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LITERATURE
STUDY
SHOPPING MALL WITH MULTIPLEX
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• DEFINITION OF MULTIPLEX(oxford): a

INTRODUCTION large cinema/movie theater with several

separate rooms with screens (or)
• A shopping mall is a modern, chiefly North • A building, especially a movie theater or
American, term for a form of shopping precinct dwelling, with multiple separate units.
or shopping center, in which one or more • Theatres are of different types. Now a
buildings form a complex of shops representing days we can find four types of theatres.
merchandisers with interconnecting walkways They are
that enable customers to walk from unit to
unit. Multiplex
IMAX
Independ
ent &
second-
run
Drive-in
theatres
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HISTOR
19th century shops... Y
• For wealthy women shopping was a popular
pastime in the 19th century. In the late 19th
century shopping arcades were built in many
British towns. Also in the late 19th century
department stores became common. In the
early 20th century chain stores also became
common although many shops were still family
owned.

Modern time shops...

• A shopping mall is a term, in which one
or more buildings form a complex of
shops representing merchandisers with
interconnecting walkways that enable
customers to walk from unit to unit.
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First shopping mall in
India...
SPENCER PLAZA, CHENNAI...
• Type – shopping mall and commercial
offices.
• Architectural style – Modernism.
• Location – anna salai, chennai, INDIA.
• Constructed started – 1863.
• Total floor – 8.
• Floor area – 1,068,000 sq ft (99,000 sq
m).
• ARCHITECT – C.R. Narayana Rao & co.
• Developer – Mangal tirth.
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SETBA REQUIREMENTS OF
CK MULTIPLEX

• G.O.NO. 486

ENTRANCE&EX
Suitable means of entrance and
ITwhich
exit .. shall not be :
•Less than 5m width and 2.5m
in height for use of the public
and, to access of the fire fighting
vehicles in the road frontage.
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PARKING SPACE
The parking may be provided in
• basements or cellars or
• on stilt floor or
• in open spaces.
For parking in open spaces, the
minimum required setbacks (except
front) to be left around the building
with adequate vehicular access, aisle,
drives, ramps, required for
maneuvering of vehicles.
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PARKING PARKING
TYPES LAYOUTS FOR
ANY PUBLIC
BUILDING

MATRIC HANDBOOK
T.S.S
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COLUMN SPACING PARKING AND TRAFFIC
• Significant dimension is along the mall as this • A ratio of between 5 and 6 car spaces per 1,000
involves the widths, i.e. , frontages, of stores. sq. ft. of leasable store area is mandatory.
• Often used spaces are 20, 25 and 30 ft., with • In the matter of parking layout, car stalls can be
the last the most flexible set at angles (say, 70‘ to the lanes, which then
requires one-way traffic; or stalls can be at 90'
to the lanes, permitting two-way traffic.
STORE DEPTHS
• Buildings are usually 120 to 140 ft deep,
sometimes more to accommodate larger
stores .
• If there are basements or mezzanines, the
depth dimension usually can be reduced 20 to
25 percent

CLEAR HEIGHTS
• These vary from 10 to 14 ft. or more, with 12
Ft. a good average . Above this clear height,
there must be adequate space for air
conditioning ducts, recessed lights, structural
e system, etc.
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SHOP SIZES &
• 12LAYOUTS
to 15 ft wide by 50 to 60 ft long in large cities
; and 15 to 18 ft. wide by 60 to 80 ft long in
smaller cities .
• These dimensions apply particularly to shops in
100 percent retail districts .
• Basements 8 to 9 ft high, in the clear, permit
economical stock storage .
• Ground floors are preferably approximately 12
ft high If no mezzanine is included ; mezzanines
at least 7 ft6 inch above floor level will
accommodate most fixture heights.
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1.Structural models Width (m) Notes 4.Typical floor kN/m2
loading
Small shops 5.3 to 6.0 Mostly 5.4 m
Depending on beam depth. Single-storey Shop sales area 5
buildings –larger spans
Shop storage 10
Large-space users 7.3 to 9.2
Design load for service 20
yard
2.Clear Height(m) To underside
ceiling of beams

Small shops 3.3 to 3.8 Sales area

3.2 to 3.6 Non-
sales
area
Large-space 3.6 min. With floor:
users floor spacing
4 to 5 m
3.Car parking Car spaces per
100 m2 gross
retail area
Staff facilities (general guide only)
Supermarkets, superstores 10-12 METRIC HANDBOOK
Staff numbers: net sales areas, 1: 50 m2 to 1: 80 m2
- david alder
Shopping centres 4-5
PLANNING
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CIRCULATION:-
Minimum area per person in various types of
buildings

Area per person to be allowed in various circulation areas

Flow capacities of corridors and staircases

 CORRIDORS AND 12

PASSAGEWAYS Pressurization of Staircases (Protected Escape Routes)

• Where stairways discharge through corridors
and passageways, the height of corridors and •Pressurization is a method adopted for protected
passageways shall be not less than 2.4 m. escape routes against ingress of smoke, especially in
high-rise buildings.
• All means of exit including staircases lifts
lobbies and corridors shall be adequately •In pressurization, air is injected into the staircases,
lobbies or corridors, to raise their pressure slightly above
ventilated. the pressure in adjacent parts of the building.
• Internal staircase minimum width shall •As a result, ingress of smoke or toxic gases into the
be escape routes will be prevented.
2.0m in all group of building.
ARRANGEMENT OF
EXITS TURNING SPACE
Exits shall be so located ESCALATORS AND PASSENGER
that the travel, Most wheelchairs require a space CONVEYORS
distance on the floor 1.4 m square to turn around.
shall not exceed the
distance of 30m.
Rain Water Harvesting 13

• Since June 2001, the Ministry of Urban affairs and

Poverty Alleviation has made rainwater harvesting
mandatory in all new buildings with a roof area of more
than 100 sq m and in all plots with an area of more than
1000 sq m, that are being developed

Rain Water Harvesting tank

WIDTH/SLOPE OF RAMP :
•the clear width leading to the
basement is 4m.
With an adequate slope not steeper
than 1:10.
•for entry and exit separate ramps
of clear width
of 4m, each shall be provided.
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LIFE
• SAFETY
General Exit Requirements
An exit may be a doorway; corridor passageway(s) to an
internal staircase, or external staircase or horizontal landing.
• Lifts and escalators shall not be considered as exits.
• Exits shall be clearly visible and the route to reach the exits
shall be clearly marked and signs posted to guide the
occupants of the floor concerned.
• Fire doors with 2 h fire resistance shall be provided at
appropriate places along the escape route.

SANITARY INSTALLATIONS
• Sanitary facilities for customers in shops and
shopping malls having a net sales area more
than 1000 m2 and assuming equal numbers of
male and female customers.

METRIC HANDBOOK
- david alder
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Provision of Facilities Off-set entrance maze without do or
(a) Soap Dispensers s
(b) Litterbins
(c) Electronic Hand-Dryers/Paper Towel Dispensers
(d) Toilet Paper Dispensers
(e) Toilet Seat Sanitizers/Covers
(f) Water Tap Points within Cubicles
(g) Air Fresheners
(h) WC / Urinal Sanitizers
(i) Coat Hooks • The ratio of fittings in
(j) Cleaning Attendant’s Sink & Equipment StorageSpace male and female
toilets shall be 3:5, for
example, 1 WC and
For toilets, the provision of the following 2Urinals for male: 5
user-friendly features is strongly recommended. WC.s for female which
(a) Accessible Toilet is in accordance to
(b) Toilet for the Ostomates. the NEA’s COPEH.
(c) Baby Seats
(d) Diaper Changing Stations
(e) Urinals and WC’s for Children
(g) Signages for cubicle doors
(h) Full-Length Mirrors
(i) Waiting Areas
 Ventilation
• The exhaust air should be discharged to the
exterior of the building at a position at
least 2 m above the pavement level and at
least 5 m from any window or fresh air
intake.
• For natural ventilation, suitable fresh air
inlet grilles shall be provided to ensure an
• air exchange rate of 5 air changes per
hour.
Examples of good materials for toilets: - 16
(a) Floor
Non-slip ceramic tiles, natural stone, homogeneous tiles,
terrazzo.
(b)Wall
Ceramic tiles, natural stone, homogeneous tiles, stainless
steel, enamelled steel panels, glass block, aluminium
panels, phenolic cladding.
(c) Ceiling
Mineral fibre board, fibrous plaster board,
Aluminium panels or strips
-A Guide to Better Public Toilet
Design and Maintenance
Third Edition 2013
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2. Required to be
installed in basement
if area of basement
exceed s200 sqmt.
4 .Additional value
given in parenthesis
shall be added if
basement area
exceeds200sqmt.
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PLAN SHAPES PROPOSED FOR

MALLS
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STANDARDS
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THEAT
RE
ZONE
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room behind the screens

can be installed, or two way
projection rooms for back-
toback screens.
•Projection rooms require
a separate system of
mechanical or natural
ventilation, water cooling
facilities, suitable
positioned lighting and
sufficient heating (or
cooling) to maintain a
minimum temperature of
10°C.
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Screens
• The aim should be to use as large a screen
as possible, up to the limits defined either
by given maxima or width of seating.
• The proportions are 1:1.75 height to
width and black masking is used around the
edges to preserve the maximum brightness
on the screen.
• Screen construction is generally pvc or
metalized fabric stretched over a metal
frame. It should be remembered that the
surface will deteriorate over time.
• A minimum depth of 1.35m is
required behind the screens for the
installation of speakers.
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p = lowest and nearest point on stage
clearly visible by audience,
 HD = horizontal distance between eyes in
successive audience rows,
 EH = average audience eye height above
floor, E height between eye and top of head,
 D = distance from eye of person in front row to P.
 The maximum comfortable amount the head can
be turned from the seat centreline is 30°
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• • An theatre width should not exceed
approximately twice that of the screen
and its length no more than three times
the screen width.
• • To achieve the best sound quality the
opposite surfaces of floors, ceilings and
walls should not be parallel to each other.
• • Where the ideal fan shape is not
possible, singular angled walls, raked
ceilings or acoustically absorbent features
Projection rooms Traditionally these were divided into can be used.
separate
compartments they are:
 rewinding and projecting film.
 dimmer room or sound and light control
room – 2mx3.5m
 battery room.
 spotlight room – 3.9mx7.5m
 Workshop.
 store room ----------- each forming a 6-10m2.
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 The minimum sizes of projection rooms are:

 Minimum equipment: 3.9 - 4 m,
 With effects lantern and spotlight: 3.9 - 7.5 m,
 Typical commercial cinema: 6.6 - 7.3 m.
 Floor-to-ceiling height should be not less than
6.4 m.

Additional
accommodation
•Other requirements in the
design layout of a cinema
include:
 plant room.
 staff rooms and facilities.
 cleaners' store.
 manager's office.
 film store.
 kiosk stock room .
 refrigeration for ice
creams.
 projection booths.
 a treasury secure cash
room.
Row to row dimension and
clearway with fixed seating.
HEIGHT OF SCREEN ABOVELOOR
LEVEL
• Minimum – 0.6m
• Maximum – 1.5m
ROW SPCING AND AISLES
• Minimum spacing between rows – 0.8m
• Maximum – 1m to 1.2m
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Row to row dimension and
clearway with tipped-up seating
A gangway or passage
must be at least 1.2 m
wide and they shall be
provided at least one in
the centre and one on
each side.

ACOUSTI
•
CS Projection screen and the loud
speakers behind it should be at a height
enough to cover entire audience.
• Back side of the screen and surroundings
of the screen be “ Black and absorptive” to
prevent lightreflections.
• Projection- Booth&Noise should not
enter audience section, hence inside of the
booth be made highly absorbent and
window- glasses be properly sealed.
• Amplifiers to be behind the screen be made
absorptive.
• Avoid echo- producing corners and reflections
from balcony-aprons.
• Amplifiers at the rear should not be closer to
the seats
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General servicing
• Illumination of seating areas and
gangways is required during the
film programme but none of the light
should fall on the screen or
walls.
• Acoustic separation is necessary at
entrances to each theatre and
also between the projection rooms. At
entrances, this is achieved
with lobbies and sound reducing door
sets.
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Restaurants and Eateries

• Food courts are most common
amenities provided in any of
the multiplexes or malls.
Interior spaces of a food court
can be divided
• into 3 major areas:
• Dining area
• Kitchen
• Pantry and
• Storage area •Dining constitutes major area in the food court and kitchen
should be 50% of dining area while storage can be 1.5-2 times
that of kitchen.
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Hang-out spaces
These include:
• Bowling alleys,
• Convention centers
• Pubs, and
• Gaming zones
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BOWLING
ALLEYS