Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport

Department of Roads

Bridge Branch

Limit State of Serviceability

RCC T Girder

Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration

स्थानीय सडक पल ु सहयोग इकाई
Department of Local Infrastructure Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
 The main question

WHICH LOADS, LOAD

FACTORS AND COMBINATION
TO TAKE…??

Department of Roads
Bridge Branch Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
Department of Roads
Bridge Branch Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
 Factored / Combined BM for
Ultimate Strength Design (Table B2)

Department of Roads
Bridge Branch Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
Department of Roads
Bridge Branch Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
Department of Roads
Bridge Branch Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
 32 mm dia – 16 numbers
= 12,686 mm2

Department of Roads
Bridge Branch Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
What is the stress in steel (calculated for 8731 KNm)
for new BM (6163.9 KNm) under Rare Combination?

6163.9 / (Lever Arm) = Force under

rare combination

Stress = Force (R) / Ast

Department of Roads
Bridge Branch Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
Why CRACK ?

Steel is more elastic than concrete.

When steel is monolithically bonded with concrete and

that combined matter is pulled apart, concrete can not
elongate as steel.

So a crack occurs in concrete.

Crack width is the difference between “Strain of

materials”
Department of Roads
Bridge Branch Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
Department of Roads
Bridge Branch Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
Department of Roads
Bridge Branch Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
 4014.2.9 / (Lever Arm) = Force under Q Comb.

Stress = Force (Q) / Ast

Department of Roads
Bridge Branch Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
Department of Roads
Bridge Branch Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
Department of Roads
Bridge Branch Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
 (BM for Fatigue)/ (Lever Arm) = Force under R Comb.

Stress = Force (R) / Ast

Department of Roads
Bridge Branch Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
 Lets look into an example

Department of Roads
Bridge Branch Local Roads Bridge Support Unit
 Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport
Department of Roads

Bridge Branch

Lets always keep learning

and
Lets us move ahead

Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration

स्थानीय सडक पल ु सहयोग इकाई
Department of Local Infrastructure Local Roads Bridge Support Unit