and sizes of
the principal duct runs and shafts to avoid serious future space problems. This requirement includes
special exhaust ventilation through the roof and all other mechanical items that can be anticipated as
to design and length of runs . Individual plants in each store require roof space, cooling towers, etc .
5. Roof Equipment Concealment
The inexcusable eyesores so often seen can be avoided by proper coordination of work between the
leasing agent, the architect, and the mechanical engineer and the resulting provision of properly
located and designed roof screens and enclosures .
7. Exterior Walls
As these may have, depending on each store's requirements, service doors, public entrance doors,
trash rooms, show windows, etc ., a modular design that can suitably accommodate for visual effect
any of these features is very desirable . Show windows and public entrances are rare on parking lot
facades, as it has been found that the great majority of customers enter stores from the mall rather than
directly from the parking lot . Public entrances from the parking lot usually occur only for department
stores, for stores open on Sundays, and for such tenants as restaurants, drugstores, and the like .