3.7. sainformacio sistemebi. sistemis cneba.

sistemebis klasifikacia
dReisaTvis literaturaSi sistemis cnebis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli ganmarteba ar arsebobs. sxvadasxva avtori
mas sxvadasxvagvarad ganmartavs, Tumca ganmartebis dedaazri erTia. sistema (xelovnuri sistema) aris
garkveuli wesiT urTierTdakavSirebuli elementebis, qvesistemebis erToblioba, romelic Seqmnilia
winaswar dasaxuli miznis gansaxorcieleblad. magaliTad, nebismieri samrewvelo sawarmo, saswavlo
dawesebuleba, xelovnuri Tanamgzavri da sxv. imisda mixedviT, Tu mkvlevari-subieqti rogor mimarTebaSi
ganixilavs ama Tu im obieqts, aRniSnuli obieqti SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc sistema an qvesistema.
magaliTad, Tu Cven romelime sawarmos ganvixilavT dargis an mTlianad erovnuli ekonomikis
mimarTebaSi, maSin es sawarmo gvevlineba rogorc qvesistema, xolo aRniSnuli sawarmo ganxiluli misi
struqturuli qveganyofilebebis mimarTebaSi, warmoadgens sistemas. TiToeul sistemas gaaCnia dayofisa da
mTlianobis Tviseba. dayofis Tviseba niSnavs, rom sistema SeiZleba warmovadginoT rogorc calkeuli
nawilebisagan (qvesistemebisagan) Semdgari, romlis TiToeuli qvesistema funqcionirebs rogorc
damoukidebeli. rogorc sistemas, ise mis calkeul elements (qvesistemas), gaaCnia mizani, romelic mimarTulia
sistemis saerTo miznis warmatebiT gansaxorcieleblad. damoukidebeli qvesistemebis gamoyofa aadvilebs
misi funqcionirebis analizs, SemuSavebas, danergvasa da eqsploatacias.
sistemis mTlianobis Tvisebebi miuTiTebs sistemis miznis SeTanxmebulobas qvesistemebis calkeul
miznebTan.
sistemebis klasifikacia SeiZleba movaxdinoT sxvadasxva niSnebis mixedviT: warmoSobis, struqturuli
Sedgenilobis, mdgradobis, daniSnulebis, marTvis funqciebis avtomatizaciis donis da a.S.
warmoSobis mixedviT ganasxvaveben xelovnur da bunebriv sistemebs. xelovnur sistemebs qmnis
adamiani. masve SeuZlia sistemis gafarToeba, gamartiveba an mTlianad gaumeba. magaliTad, nebismieri
saswavlo dawesebuleba, xelovnuri Tanamgzavri, kvleviTi institutebi da sxv.
xolo, rac Seexeba bunebriv sistemebs, es sistemebi moqmedeben adamianis nebis damoukideblad. adamians
SeuZlia am sistemebis Secnoba da gamoyeneba, mag:, klimati ama Tu im geografiul adgilSi. xelovnuri
sistemis elementebi da Sesabamisad, parametrebi Zalian swrafad icvleba, bunebrivi sistemebis ki nela.

struqturis mixedviT ganasxvaveben martiv, rTul da, urTules sistemebs. Mმartivი ewodeba iseT sistemas,
romlis elementebs Soris kavSirebi calmxrivia da misi struqturis dadgena advilia (magaliTad, magida, saxli).
rTuli ewodeba iseT sistemas, romlis elementebs Soris kavSirebi ormxrivia da misi struqturis dadgena
SedarebiT gaZnelebulia.MmagaliTad, nebismieri samrewvelo sawarmo an sxva saxis organizaciuli sistema,
kompiuteri da sxv. urTulesia sistema, Tu mis elementebs Soris kavSiri ormxrivia da misi struqturis dadgena
TiTqmis SeuZlebeli. aseT sistemas miekuTvneba cocxali materia da maT Soris adamiani.
mdgradobis mixedviT gamoyofen statikur da dinamikur sistemebs. statikuri sistemis elementebi pirobiTad
SeiZleba CavTvaloT ucvlelad. dinamikuri sistemis elementebi mudmivi cvlilebis procesSi imyofebian.
nebismieri sawarmo miekuTneba rTul dinamikur sistemaTa klass.
daniSnulebis mixedviT sistemebi mravalgvaria, ramdenadac is miznebi da amocanebi, romelTa
gadasawyvetad Seqmnilia es sistema, mravalia. mag., samecniero-kvleviTi daniSnulebis sistemebi,
kosmosuri sivrcis kvlevis sistemebi da sxv.Y
sistemebi marTvis procesebis meqanizaciisa da avtomatizaciis donis mixedviT SeiZleba davyoT:
sistemebad, romelSiac informaciis Segrovebisa da damuSavebis mTeli cikli xorcieldeba xeliT an martivi
teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT. aseT sistemebs xelis sainformacio sistemebi ewodeba; sistemebs,
romelSiac yvela informaciuli proceduris Sesruleba warmoebs sxvadasxva teqnikuri saSualebebis
gamoyenebiT da gadawyvetilebis miReba xdeba adamianis mier, avtomatizebuli sainformacio sistemebi
ewodeba. aseT sistemebSi adamianis monawileoba marTvis procesSi aucilebelia, vinaidan saboloo
gadawyvetilebas samarTavi obieqtis darRveuli wonasworobis AaRgenis an misi parametrebis Secvlis
Sesaxeb iRebs adamiani. adamiani aseTi sistemebis ZiriTad elements warmoadgens da misi avtomaturi
marTva SeuZlebelia. avtomatizebuli sainformacio sistemebi iqmnebian organizaciul-ekonomikuri
daniSnulebis obieqtebis marTvis avtomatizaciisaTvis, romelSic adamiani informatizaciis teqnikur
saSualebebs iyenebs mxolod informaciis damuSavebis procesebis dasaCqareblad. dabolos avtomaturia
sainformacio sistemebi, romelSiac informaciis Segrovebisa da damuSavebis mTeli cikli xorcieldeba realuri
drois reJimSi, avtomaturad da miwodebuli damuSavebuli informaciis safuZvelze kompiuteri iRebs
gadawyvetilebas samarTavi obieqtis erTi mdgomareobidan meoreSi gadayvanis, an arsebulis SenarCunebis
mizniT. adamiani aseT sistemaSi asrulebs makontroleblis rols, Tvalyurs adevnebs teqnikuri saSualebebis
gamarTul muSaobas da ereva marTvis procesSi im SemTxvevaSi, Tu romelime teqnikuri saSualeba gamova
mwyobridan. aseTi saxis sainformacio sistemebi iqmnebian teqnikuri xasiaTis obieqtebis marTvis
avtomatizaciis mizniT (mag., brZmedebis, dazgebis, teqnlogiuri procesebis marTva da sxv.).
nebismieri sistema da maT Soris ekonomikuri xasiaTis, saWiroebs marTvas. amdenad, aseT sistemebs
marTvis sistemebi ewodeba. nebismieri marTvis sistema zogadad SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc mmarTveli da
samarTav qvesistemaTa erToblioba. vinaidan marTva aris informaciuli procesi da gulisxmobs mmarTveli
sistemis samarTav qvesistemaze mizandasaxul zemoqmedebas, amitom mmarTvel sistemas marTvis
ganxorcieleba SeuZlia mxolod ukukavSiris saSualebiT, samarTavi obieqtis faqtiuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb
miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze. mmarTvel da samarTav qvesistemebs Soris kavSiris damyareba
SesaZlebelia mxolod sainformacio sistemis saSualebiT. sainformacio sistema warmoadgens samarTavi
obieqtis Sesaxeb informaciis Segrovebis, gadacemis da damuSavebis sakomunikacio sistemas, romelic
uzrunvelyofs sxvadasxva rangis marTvis muSakebs marTvis funqciis gansaxorcieleblad saWiro informaciiT.
amrigad, marTvis procesi gulisxmobs monacemebis miRebas samarTavi obieqtis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb,
monacemebis damuSavebasa da damuSavebuli monacemebis Sedegad miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze
gadawyvetilebis miRebas. TiToeuli samarTavi obietisaTvis efeqturi sainformacio sistemis Seqmna
iTvaliswinebs marTvis doneebs Soris gansxvavebas da, Sesabamisad, awvdis marTvis doneebs im
informacias, romelic aucilebelia marTvis funqciis efeqtianad ganxorcielebisTvis.
gamoyenebis sferoebis mixedviT gamoyofen Semdegi saxis sainformacio sistemebs; samecniero-kvleviTi,
avtomatizebuli daproeqtebis, organizaciuli obieqtebisa da teqnologiuri procesebis marTvis.
samecniero-kvleviTi sainformacio sistemebis daniSnulebaa, mecnier-kadrebis saqmianobis avtomatizacia
(statistikuri informaciis analizi da sxv). avtomatizebuli daproeqtebis sainformacio sistemis daniSnulebaa
inJiner-damproeqteblebisa da axali teqnikis da teqnologiis SemmuSavebuli kadrebis saqmianobis Sesrulebis
avtomatizacia. aseTi saxis sainformacio sistemaSi xorcieldeba axali nakeTobis daproeqtebis da warmoebis
samuSaoTa avtomatizacia. sxvadasxva sainJinro gaangariSebis (nakeTobis warmoebisaTvis saWiro
materialuri, SromiTi da fuladi resursebis xarjvis normebis gaangariSebis) avtomatizacia, sxvadasxva dazga-
danadgarebis avtomaturi marTvis programebis SemuSaveba.
organizaciuli xasiaTis obieqtebis sainformacio sistemebis daniSnulebaa marTvis personalis funqciebis
Sesrulebis avtomatizacia. aRniSnuli klasis obieqtebs miekuTvneba, rogorc sawarmoo, ise arasawarmoo
daniSnulebis warmoeba_dawesebulebebi (samrewvelo sawarmoebi, soflis meurneobis sawarmoebi, bankebi,
birJebi da sxv.).
teqnologiuri procesebis marTvis sainformacio sistemebs miekuTvneba sxvadasxva teqnologiuri procesebis
marTvis avtomaturi sistemebi (mag. brZmedebis, energo sistemebis, dazgebis da a. S.). monacemebis
damuSavebis tipur procedurebs miekuTvneba: monacemebis Segroveba, registracia, monacemebis datana
manqanur matareblebze, monacemebis gadacema, monacemebis Setana kompiuterSi, Setanis kontroli,
mexsierebaSi Setanili monacemebis komponireba. Siga manqanuri informaciuli bazis Seqmna da warmoeba,
kompiuterze informaciis damuSaveba (dagroveba, mowesrigeba, koreqtireba, amorCeva, ariTmetikuli da
logikuri damuSaveba, informaciis gamotana manqanogramebis, videogramebis, signalebis, impulsebisa da
bgerebis saxiT).
aparatuli sistemis konfiguracia qmnis gamoTvliTi sistemis topologias. monacemTa damuSavebis sistemam
SeiZleba imuSaos Semdeg reJimSi: paketur, interaqtiul, realuri droisa da ganawilebul reJimebSi.
paketuri reJimisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia is, rom momxmarebels monacemebis damuSavebis Sedegebi
miewodeba paketSi gaerTianebul davalebaTa Sesrulebis Semdeg. aRniSnuli sistemis magaliTia
sagadasaxado inspeqciaSi monacemebis damuSaveba. uaryofiT mxares warmoadgens is, rom
momxmarebels ar aqvs saSualeba operatiulad CaerTos monacemebis damuSavebis procesSi da miiRos
saTanado mmarTvelobiTi gadawyvetileba. interaqtiul (dialogur) reJimSi muSaobisas warmoebs
SetyobinebaTa gacvla momxmarebelsa da gamoTvliT sistemas Soris. momxmarebeli aanalizebs gamoTvliTi
sistemis mier gamotanil moTxovnas da miRebul gadawyvetilebasUYSeitans sistemaSi, monacemebis
Semdgomi damuSavebis mizniT. (mag., materialuri, SromiTi da fuladi resursebis mravalvariantulad
gamoyenebis Sesaxeb).
realuri drois reJimi gamoiyeneba iseTi obieqtebis marTvisaTvis, sadac saWiroa Seqmnili situaciidan
gamomdinare gadawyvetilebis swrafad miReba. mag., globalur sabanko qsel S.W.I.F.TSi sabanko operaciebis
gadacemisa da damuSavebis dros, an kidev uwyveti teqnologiuri procesebis marTvisas.Q
monacemTa ganawilebuli damuSavebisas, monacemebis damuSaveba warmoebs qselSi CarTul
avtomatizebul samuSao adgilebze. TiToeul avtomatizebul samuSao adgilze Seqmnilia lokalur monacemTa
bazebi. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia centralur monacemTa baziT sargebloba, informaciis gacvla
bazebs Soris.
ukanasknel periodSi gadasvla daiwyo monacemTa damuSavebis ierarqiul modelze _ `klient-serveri~.
sainformacio sistemebis meoTxe Taoba imyofeba sawyis etapze, rac gulisxmobs personaluri kompiuterebis
potencialis srul gamoyenebas monacemTa damuSavebisa da Senaxvis centralizaciis safuZvelze.
nebismieri sainformacio sistemis daproeqtebis sawyis etapze unda moxdes samarTavi obieqtis amsaxveli
masalebis Segroveba da analizi, romlis mixedviTac unda dadgindes samarTavi obieqtis gare samyarosTan
informaciuli kavSirebi, misi gafarTovebis perspeqtivis gaTvaliswinebiT. samarTavi sistemis funqcionaluri
struqturidan gamomdinare dgeba funqciuri qvesistemebis muSaobis realizaciis maTematikuri modeli da
amocanebis gadawyvetis algoriTmebi. Semdeg ganisazRvreba saWiro da aucilebeli informaciis Sedgeniloba,
misi organizaciis xerxebi, warmoebs Sesabamisi teqnikuri da programuli uzrunvelyofis SemuSaveba.
zustdeba marTvis personalis movaleoba-valdebulebebi, organizaciuli struqtura. SemuSavebuli sainformacio
sistema moiTxovs danergvas da yoveldRiur eqsploatacias. danergva SeiZleba moxdes, an TandaTanobiT
struqturuli qveganyofilebebisa da funqciuri amocanebis mixedviT, an kidev mTlianad. es damokidebulia jer
erTi damproeqtebelTa jgufSi Semavali specialistebis raodenobaze, meorec, danergvisas, proeqtis Sedgenisas
SesaZlo Secdomebis aRmofxvris aucileblobiT. danergvis xangrZlivoba arCeuli danergvis meTodidan
gamomdnare SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva. monacemebis damuSaveba danergvis periodSi paralelurad
mimdinareobs axali sistemis danergvamde arsebuli teqnologiebiTac, rac iZleva garantias Tavidan aviciloT
axali sistemis danergvis periodSi samarTavi obieqtis muSaobaSi SesaZlo esa Tu is Seferxeba.
gare samyarosTan mimarTebSi ganasxvavben daxurul, naxevrad daxurul da Ria sistemebs.
daxuruli sistema iseTi sistemaa, rodesac arc sistema ganicdis garemos zemoqmedebas da arc sistema
moqmedebs garemoze. praqtikaSi aseT saxis sistemebi ar gvxdeba.
naxevrad Ria sistemebs garemosTan gaaCniaT SezRuduli urTierToba. aseT sistemebs gaaCniaT mxolod
sistemaSi Sesasvleli da gamosasvleli.
Ria sistemis SemTxvevaSi sistemasa da garemos urTierToba ganisazRvreba mravali faqtoriT. garemos
zemoqmedeba sistemaze SeiZleba iyos dadebiTi an uaryofiTi. mag., qveyanaSi arsebuli kargi sagadasaxado
sistema xels uwyobs biznesis ganviTarebas, dadebiTad moqmedebs biznesis ganviTarebaze. sistemis
normaluri funqcionirebis mizniT saWiroa SemuSavdes kontrolis meqanizmi. kontroli aucilebelia, imdenad,
ramdenadac sistemis normaluri muSaoba SeiZleba Seferxdes gauTvaliswinebeli faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT
(masalebis Mmowdebis grafikis darRveva, konkurentebis gauTvaliswinebeli moqmedeba, momwodebel
saxelmwifoSi politikuri mdgomareobis gauareseba da sxv.). kontrolis ganxorcieleba unda moxdes
ukukavSiris meSveobiT. am SemTxvevaSi sistemis arsebuli mdgomareoba udardeba standarts (gegmas,
dasaxul mizans). Sedarebis Sedegi SeiZleba aRmoCndes dadebiTi an uaryofiTi, an kidev Sedegi daemTxves
standarts.
3.8. sainformacio sistemebi da maTi struqtura
Tanamedrove moTxovnilebaTa doneze nebismieri daniSnulebis socialur-ekonomikuri sistemis marTvis
ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia am sistemis monacemTa avtomatizebuli damuSavebis gareSe, romlis ZiriTadi
daniSnulebaa marTvis sistemis uzrunvelyofa informaciuli baziT, romelic sainformacio sistemis
Semadgeneli nawilia. sainformacio sistemaSi Cven vgulisxmobT ara marto sasurveli informaciis moZebnas
(sainformaciosaZiebo sistema), aramed monacemebis damuSavebasac da saoptimizacio amocanebis
amoxsnasac. amrigad, sainformacio sistemam unda moicvas rogorc sainformacio-saZiebo sistemebi, aseve
sacnobaro-gamomTvleli sistemebi. iseT sistemebSi, sadac marTvis ganxorcieleba warmoebs xeliT,
informaciis moZebna da damuSavebac xorcieldeba xeliT marTvis procesi ar atarebs optimalur xasiaTs. es
xdeba imitom, rom adamianis SesaZleblobebi informaciis aRqmisa da damuSavebis sferoSi SemosazRvrulia.
amdenad, dasamuSavebeli rCeba informaciis didi nawili. arasruli informaciis safuZvelze miRebuli
gadawyvetileba ar aris optimaluri. aRniSnuli naklovanebis aRmosafxvrelad kompiuteris bazaze ekonomikis
sxvadasxva sferosa da marTvis doneze iqmneba monacembis avtomatizebuli damuSavebis sistemebi,
romlebic warmoadgenen kompiuteris ekonomikurmaTematikuri meTodebisa da informaciis moxsnis,
registraciis, gadacemis, Senaxvis, moZebnisa da gamravlebis, mowinave teqnikur saSualebaTa erTobliobas,
romlis drosac miiRweva optimaluri marTva.
yvelaze martivi saxis sacnobaro-sainformaciuli sistemaa magaliTad, ubis wignaki. Tu wignakSi Cawerili
informacia moZvelda, maSin misi mflobeli wignakSi mas waSlis. sacnobaro-sainformacio სისტემის კიდევ
ერთი მაგალითია enciklopedia. ubnis wignakisagan gansxvavebiT masSi inaxeba garkveuli wesiT
dalagebuli didi moculobis informacia. enciklopediaSi dafiqsirebuli informaciis ganaxleba pirdapiri gagebiT
ar warmoebs. sainformacio sistemis ZiriTadi komponentebia garkveuli wesiT organizebuli informaciuli fondi
da ena, romelzedac Cawerilia informacia.
Tu sainformacio sistemaSi gaTvaliswinebulia mxolod informaciis moZebna, maSin aseT sistemas
sainformacio-saZiebo sistema ewodeba. xolo, Tu am sistemaSi damatebiT warmoebs informaciis
damuSavebac, maSin aseT sistemas sacnobaro-gamomTvleli sistema ewodeba. garda zemoTaRniSnuli
komponentebisa sainformacio sistema moicavs sxvadasxva procedurebs (marTvis, Seqmnis, ganaxlebis,
moZebnis, gamoTvlebisa da sxv.).
sainformacio sistemebi masSi dafiqsirebuli informaciis moZebnis wesis mixedviT iyofa: meqanikur,
eleqtromeqanikur da eleqtronul anu avtomatizebul sistemebad. მექანიკური სისტემის magaliTia
biblioTekaSi meqanikuri moqmedebis karToteka. Eeleqtromeqanikuri moqmedebis karTotekis magaliTia
rkinigzis sadgurSi ramdenime wlis winaT gamoyenebuli matareblebis moZraobis grafikisa da mgzavrobis
Rirebulebis specialuri mowyobiloba. eleqtronuli moZebnis sistema gvaqvs im SemTxvevaSi, roca
informaciis Senaxva da moZebna warmoebs kompiuteris gamoyenebiT. magaliTad: sxvadasxva daniSnulebis
avtomatizebuli sainformacio sistemebi (samecniero-teqnikuri informaciis marTvis avtomatizebuli
informaciuli sistema, faqtografiuli informaciis saZiebo avtomatizebuli sistema, organizaciulekonomikuri
xasiaTis sistema, marTvis nebismieri avtomatizebuli sistema da sxv.). nebismier organizaciul-ekonomikur
sistemaSi sainformacio sistemis daniSnulebaa adamianisadmi marTvis procesis gansaxorcieleblad saWiro
informaciis miwodeba.
sainformacio sistemebi Sedgeba urTierTdakavSirebuli mTeli rigi funqciuri qvesistemisagan, romelTa
daniSnuleba damokidebulia marTvis sistemis miznebsa da amocanebze. magaliTad, samrewvelo sawarmos
sainformacio sistemis funqciuri qvesistemebia: warmoebis teqnikuri momzadebis, teqnikur-ekonomikuri
dagegmvis, warmoebis operatiuli marTvis, buRaltruli aRricxvisa da ekonomikuri analizis, mate-rialur-
teqnikuri momaragebis, kadrebisa da xarisxis marTvis. ეს sainformacio qvesistemebisaTvis saWiro
informacia qmnis sawarmos informaciul fonds. informaciuli fondis Semadgeneli nawilia monacemTa baza,
romelic warmoadgens pirdapiri mimarTvis magnitur matareblebze garkveuli wesiT organizebuli Canawerebis
erTobliobas. sainformacio sistemis bazam unda uzrunvelyos didi moculobis masivebis dagroveba, Senaxva,
koreqtireba da maTi mravalmiznobrivi gamoyeneba. monacemTa bazaSi informaciis dublireba unda iyos
minimaluri, raTa amaRldes sainformacio sistemis efeqtianoba.
monacemebis avtomatizebuli damuSavebis sistemebi warmoadgenen maRali donis sainformacio sistemebs.
aRniSnul sainformacio sistemas gaaCnia Semdegi saxis uzrunvelmyofeli qvesistemebi: informaciuli,
teqnikuri, programuli, maTematikuri, samarTleblivi, ergonomikuri, lingvisturi da organizaciul-ekonomikuri.
informaciuli uzrunvelyofis qvesistema moicavs: obieqtis marTvisaTvis saWiro maCveneblebs, sawyis da
saSedego informaciis matareblebs, teqnikur-ekonomikuri informaciis klasifikatorebs da kodifikatorebs,
informaciuli failebis erTobliobas da sxvadasxva daniSnulebis sainstruqcio-meTodologiur masalebs.
teqnikuri uzrunvelyofis qvesistema moicavs: informaciis Segrovebis, registraciis, gadacemis, gamravlebis
da damuSavebis teqnikur saSualebaTa kompleqss, romelTa Soris centraluri da ganmsazRvreli adgili ukaviaT
kompiuterebs.
monacemebis avtomatizebuli damuSavebis sistemis programuli uzrunvelyofa. sainformcio sistemebis
programuli uzrunvelyofa ewodeba programuli da dokumenturi saSualebebis erTobliobas, romelTa mizania
gamoTvliTi teqnikis saSualebiT Seiqmnas da moxdes monacemebis damuSavebis sistemebis eqspluatacia.
Sesrulebuli funqciebis mixedviT programuli uzunvelyofa SeiZleba davyoT or jgufad: sabaziso (sistemuri)
da gamoyenebiTi daniSnulebis programebad. sabaziso (sistemuri) programebs miekuTvneba iseTi
programebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen gamoTvliTi procesebis organizacias, gamoiyenebian xSirad
ganmeorebadi amocanebis gadasawyvetad da gamoyenebiTi programebis funqcionirebisaTvis qmnian
samuSao garemos. am programebis daniSnulebaa: kompiuterebis funqciuri daniSnulebis gafarToeba,
monacemTa damuSavebisa da kontrolis procesebis marTva, samuSaoTa Sesrulebis rigis dagegmvis
avtomatizacia da programaTa SemuSavebis avtomatizacia. sistemuri programuli uzrunvelyofa moicavs
operaciul sistemebs (erTamocanian da erTmomxmareblians, mravalamocanebian da
mravalmomxmareblians). specialuri daniSnulebis programebi warmoadgenen im programaTa erTobliobas,
romelebic uzrunvelyofen konkretuli amocanis an amocanaTa kompleqsebis gadawyvetas. garda aRniSnulisa
programuli uzrunvelyofa moicavs agreTve gamoyenebiT programebis paketebs. mag., cxriluri procesori
Exele.

maTematikuri uzrunvelyofa moicavs informaciis dasamuSaveblad gamoyenebul maTematikur meTodebs,

modelebsa da algoriTmebs.
monacemebis avtomatizebuli damuSavebis sistemebis samarTlebrivi uzrunvelyofa warmoadgens im
samarTlebrivi normebis erTobliobas, romlebic aregulireben monacemebis avtomatizebuli damuSavebis
sistemebis funqcionirebis iuridiul statussa da samarTlebriv urTierTobebs. samarTlebrivi uzrunvelyofis
mizans warmoadgens erovnuli ekonomikis marTvis avtomatizaciis etapze marTvis kanonebis ganmtkiceba.
monacemTa avtomatizebuli damuSavebis procesSi damkveTsa da Semsruleblebs Soris saxelSekrulebo
urTierTobaTa procesis dros warmoSobil sxvadasxva gadaxraTa samarTlebriv urTierTobaTa regulireba.
monacemebis avtomatizebuli damuSavebis sistemebis samarTlebriv uzrunvelyofaSi Seitaneba agreTve is
kanonebi da gankargulebebi, romelic gamocemulia rogorc zemdgomi, aseve adgilobrivi xelmZRvaneli
organoebis mier da, romelic exeba konkretuli amocanis an amocanaTa kompleqsis Seqmnasa da
funqcionirebas. kanonmorCil mosaxleobas unda gaaCndes SesaZlebloba operatiulad miiRos normatiuli
dokumentebis Sesaxeb informacia, raTa gaiTavisos samarTlebrivi normebi da Seasrulos isini. am mizniT,
aucilebelia iuridiuli sacnobaro-sainformacio sistemebis SemuSaveba. aseTi sistemebis daxmarebiT
momxmarebels eZleva saSualeba swrafad miiRos informacia misTvis saWiro samarTlebriv sakiTxebze.
iuridiuli sacnobaro-saZiebo sistemis momxmarebeli, maTi interesebidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davyoT
sam jgufad: profesionali momxmarebeli, warmoeba-dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli muSakebi da masobrivi
momxmarebeli. pirveli jgufis momxmareblebs miekuTnebian: mosamarTleebi, advokatebi, gamomZieblebi,
prokuraturis warmomadgenlebi da sxv; meore jgufis momxmareblebs miekuTnebian: firmebis, sawarmoebis,
saaqcio sazogadoebebis da a. S. xelmZRvanelebi; mesame jgufSi gaerTianebulia xalxis farTo masebi.
profesionalebs sistemaSi moZiebuli informacia esaWiroebaT, raTa maT mier Seqmnili dokumentebi
winaaRmdegobaSi ar iyos arsebul sakanonmdeblo-normatiul aqtebTan. meore jgufis momxmareblebs
kanonebi da normatiuli informacia esaWiroebaT imdenad, ramdenadac, maT mier miRebuli
gadawyvetilebebi ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes arsebul kanonebs. xalxis farTo masebs esaWiroebaT miiRon
komentari kanonebze, raTa maT SeZlon daicvan TavianTi uflebebi da raime saqmis dawyebisas (firmis,
saaqcio sazogadebis Seqmna da a. S.) moaxdinon maTi iuridiuli gaformeba.
lingvisturi uzrunvelyofa moicavs: monacemTa bazis informaciis erTeulebs (dokumenti, maCvenebeli,
rekviziti da sxv), sainformacio-saZiebo sistemis enobriv saSualebebs, specialuri daniSnulebis dialogur enebs
da monacemebis avtomatizebuli damuSavebis sistemebis SemuSavebisas gamoyenebuli terminebisa da
gansazRvrebebis sistemas.
monacemebis avtomatizebuli damuSavebis sistemebis organizaciul-ekonomikuri uzrunvelyofa
moicavs: marTvis amocanebis dasmas, dasmul amocanaTa gadasawyvetad gamoyenebuli teqnikuri
saSualebebisadmi wayenebul moTxovnebs, marTvis sistemebis analizs da misi efeqtianobis amaRlebis
mimarTulebebis Camoyalibebas, im dokumentTa erTobliobas, romelTa safuZvelzedac warmoebs marTvis
avtomatizebuli sistemis personalis saqmianobis reglantireba, samarTavi obieqtis organizaciuli struqturis
dadgena, samarTavi obieqtis struqturuli qveganyofilebebisaTvis saStato ganrigis gaangariSeba da sxvა.

monacemebis avtomatizebuli damuSavebis sistemebis ergonomikuri uzrunvelyofa

warmoadgens im meTodebisa da saSualebebis erTobliobas, romelTa daniSnulebaa
monacemTa avtomatizebuli damuSavebis sistemebSi adamians Seuqmnas optimaluri
pirobebi, maRalefeqturi usafrTxo da uSecdomo saqmianobisaTvis.
3.9. ekonomikuri sainformacio sistemebi
firmis marTvis ganxorcieleba moiTxovs iseTi funqciebis realizacias, rogoricaa: warmoeba, marketingi,
gayidva, finansireba, buRaltruli aRricxva da adamianuri resursebis marTva. marTvis doneebis mixedviT
sawarmoSi xdeba Semdegi sainformacio sistemebis formireba: strategiuli, mmarTvelobiTi, codnisa da
eqsploataciis.
eqsploataciis sainformacio sistema pasuxobs momxmareblis SekiTxebs, axdens transaqcias, akvirdeba iseTi
operaciebis ganxorcielebas rogoricaa: gayidvebis mdgomareoba, masalebis nakadebis moZraoba da sxv.
codnis donis sainformacio sistemebi daxmarebas uweven monacemebis damuSavebis muSakebs axali
codnis biznesSi integrirebaSi, dokumentebis nakadebis marTvaSi. mmarTveli donis sainformacio sistemebi
momsaxurebas uweven saSualo donis menejerebs. isini adgenen samarTavi obieqtis marTvis xarisxs da
periodulad iZlevian amis Sesaxeb informacias.
strategiuli donis marTvis sistemebi exmarebian maRali donis xelmZRvanelebs strategiuli
gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi.
3.10. კorporaciuli sainformacio sistemebi
korporacia niSnavs im sawarmoTa gaerTianebas, romlTa marTva xorcieldeba centralizebulad da wyveten
saerTo amocanebs. igi rTuli, mrvalprofiliani struqturaa, gaaCnia ganawilebuli ierarqiuli marTvis sistema.
korporaciis marTvis srulyofis mizniT Seqmnilia korporaciis sainformacio sistemebi. korporaciuli
sainformacio sistemaaris sitema, romelic axorcielebs kompaniis yvela sameurneo saqmianobis kompleqsur
avtomatizacias. korporaciis sainformacio sitema Sedgeba mravali programuli modulisagan. romlebidanac
TiToeuli axdens korporaciis calkeuli sameurneo saqmianobis avtomatizacias.

M MRP klasis sistema aris sawarmoo sistema, orientirebuli diskretuli tipis warmoebaze, amotom igi
iSviTad gamoiyeneba sxva dargSi. mag., momsaxurebis sferoSi, sacalo vaWrobaSi,
navTob¬gadamamuSavebel sawarmoebSi da a.S. M MRP P yvelaze did efeqts iZleva iseT sawarmoebSi
romlebsac gaaCniaT damuSavebis xangrZlivi cikli da rTuli mravalsafexuriani warmoeba, gamomdinare
iqidan, rom am SemTxvevaSi warmoebis dagegmva da marTva rTulia. SedarebiT nakleb efeqts iZleva M
MRP, sadac moTxovna aris Tanazomieri, dakveTli partiis moculoba didi. M MRP P Tavis upiratesobas
avlens, maSin roca adgili aqvs nakadebis intensiur cvlilebas, dakveTebisa da partiebis maRal varirebas.
amrigad M MRP P arSeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas yvela warmoebaSi. zogjer igi ar aris saWiro da efeqturi.
igi yvelaze kargad gamoiyeneba iseT sawarmoebSi sadac maRal donezea sawarmos marTvis sistema. M MRP
sistemis eqspluatacia SesaZlebelia mini da mikro- ¬kompiuterebis platformaze, rac Rirebulebis mixedviT
xelmisawvdomia mcire da saSualo sawarmoebisaTvis.

MRP sistemis efeqtianobis Sefaseba warmoebs Semdegi kriteriumebis mixedviT:

 M MRP-is gamoyenebisas dagegmvis periodis xangrZloba ar unda aRematebodes erT kviras;

 dagegmvis procedurebis ganxorcieleba unda moxdes kviraSi erTel mainc an metjer;
 Tu M MRP -is gamoyeneba warmoebs efeqturad, maSin adgili ar unda hqondes
e.w. ~promlemebs~;
 mimwodeblebma dadebuli piroba unda Seasrulon ara nakleb 95%–iT;
 muSaobis Sedegebis gaumjobeseba unad moxdes Semdegi mimarTulebebiT:
momarageba, mwarmoebluroba da klientebis momsaxureba.

mravalwliani gamokvlevebiT dadgenilia, rom M MRP - sistemis gamoyenebaSi adgili

aqvs Semdeg naklovanebebs:

 Zalian mcirea im momxmareblebis raodenoba romlebic aRniSnavel programuli

produqts warmatebiT iyenebs;
 ar warmoebs momxmareblis mxridan kalendaruli dagegmvis kompiuterizacia;
 ar xdeba sawarmo simZlavreebis dagegmva;
 warmoebis operatiuli marTvis kompiuterizacia nawilobriv aris danergili.
gasuli saukunis 60–ian wlebSi gamoTvliTi teqnikis popularobasTan dakavSirebiT
aRmocenda idea sawarmos saqmianobis daegmvaSi gamoeyenebiaT M MRP -is
ZiriTadi cnebebi da filosofia. dagegmvis aucilebloba gamowveuli iyo imis gamo, rom
makompleqtebeli nawilebis SeferxebiT mowodeba iwvevs warmoebis procesebis
Seferxebas, warmoebis efeqtianobis Semcirebas. paralelurad xdeba sawyobSi
masalebis Warbi raodenobiT dagroveba, romelic gamowveuli iyo sawyobSi
masalebis droulad SemosvliT an dagegmilze adre miwodebiT. SeuZlebeli iyo imis
garkveva Tu romel nakeTobas miekuTvneboda warmoebSi arsebuli
makompleqtebeli nawilebi.Mmsgavsi problemebis aRmosafxvrelad aRmocenda
masalebis dagegmvis meTodologia – MR MRP (Material რequirements Pფlanning).
aRniSnulis realizeba warmoebs kompiuteruli programis saSualebiT. warmoebis
sferoSi moxda makompleqtebeli nawilebis maragebis optimaluri regulireba
sawyobSi da warmoebis teqnologiis kontroli. M MRP-is mTavar amocanas warmoadgens
 dagegmvis periodis nebismieri momentisaTvis sawarmo garantirebuli iqnes saWiro masalebiT da
makompleqtebeli nawilebiT.

MRP-programa aris kompiuteruli programa romelic muSaobs da regulirdeba M MRP P-is meTodologiis
mixedviT. aRniSnul sistemaSi masalis statusi warmoadgens ZiriTad maCvenebels masalis mimdinare
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. TiToeul masalas M MRP-is CarCos farglebSi, mocemul mometSi gaaCnia
statusi, romelic gansazRvravs aris, Tu ara, es masala sawyobSi, imyofeba Tu ara igi rezervSi sxva
miznebis gansaxorcieleblad, monawileobs Tu ara, igi mimdinare dakveTebSi, Tu masze dakveTis
moTxovna igegmeba axla. amrigad masalis statusi erTmniSvnelovnad aRwers TiToeuli masalis
mzadyofnas CarTuli iyos warmoebis procesSi. M MRP P-sistema zogierTi masalis miedviT angariSobs
sadazRvevo maragebs. sadazRvevo maragi saWiroa imisaTvis, rom SevinarCunoT warmoebis procesi,
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aRmocenda gauTvaliwinebeli da gamousworebeli dayovnenbebi maT miwodebaSi.
Tu miwodeba realurad xorcieldeba Seuferxrblad, maSin M MRP -sistema ar iTvaliswinebs raime saxis
sadzRvevo maragebis Seqmnas. maTi moculoba dgindaba sxvadasxvanairad, yoveli konkretuli
SemTxvevisaTvis, damokidebuli masalis miwodebaSi Seqmnil situaciaze.
ganasxvaveben masalebze mTlian moTxovnilebas da sufTa moxmarebas. pirvel SemTxvevSi
igulisxmeba masalis is raodenoba, romelic saWiroa CaSvebuli iqnas warmoebaSi, meore SemTxvevaSi
ki, gaangariSebisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba yvela saxis sadazRvevo da sarezervo maragebi. dakveTa
iqmneba avtomaturad Tu misi aucilebeli raodenoba gansxvavdeba normatiulisagan.
dagegmvis procesi moicavs masalis an makompleqtebeli nawilis Sesyidvaze dakveTis avtomaturi
Seqmnis funqcias, an funqcias maT sawarmos SigniT warmoebaze. sistema axdens makompleqtebeli
nawilebis miwodebis drois optimizacias, amiT amcirebs warmoebis xarjebs da zrdis mis efeqtianobas.
msgavsi sistemiT sargebloba iZleva Semdeg upiratesobas:

 arsebobs imis garantia, rom makompleqtebeli nawilebi saWiro raodenobiT aris sawyobSi;
 mcirdeba masalebis miwodebis dayovnebis dro. Sesabamisad izrdeba gamoSvebuli produqciis
moculoba, samuSao adgilebis raodenobisa da sawrmoo mowyobilobebis datvirTulobis gazrdis
gareSe;
 sistema aaCqarebs im masalebis miwodebas, romlebic mocemul momentSi pirvel rigSi aris
saWiro da akavebs maT sawyobSi Semosvlas dagegmilze adre. amrigad yvela makompleqtebeli
nawili romelic saWiroa produqciis gamosaSvebad Semodis erTdroulad. es aucilebelia raTa
Tavidan iqnes acilebuli iseTi situacia rodesac erTi romelime masalis miuwodebloba gamoiwvevs
warmoebis gaCerebas, maSinac ki, roca sxva masalebi adgilzea.

ERP-sistema aris sawarmo resursebis dagegmvis sistema. igi ariss integrirebuli sistema
dafuZnebuli informaciul teqnologiebze da uzrunvelyofs Siga da gare resursebis
(finansuri, materialur-teqnikuri da adamianuri) marTvas. sistemis mizania xeli Seuwyos
da daexmaros sawarmos SigniT qveganyofilebebs Soris informaciul nakadebis
moZraobas da uzrunvelyos informaciuli kavSiri sxva sawarmoebTan. igi agebulia
centraluri monacemTa bazaze. aformirebs sawarmos erTian standartul informaciul
garemos. E ERP -sistemis winamorbedad SeiZleba CaiTvalos M MRP Psistema (materialuri resursebis
marTva) da M MRP PII-sistem. sawarmo resursebis dagegmva.

E ERP P-sistemaSi gamoyenebuli programuli instrumentebi saSualebas iZlevian movaxdinoT sawramoo

dagegmva, modelireba gavukeToT dakveTebis nakadebs da sawarmos qveganyofilebebisaTvis da
samasaxurebisaTvis SevafasoT produqciis gasaRebasTan dakavSirebuli maTi realizaciis SesaZlebobebi.

E ERP P-sistemis safuZvels warmoadgens erTiani monacemTa bazis Seqmnis principi, romelic moicavs
korporaciul biznes–informacias da uzrunvelyofs sawarmos nebismieri raodenobis TanamSromelTa erTdroul
SeRwevas monacemTa bazasTan, maTadmi miniWebuli uflebamosilebis farglebSi. E ERP P-sistema
Sedgeba Semdegi elementebisagan:

 sawarmos informaciuli nakadebis marTvis sistema;

 aparaturul-teqnikuri baza da komunikaciis saSualebebi;
 informaciuli nakadebis avtomatizebuli marTvis programaTa krebuli;
 programuli produqtebis gamoyenebisa da ganviTarebis reglamenti;
 informaciuli teqnologiebis departamenti da uzrunvelyofis samsaxurebi. programuli produqtebis
uSualo gamomyeneblebi. E

ERP -sistemis ZiriTadi funqciebia:

 gamosaSvebi nakeTobis Sedgenilobis ganasazRvravad sakonstruqtoro da

teqnologiuri specifikaciebis Sedgena da maT dasamzadeblad saWiro masalebisa
da operaciebis gansazRvra;
 produqciis warmoebis gegmis Sesasrulebad saWiro masalebisa da
makopleqtebeli nawilebis, maTi miwodebis vadebisa da moculobis gansazRvra;
 maragebis Sesyidvebis marTva: garigebebis warmoeba, centralizebuli
Sesyidvebis realizacia, saamqro da sasawyobo maragebis aRricxva da
optimizacia;
 sawarmo simZlavreebis dagegmva, rogoc gamsxvilebuli ise cal-calke dazgebisa
da mowyobilobebis mixedviT;
 finansebis operatiuli marTva, safinaso gegmis Sesrulebis kontroli, finansuri da
mmarTvelobiTi aRricxva;
 proeqtebis marTva resursebisa da etapebis mixedviT.

klasikuri E ERP P-sistema `yuTuri~ programuli uzrunvelyofisagan gansxvavebiT

miekuTneba ~mZime~ programul produqts, romelic moiTxovs gamarTvisaTvis did
dros.

ERP-sistema agebulia moduluri principiT, rac damkveTs saSualebas aZlevs daproeqtebis

adreul stadiaze SeiZinos modulebis nawili, SezRuduli kompleqti. damproeqtebelTa jgufi
danergvis msvlelobisas, rogorc wesi ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobasiSi axocielebs
modulebis awyobas. sistemis upiratesobebia:

 P ERP -sistemis gamoyeneba SesaZleblobas iZleva mravali prograbmis nacvlad

gamoviyenoT erTi integrirebuli programa;
 erTian sistemas SeuZlia ganaxorcielos damuSavebis, logistikis, distribuciis,
maragebis, miwodebis marTvis da sabuRalto aRricxvis warmoeba;
 ERP - sistemaSi realizebulia sistemasTan SeRwevis SezRuduloba da usafrTxoebis
sxva RoniZiebebTan erTad igi uzrunvelyofs gare da Siga safrTxeebis
winaaRmdeg brZolis ganxorcielebas (mag., samrewvelo SpionaJi, informaciis
mitaceba da a.S.).

2016 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT saqarTveloSi ERP -sistemas (sawarmos resursebis dagegmva) iyenebda
sawarmoTa mxolod 9,2%.

ERP-sistemis ZiriTadi sirTuleebi warmoiqmneba danergvis etapze Semdegi mizezebis gamo:

 kompaniis mflobelebi ar endobian maRalteqnologiur gadawyvetilebebs, sustia maTi mxridan

proeqtisadmi mxardaWera, rac arTulebs proeqtis ganxorcielebas;
  proeqtis efeqtianobas amcirebs agreTve departamentis mier konfidencialuri monacemebis
miwodebisas warmoqmnili siZneleebi. personalis sawavleblad saWiro danaxarjebis gamoyofisas
warmoqmnili problemebi;
 mcire kompaniebs sistemis siZviris gamo ar SeuZliaT misi SeZena da kadrebis swavlebisaTvis
investiciebis gamo- yofa;
 sistemis danergva aris Zalian Zviri;
 arsebobs problemebi arsebul sistemasTan misi Tavsebadobis mimarTulebiT.

ERP -sistema Sedgeba Semdegi programebisagan:

 korporaciuli amocanebis gadawyvetis erTiani sistema _ SSTD; x

 sawarmos ZiriTadi fondebis marTvis sistemebi – EAM;
 warmoebisa da remontis marTvis operatiuli sistemebi – MES;
 sawyobis marTvis sistema – WMS;
 klientebTan urTierTobebis marTvis sistema _ CRM;
 miwodebis jaWvis marTvis sistema – SCM;
 teqnikis momsaxurebis kompiuteruli marTvis sistema– CMMS;
 personalis marTvis sistema – HRM;
 sawarmos informaciuli resursebis marTvis sistemebi – ECM.

sistyvasityviT da yvelaze JReradi Targmani terminis Customer Relationship management (CRM) aris
`klientebTan urTierTobebis marTva~. kompania Pice Waterhouse Coopers-ganmartebiT `CRM~ – aris
standarti, romlis mizania viciT ra damkveTebis _ indivialuri moTxvnebi, SevqmnaT maTTan xangrZlivi da
momgebiani urTierTobebi~.

`CRM _ aris teqnologia, romlis mizania davipyroT, davakmayofiloT da SevinarCunoT gadaxdisunariani

damkveTebi~. rogorc sCans es ori ganmarteba urTierT sawinaaRmdego ar aris. CRM -ideologia – es aris
klientebis garTulebul moTxovnebze biznesis reaqcia. dRes sakmarisi ar aris gayodo saqoneli an
momsaxureba. is unda gayido sworad, unda icode klients romeli saqoneli surs, ra SefuTviT, ras aniWebs igi
upiratesobas, rogori gemovneba gaaCnia mas, rogoria misi individualuri SesaZleblobebi. dRes klientebi arian
personalizebuli, individualuri. maTTan muSaobis formebi da meTodebi dRes xdeba firmis ZiriTadi
korporaciuli biznes– modeli. am models vuwodoT klientze orientirebuli. Kklientis Sesaswavlad saWiroa
didi moculobis informaciis Segroveba da damuSaveba, iseTic ki, romelic uSualod ar exeba mocemul klients
CRM -is ideologia arsebiTad aris saerTokorporaciuli ideologia, romelzedac aigeba biznes–kompaniebi,
muSavdeba maTi ganviTerbis strategia. CRM M-is ideologia moicavs kompaniis yvela biznes–prcess,
dawyebuli waroebiT da damTavrebuli saqonils gayidviT da misi Semdgomi momsaxurebiT. amitom CRM M-
is ideologiis realizaciaSi CarTulia korporaciis yvela ZiriTadi samsaxuri da ganyofileba. CRM M-is ideologiis
ZiriTad elements warmoadgens cneba `klienti~, masTan kompaniis urTierTobis marTva. CRM - sistema
aris sainformacio sistema, romlis daniSnulebaa biznesprocesebis avtomatizacia, romelic uzrunvelyofs
kompaniis yvela ganyofilebis urTierTmoqmedebas klientebTan, CRM-sistemis ideologiis farglebSi.
aRniSnuli sistema erTi mxriv, wyvets iseT amocanebs, romlebic mimarTulia klientebis moTxovnilebebis
dakmayofilebaze da maT SenarCunebaze, meore mxriv, emsaxureba kompaniis saqmianobis optimizacias,
amcirebs informaciis damuSavebasTan, moZebnasTan, analizTan da gayidvebTan dakavSirebul xarjebs.
CRM -sistemis standartuli funqcionireba moicavcs:

 bazebSi ganTavsebul informacias kompaniis produqtebze da momsaxurebaze fasebis, bazris

mdgomareobisa da konkurentebis Sesaxeb;
 kompaniis saqmianobis dagegmvis sistemas;
 kontraqtebis marTvis sistemas;
  operetiuli urTierTobebis marTvas;
 dadebuli da potenciuri garigebebis marTvas;
 instrumentebs telemarketingis warmoebisaTvis;
 uzrunvelyofs komerciul ganyofilebebis avtomatizebul momzadebas;
 saSualebas iZleva Seiqmnas potenciuri klientebis siebi da moxdes maTi ganawileba savaWro
warmomadgenlobebis mixedviT.

ismis kiTxva – romel kopmaniebs esaWiroebaT M- CRM sistema? SeiZleba iTqvas, rom nebismiers, es
iqneba sruliad samarTliani, Tumaca ara savsebiT koreqtuli. igi yvelaze metad esaWiroeba busines-to-busines
seqtors, romelic iyenebs momxmareblisaTvis saqonlisa da momsaxurebis pidapiri miyidvis meTods. pirdapiri
gaydvebis qveS igulisxmeba kompaniis TanamSromlebis klientebTan xangrZlivi da uSualo urTierTobebis
organizeba. xSirad warmateba damokidebulia, Tu ramdenad kargad aris momzadebuli menejeri klientTan
Sesaxvedrad. klientTan muSaobis xarisxs uzrunvelyofs klientis Sesaxeb sruli informacia, romelic
warmoadgens kompaniis konkurenciul upiratesobas, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca biznes-kompaniebi
klientebTan garigebebs deben xangrZlivi droiT.

SCM (SUpply Chain Management)- miwodebis jaWvis marTva. SCM M -sistemis daniSnulebaa
ganaxorcielos sawarmos momaragebis yvela etapis da sawarmoSi saqonlis moZraobis kontrolis marTva. SCM
-sistema saSualebas iZleva mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesdes kompaniis produqciaze moTxovna, Semcirdes
danaxarjebi logistikaze da Sesyidvebze.

SCM -sistema moicavs nedleulis Sesyidvis, saqonlis warmoebisa da gavrcelebis mTlian cikls. mkvlevarebi
rogorc wesi gamoyofen miwodebis jaWvis eqvs ZiriTad sferos: warmoeba, miwodeba, adgilmdebareoba,
maragebi, transportireba da informacia.

SCM-sistemaSi pirobiTad SeiZleba gamovyoT ori qvesistema SCP (Supply Chain Planning) _ saqonlis jaWvis
dagegmva da SCE (Supply Chain Execution) _ drois realur rejimSi miwodebis jaWvis marTva. SCP-
sistemis safuZvels warmoadgens kalen daruli grafikebis formirebisa da gafarToebuli dagegmvis sistemebi.
SCP- is SemadgelobaSi Sedis agreTve prognozirebis erToblivi SemuSavebis sistema. SCP- sistema garda
operatiuli marTvis amocanebis gadawyvetisa saSualebas iZleva ganvaxorcieloT miwodebis jaWvis struqturis
strategiuli dagegmva. miwodebis qselis gemis SemuSaveba. movaxdinoT sxvadasxva situasciis modelireba,
SevafasoT operaciis Sesrulebis done, moaxdinoT gegmiuri da mimidinare maCveneblebis Sedareba. SCE-
qvesistema miwodebis jaWvis marTvas axorcielebs drois realur reJimSi.

ZiriTadi gansxvavebebi M MRP da ERP sistemebs Soris:

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT P ERP -sistemis safuZvels warmoadgens birTvi, romelic realizebulia MRP II-is
sandartis safuZvelze. miuxedavad aRniSnulisa ERP P-sistema ar warmoadgens M MRP -sistemis ubralo
gafarToebas. M MRP -sistema agebuli iqna da viTardeboda, rogorc Caketili sistema da gansakuTrebiT
emsaxureboda sawarmos Sida moTxovnebis dakmayofilebas. ERP P-sistemas gaaCnia gasasvleli gare
garemoze da misi daniSnulebaa sawarmoos marTvis amocanebis kompleqsuri gadawyveta. davaxasiaToT am
sistemebs Soris gansxvavebebi.

ERP-sistema sainformacio sistemis farglebSi orientirebulia ganawilebul sawarmoo marTvaze (gamoxatavs

sawarmos urTierTmoqmedebas momwodeblebTan, partniorebTan da momxmareblebTan). aseTi sawarmoebi
TavisTavad warmoadgenen avtonomiurad momuSave kompaniebs ,,romlebic Sedian korporaciis, koncernis
SemadgenlobaSi, geografiulad arian ganawilebuli, warmoadgenen droebiT sawrmoo gaerTianebas,
muSaoben erTobliv produqtebis gamosaSvebad da a. S. ERP P-sistemaSi didi yuradReba daTmobili aqvs
finansur qvesistemebs. damatebulia transnacionaluri koorporaciebis marTvis meqanizmebi ramdenime
saaTobrivi sartylis, enis, valutis, sabuRaltro aRricxvis da angariSgebabis CaTvliT. didi yuradReba eTmoba
gadawyvetilebebis miRebis mxardamWer programebs, da monacemTa sacavebTan integraciis saSualebebs.
zogierT E ERP P-sistemaSi SemuSavebulia gamarTvisa (konfiguraciis ) da sxva danarTebTan adaptaciis
saSualebebi. E ERP P-sistemis danergvis amorCeva aris rTuli da mravalkriteriumiani Semdegi mizezebis
gamo:

 SeZenili produqtis maRali Rirebuleba (zogierTis Rirebuleba ramdenime milionia);

 danergvisavisTvis saWiro kadrebis momzadebis xangrZlivi periodi;
 ERP -sistemiS danergvis ciklis xangrZlobam SeiZleba Seadginos ramdenime weli.

CRM-sistemis momxmarebelze mzrunveloba

bolo ramdenime weliwadSi Seiqmna klientebTan urTierTobebis ramdenime koncefcia. aseTi koncefciis
SemuSaveba esaWiroebaT im biznsmenebs da sakuTari saqmis patronebs, romlebic zrunaven TavianTi
kompaniebis momavalze. koncefcia iTvaliswinebs momxmareblebze mzrunvelobis amaRlebas, Tanac
TiToeulis Sesaxeb individualurad. klientebis Sesaxeb Segrovili da damuSavebuli informacia (Sesyidvebis
istoria, gemovneba, moTxovnilebebi, upiratesobebi) gamoiyeneba imisaTvis, rom ufro zustad vicodeT
konkretuli klientis SemoTavazebis specifika. bunebrivia, rom Tu gvyavs mudmivad mzardi raodenobis
megobrulad gawyobili klientebi, aseTi midgomis realizeba SeuZlebelia Tanamedrove informaciuli
teqnologiebis gamoyenebis gareSe. tradiciulad marketingSi, romelic orientirebulia myidvelTa masaze da
romelic realizacias axdens produqtis pozicirebas_winwaweva _ Rirebuleba /fasi“ ar aris aucilebeli TiToeul
myidvelTan urTierTobebis damyareba, momxmarebelTa konkretuli jgufebis diferencireba, klietebis
individualuri moTxovnebis gansazRvra.

moviyvanoT magaliTebi, romlebic amtkicebevn sapirispiros, TiTqos CRM M-koncefciisaTvis axali

teqnologiebis danergva ar warmoadgens aucilebels. CRM -is koncefciis realizaciaSi aucilebelia CarTva didi
raodenobis korporaciuli samsaxurebis da qveganyofilebebis _ marketingi, warmoebis dagemva, klientebTan
mxardaWeris samsaxuri, gayidvebis teritoriuli qveganyofilebebi da servisis samsaxurebi. klientebTan
kontaqtebi saWiroa ganxorcileldes mudmivad pirdapiri an arapirdapiri formiT. klientebTan urTierTobebis
asaxvis mizniT CRM M-is koncefciaSi Setanili iqna specialuri cneba „Sexebis wertili“ (Point of contact).

klientebTan urTierTobebis sistema _ CRM- -i aris korporaciuli sistema, an qvesistema, romelic Sedis E ERP
-sistemaSi da romlis daniSnulebaa klientebTan urTierTobebis istoriis informaciis Senaxvis gziT klientebis
momsaxurebis gaumjobeseba, klientebis Sesaxeb informaciis Segroveba, rac aumjobesebs biznes-
procedurebis efeqtianobas.

CRM-is sabaziso principebia:

 informaciis erTiani sacavis arseboba, saidanac nebismier dros SeiZleba klientebTan urTierTobebis
yvela SemTxvevis Sesaxeb informaciis miReba;
 urTierTobebis mravalricxovani arxebis marTvis sinqronizeba;
 klientebis Sesaxeb Segrovili informaciis mudmivi analizi da Sesabamisi organizaciuli
gadawyveilebis miReba. magaliTad, kompanisaTvis klientebis mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, maTi
registracia.
amrigad, es midgoma gulisxmobs, rom nebismieri arxiT klientebTan
urTierTmoqmedeba organizaciis TanmSomlisaTvis da xelmZRvanelisaTvis klietebis
Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba aris sauZveli mmarTvelobiTi gadawyvetilebis
misaRebad. miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb informacia agreTve eqvemdebareba
Senaxvas da masTan wvdoma SesaZlebelia klientebTan Semdgomi
urTierTqmedebisaTvis.

CRM-is SesaZleblobebis klasifikacias axdenen funqciebisa da informaciis donis

mixedviT. funqciebis mixeviT procesebis blokebi SeiZleba dajgufdes: marketingis bloki,
dakveTebisa da survilebis damuSavebis bloki, gayidvebis bloki, servisuli momsaxurebis
bloki. calkeuli mdgenelebis mixedviT gamoyofen gamoZaxebebis damuSavebis
centrebs (Tavidan es iyo satelefono zarebi. ukanasknel periodSi mas miemata
urTierqmedebebis yvela arxi.

informaciis damuSavebis funqciebis mixedviT klasifikacia:

opratiuli funqcia _ monacemebi bazebis ganyofilebebis mixedviT, pirvelad informaciasTan operatiuli

wvdoma da registracia: movlenebi, kompaniebi, produqtebi, kontaqtebi, dokumentebi da a. S.
analizuri funqcia _ pirveladi monacemebis mixedviT¬ da informaciis Rrma analizi sxvadasxva WrilSi.
(marketinguli RonisZiebebis Sedegebis anlizi, produqtebis, (klientebis, segmentebis, regionebis WrilSi)
gayidvebis efeqtianobis analizi.
koperaciuli funqcia _ saboloo momxmareblebTan da klientebTan mWidro urTierTqmedebis organizeba,
klientis kompaniis Sida procesebze zemoqmedebis CaTvliT _ produqciis xarisxis gaumjobesebis mizniT
gamokiTxva, vebgverdebi _ dakvirvrba klientis mier dakveTis Sesrulebis mimdinareobaze, klientis
SesaZlebloba damoukideblad daakompleqtos da SevukveTos realur drois reJimSi dakveTa, mag., avtomobili
an kompiuteri.

1993 wlamde CRM -is bazari Sedgeboda ori mimarTulebisagan _ savaWro warmomadenlobebis
avtomatizacia (Sales Force Automation-SFA) da klientis momsaxureba (Customer Service-CS). teritoriuli
gayidvebis marTvis avtomatizebuli sistemebis pirvandeli daniSnuleba mdgomareobda imaSi, rom
warmomadgenlebs SeeZloT TavianTi klientebis „Sexebis wertilebis“ marTva da muSaoba klientebTan
SeTanxmebuli gayidvebis gegmis mixedviT. droTa ganmavlobaSi msgavsma sistemebma daimates
SesaZleblobebis marTvis funqcia, rac praqtikaSi niSnavda kompaniaSi gayidvebis miRebuli meTodologiisa
da taqtikis mxardaWeras, kompanis sxvadasxva qveganyofilebebis urTierTkavSirs.

2000 wlamde CRM sistemebi iyo „calmxrivi“-egreTwodebuli „kontraqtebis menejerebi“, marketinguli

RonisZiebebis mxardamWeri sistemebi, an servisuli samsaxuris avtomatizaciis sistemebi. 2000-2005 wlebis
periods Gartner Group ukavSirebs kompaniis klientebTan erToblivi biznesis formirebis talRas _ erTobliv
komercias (Callaborative Commerce). am periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia internetis meSveobiT kompaniis
interaqtiuli urTierTqmedeba mudmiv partniorebTan. aseTi urTierTqmedeba niSnavs gare momxmareblis
wvdomis gafarToebas korporaciis informaciasTan. es urTierTobebi unda eyrdnobodes usafrTxoebisa da
ndobis garantias, partnioris ndobas da SeTanxmebul samuSao wesebs.

2005-2007 wlebi aris meore talRis wlebi, romelic efuZneba ERP-sistemis did Riaobas. wamyvanma
mwarmoeblebma daiwyes sakuTari ERP-sistemisaTvis samomxmareblo interfeisis Seqmna, aRmocendnen
eleqtronuli savaWro moednebi B2C, bi znesis warmoebisaTvis yalibdeba axali infrastuqtura (mag.,
korporaciis veb-servisis safuZvelze .Net arqiteqtura). am SemTxvevaSi pirveli talRisagan gansxvavebiT
saubari midis „bevri-bevrTan“ urTierTobebis Sesaxeb e.i. sawarmoebi TanamSromleben ara marto mudmiv
partniorebTan, aramed biznes sazogadoebis yvela wevrTan.

praqtikulad yvela Tanamedrove CRM sistemam metnaklebad SeiZina zemoT naCvenebi

SesaZleblobebi: damuSavebis doneebi, informaciis wardgena, monacemebis
damuSaveba da Senaxva koleqtiur sacavebSi, codnis bazebis SemuSaveba,
korporacis¬meSveobiT klientebTan interaqtiuli urTierTmoqmedebisaTvis
gadawyvetilebis miReba. CRM sistemis mTavari modulebia:

 kompaniis calkeuli teritoriuli qveganyofilebebis urTierTmoqmedi CRM- is qvesistemebi; x analizuri

da marketinguli programuli modulebi;
 eleqtronuli katalogebi da maTi marTva;
  Sesabamisi veb-servisebis daxmarebiT dakveTebis onlain reJimSi gaformebis sistema, angariSebis
onlainuri wardgena, da maTi gadaxdis SesaZlebloba sakredito baraTebis, an „eleqtronuli qisis“
daxmarebiT.

ramdenadac CRM- sistemaSi CaSenebuli programuli gadawyvetilebebi sakmaod

rTulia, ismis kanonzomieri kiTxva „ramdenad efeqtiania sistema?, didia Tu ara aseTi
rTuli da ZviradRirebuli sistemebidan ukugeba? saWiroa Tu ara masze drois, fulisa
da Zalisxmevis xarjva? erTxel kidev unda aRvniSnoT, rom CRM-sistema fokusirebulia
momxmarebelze. klientisaTvis brZola warmadgens bazris ZiriTad arss da igi
gagrZeldeba manam, sanam iarsebebs sabazro urTieTobebi. ekonomikuri
sargeblianobidan gamomdinare ufo iafia urTierTobebis SenarCuneba mudmiv
myidvelebTan, vidre axlis moZieba.

mimdinare saukuneSi warmoebis marTvis instrumentebi aigeba ERP-sistemis birTvis

bazaze, Tumca aucileblad fokusirdeba myidvelTan integraciaze. warmoebis efeqturi
dagegmvis sistemas gaaCnia ori fokusi _ warmoebis efeqtianobis da axali
saSemsyidvelo faseulobis. aseTi faseuloba iqmneba, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
CSRP-sistemis meTodologia Tavis TavSi moicavs srul sasicocxlo cikls, dawyebuli
damkveTis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, momavali produqciis daproeqtebiT da
damTavrebuli gayidvebis Semdeg garantirebuli servisiT. dagemvis es axali
paradigma aris „myidvelebTan sisnqronizebuli resursebis dagemva“- CSRP.

CSRP-sistemis meTodologia iyenebs ERP-sistemis integrirebul funqciebs da cvlis mimarTulebas

warmoebis dagegmvidan myidvelamde. CSRP-sistema myidvelisaTvis maRali Rirebulebebis produqciis
Sesaqmnelad qmnis qmediT meTodebsa da danarTebs, yovelive es sabolood warmoadgens biznesisaTvis
CSRP -teqnologias. ismis sami ZiriTadi kiTxva: „romel produts moiTxovs myidveli axlo momavalSi“?
rogori srulyofili produqcia Seqmnis konkurenciul upiratesobas? da „Tu momxmareblis moda da
gemovneba mzardi siswrafiT icvleba, maSin rogor SeiZleba miviRoT kritikuli informacia bazris
Sesaxeb? pasuxi martivia _ realuri drois reJimSi kompaniis saqmianobis mxardamWeri sistemiT,
movaxdinoT myidvelebis moTxovnebisa da molodinebis integracia biznes-dagegmvasTan.
aRniSnuli teqnologiis dasanergad saWiroa:

 movaxdinoT sawarmos saqmianobis optimizacia, ERP-sistemis safuZvelze SevqmnaT efeqturi

sawarmoo infrastruqtura;
 movaxdinoT myidvelebis integracia, da myidvelebze orientirebuli dagegmva;
 davnergoT Ria teqnologia, raTa SevqmnaT teqnologiuri infrastruqtura, romelic SeZlebs mxari
dauWiros myidvelebis, momwodeblebis da warmoebis marTvis danarTebis integracias.

ERP-sistemis pirveli nabiji aris warmoebis dagegmvis teqnologiis danergviT da

momxmareblis survilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mivaRwioT warmoebis efqtianobis
amaRlebas. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania iseT dargebSi, sadac momxmareblis
moda da gemovneba, mecnierebis miRwevebi da teqnologiebis swrafi ganviTareba
karnaxobs nakeTobebis nominklaturisa da modelebis xSir cvlilebas. amis magaliTia
saavtomobilo mrewveloba, mikroeleqtronika, kavSirgambulobis sistemebi, programuli
produqtebis SemuSaveba, miRwevebi nano¬teqnologiaSi da a.S. ismis kiTxva, maSin
axali programebis SemuSavebisas ratom gamoiyeneba Zveli meTodebi? ERP-s bazaze
midgoma dafuZnebulia moqmedebaze. sawarmos saqmianoba ganisazRvreba
warmoebis procesiT. es aris myidvelebis gaerTianebis kargi sastarto wertili. es
gansakuTrebiT sworia maSin, Tu mwarmoebels gaaCnia danergili ERP-sistema.
danarTebi da procesebi orientirebulia teqnikaze, „warmoeba “. Tu ERP-Si gamoiyeneba
aseTi teqnika, maSin arsebobs realuri SesaZlebloba swrafad SevqmnaT
makompleqteblebis unikaluri sia da Sesabamisi sawarmoo procedurebi. myidvelis
unikaluri dakveTebis Sesasruleblad sawrmos, romelsac ar SeuZlia myidvelebis
dakveTebis marTva, erTdroulad gaaCnia mcire raodenobis dakveTebi. es dakveTebi
naklebad gansxvavebulebi arian. CSRP xelmeored gansazRvravs biznesis praqtikas,
akeTebs ra mis fokusirebas sabazro aqtiurobaze da moTxovnebis cvlilebebze da ara
warmoebis saqmianobaze, romelic dagemili iyo erTi Tvis winaT. amasTan biznes-
procesebis sinqronizeba warmoebs aramarto moTxovnebTan, aramed myidvelebis
molodinebebTanac. mwarmoeblebi, romlebic fokusirebuli arian myidvelebTan
urTierTobebis saqmianobaze, SeZleben Sefasebebisadmi sistemuri ganviTarebis gziT
Seqmnan upirbo upiratesobebi:

 ra produqtebi unda awarmoon;

 ra saxis momsaxurebebi SesTavazon;
 romel axali bazrebis aTvisebas apireben.

CSRP-meTodologia iyenebs swor meTodebs da danarTebs iseTi produqtebis

Sesaqmnelad, romelTa modificireba konkretuli myidvelisTvis SesaZlebelia. am
teqnologiuri gadawvetilebis ZiriTadi meqanizmia, produqciis konfiguraciis modulis
arseboba da SezRudul simZlavreebisa da droiTi intervalis pirobebSi sawarmoo
grafikebis marTvis gafarToebuli regulireba(Advanced Planning and Scheduling-APS).

SCM-is meTodologia

Tanamedrove biznesis dinamikam, bazrebze gazrdilma miwodebam da momxmareblis

„gaTviscnoberebam“ kompaniis xelmZRvaneloba miiyvana im daskvnamde, rom
aramwarmoeblri xarjebis Semcirebis gziT aamaRlos produqciis samomxmareblo
Rirebuleba. garda amisa rogorc sawarmoo procesebis maTematikurma modelirebam
aCvena, saerTo danaxarjebis Semcirebis realur rezevs warmoadgens nakeTobis
makompleqteblebis da nedleulis moZraobis optimaluri organizeba.
amasTan dakavSirebiT dakveTebis mixedviT tradiciuli logisturi da marTvis meTodi
miwodebis, dasawyobebis da warmoebaSi CaSvebis (sasawyobo maragebis marTvis),
„droulad SekveTa~ da „awarmoe droze“ daedo safuZvlad meTodologias „zustad droSi“
(Just In Time). am meTodiT zustad gawerilia asawyob erTeulze saWiro
makompleqteblebis raodenoba, sawarmoo ciklis is wertili, sadc saWiroa es nakeToba
da drois is wertili, rodesac igi uda iqnes miwodebuli. „zustad droSi“ teqnologiis danergva
orientirebulia Semdeg ZiriTad momentebze:

 saWiro sawarmoo-materialur maragebis moculobis dagegmva;

 warmoebis yvela ubanze maragebis optimaluri donis miRweva;
 mocdenebis Semcireba an mTlianad aRmofxvra;
 partiis zomebis Semcireba (rogorc sakuTari, ise Sesasyidi) da partiis manevrebis amaRleba;
 produqciis gadacemis, damuSavebis da miwodebis drois Semcireba;
 sasawyobo farTisa da operaciebis Semcireba.
am teqnologiis danergvisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes momwodeblidan araritmuli mowodeba,
mowyobilobebis gafuWeba, personalis Semadgenlobis cvlileba da a.S. amisaTvis sawarmoo procesSi
CarTuli unda iqnes:

 manqanebisa da mowyobilobebis detaluri gamokvleva da Tanxleba;

  momuSaveebis urTierTSecvlis SesaZlebloba _ muSebs unda SeeZloT ramdenime samuSao adgilze,
ramdenime operaciis Sesruleba;
 momwodeblebisagan garantirebuli mowodebisa da udefeqto mowodebis moTxovna;
 martivi da gasagebi saaRricvo sistemebis gamoyeneba (e.w. „kaban-baraTebi“).
es teqnologiebi SemuSavebuli iyo 80-ian wlebSi da ZiriTadad¬ gamoiyeneboda iseT kompaqtur
sawarmoebSi, romleb sac gaaCndaT mkafio teqnologiuri cikli. MRP/ERP sistemebis bazaze sawarmoo
ciklis avtomatizaciis sistemebma Seavso teqnologia „zustat droSi“ axali SinaarsiT da saSualeba misca
gamoiyenon igi farTo speqtriani saqmianobis ganawilebulma sawarmoebma.
maTematikuri modelebis bazaze, rTuli logistikuri avtomatizebulma marTvis procesma, romelic aRwers
Siga da gare momwodeblebis urTierTmoqmedebebs miiRo saxelwodeba miwodebis jaWvis marTva
(Supply Chain management-SCM). im sainformacio sistemebs, romelTa daxmarebiTac xorcieldeba
marTva uwodes SCM-sistemebi. SeiZleba gamovyoT SCM-is 7 ZiriTadi principi:

 yuradRebiT davakvirdeT bazris moTxovnebs da maTze dayrdnobiT movaxdinoT dagegmva;

 SeviswavloT gayidvebis sivrcobriv-droiTi ganawileba da saqonelze moTxovnisa da servisebis
safuZvelze movaxdinoT momxmareblebis segmentacia;
 Tanabrad ganxorcieldes logistikis qselis orientacia momwodeblebze da klientebze;
 movaxdinoT miwodebis strategili dagegmva;
 SevimuSavoT materialuri resursebis moZraobis strategia;
 aqtiurad gamoviyenoT axali arxebis ganawilebis meTodebi;
 informaciul-teqnologiuri prognozis sizustis marTvisaTvis, qseluri grafikebis SesamuSaveblad da
optimaluri moZraobis marSrutebis dasadgenaT gamoviyenoT maTematikuri modelireba da
wrfivi programirebis meTodebi.

SCM-sistemebi, rogorc CRM da CSRP gare garmosTan „agrZeleben“ standartul urTierTobebs da mTlianobaSi
warmoqmnian sawarmos marTvis gafarToebul sistemas-ERP II-s. aseTi integrirebuli sistema saSualebas
iZleva movaxdinoT SCM strategiis sabazo mdgomareobis realizacia: „mivawodoT saWiro saqoneli _ saWiro
adgilas _ zust droSi _ naklebi danaxarjebiT _ klientisaTvis saWiro servisiT“. dReisaTvis yvelaze
moTxovnads warmoadgens kopleqsuri gadawyvetileba, romelic agebulia Ria sistemis principiT, SeuRlebuli
ERP birTvis standrtTan. es gadawyvetileba moicavs Semdegi saxis specializebul modulebs:

 miwodebis jaWvis dagegmva (Supply Chain management _ SCM);

 moTxovnis dagegmva (demand planner-DMP);
 operaciuli dagegmva (Multi –Site Planner-MSP);
 finansuri Sedegebis optimizacia (Yield Optimizer-YOP); warmoebis gafarToebuli dagamva
(Advanced Productio Plan ner-APP).

analogiuri gadawyvetileba „miwodebis jaWvis marTvis sistema“-Microsoft Dinamics NAV warmoadgens

danarTebis integrirebul kompleqs, maT Soris sawayobebis marTvis sferoSi, warmoebaSi, monacemTa
avtomatizebuli Segrovebis sistemaSi (ADCS), didstribuciaSi da gaaCnia funqciebi dakavSirebuli
faswarmoqmnasTan da eleqtronul komerciasTan. gadawyvetilebebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebia:

 miwodebis jaWvis marTvisadmi kompleqsuri midgoma: integracia distribuciasTan, warmoebis

blokebTan, monacemebis avtomatizebul SegrovebasTan, faswarmoqmnis funqciasTan da eleqtronul
komerciasTan;
 sasawyobo jaWvis logistikis srulyofa da optimizacia;
 diskretuli warmoebis mxardaWera: kalendarul-moculobiTi dagemva, warmoebis prognozireba,
warmoebis moqnili politikis gansazRvra;
  biznes-procesebisa da sawarmoo procesebis sxvadasxva parametrebis modelireba;
 partniorebTan efeqtiani TanamSromlobisa da danaxarjebis Semcirebis safuZvelze momgebianobis
gadideba, maT Soris internetis meSveobiT.
miwodebis jaWvis efeqtiani marTva saSualebas iZleva saqonlis maragebis saWiro doneze SenarCunebiT,
gaizardos Semosavlebi, ris Sedegadac gaizrdeba gayidvebi, Semcirdeba maragebis gasayidlad fasebis
Semcirebis saWiroeba. aRniSnuli maragebisa da saopercio obiqtebis optimaluri dagemva gamoiwvevs
saqonlis transportirebis, Senaxvisa da SromiTi danaxarjebis Semcirebas. miwodebis swori marTva _ pirvel
rigSi es aris saSualebebis ekonomia, rac niSnavs damatebiTi investiciebis CarTvis SesaZleblobebis
warmoqmnas.

SCM-sistemebi warmoebas exmareba Seamciros sabrunavi saSualebebis raodenoba, romelic „gaynulia“

saqonlis maragebSi, paralelurad gavaumjobesoT miwodebuli servisi done. moTxovnis prognozirebis
instrumentebi da Siga da gare miwodebis jaWvis dagegmva uzrunvelyofs saqonlis maragebis namdvil
aucilebel dones, Rebuloben ra mxedvelobaSi saqonlis nel da swraf brunvas, moTxovnis sezonur
mateba/klebas, angariSoben miwodebis optimalur vadebs.

3.11. xelovnuri inteleqti AI (Artificail Intelligence)

idea kompiutris SesaZlo `fiqris~ Sesaxeb gaCnda ramdenime aTeuli wlis winaT, Tumca srulyofilad xelovnuri
inteleqtis problemebis gamokvleva mZlavri kompiuterebis Seqmnis Semdeg daiwyo. xelovnuri inteleqtis
gamoyeneba mimdinareobs sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT. kerZod: sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebSi,
robototeqnikaSi, SegrZnebebSi (smenisa da xedvis sainformacio sistemebi), eqspertul sistemebSi, neironul
qselebSi.
enebTan muSaobisaTvis aucilebeli gaxda Seqmniliyo iseTi sistemebi, rolebic Cveulebriv adamianur
instruqciebs gadaiyvanda manqanisaTvis gasageb enaze. robototeqnika gamoiyeneba mrewvelobaSi.
SegrZnebebis sistemebi gamoiyeneba iseTi kompiuterebis Sesaqmnelad, romlebsac gaaCniaT xedvisa da
smenis unari. e. i. iseTi robotebis Seqmna, romlebic xedaven da romlebsac `esmiT~.E
eqspertuli sistemebi yvelaze ufro gamoiyenebian marTvis mxardasaWerad. am sistemebSi Cadebulia
eqspertis mier gadawyvetilebis miRebis logika.
neironuli inteleqtualuri sistemebi moqmedeben adamianis nervuli sistemis msgavsad. eqspertul sistemas
gaaCnia Semdegi struqtura (codnis inJineri sxvadasxva eqspertidan miRebul codnas CaitvirTavs kompiuterSi
(codnis bazaSi). bazaSi moTavsebuli wesebisa da daskvnebis safuZvelze miiReba gadawyvetileba. daskvnis
gakeTebisa da momxmareblis interfeisi warmoadgens eqspertuli sistemis erT-erT bloks. Ddaskvnebis bloki
warmoadgens logikur karkas, sadac xdeba gansja. aRniSnuli bloki uzrunvelyofilia daskvnis wesebiT da
parametrebiT. sxvadasxva codnis bazebze Seqmnil sxvadasxva eqspertul sistemaSi SeiZleba gamoyenebul
iqnes erTi da igive daskvnis Semqmneli bloki. momxmareblis interfeisi gankuTvnilia saboloo
momxmareblisaTvis. mag., dabali kvalifikaciis menejerisaTvis.garda aRniSnuli blokebisa eqspertuli sistemis
stuqturaSi Sedis axsnis bloki, romelic ganmartavs ratom miiRo sistemam aseTi gadawyvetileba.
codnis dagrovebis bloki exmareba codnis inJiners codnis bazaSi daskvnebis wesebisa da parametrebis
registraciaSi. eqspertuli sistemebi gamoiyeneba swavlebis, dagegmvis, prognozirebis, monitoringis,
diagnostikisa da monacemebis interpretaciis saxis amocanebis gadasawyvetad.
identifikaciis eqspertul sistemas miekuTneba sxvadasxva tipis saokeano gemebis aRmomCeni sistema –
SLAR-i. Mmonitoringis eqspertuli sistemis daniSnulebaa monacemebis uwyveti interpretacia, realuri drois
reJimSi moaxdinos samarTavi obieqtis ama Tu im parametris dasaSvebi diapazonidan gamosvlis
signalizacia. am SemTxvevaSi, mTavari problemaa sagangaSo situaciis `SeumCnevloba~ an `yalbi~ situaciis
SemTxvevaSi `gangaSis~ atexva. am problemis sirTule imaSi mdgomareobs, rom sagangaSo signalebis
simptomebi mkveTrad araa gamoxatuli da aucilebeli xdeba drois konteqsturi aRricxva, mag.,
eleqtosadgurebis muSaobis kontrolis sistema _ SPRINT, atomuri sadgurebis dispetCerebis damxmare sistema
_ Reactori, qimiur qarxnebSi avariuli gadamwodebis kontrolis sistemaFalKON-i da sxv. prognozirebis
sistemebs mocemuli situaciidan gamoyavT albaTuri Sedegebi. Mmaorganizebel sistemebSi Cveulebriv
gamoiyeneba parametruli dinamikuri modeli, romelSiac parametrebis mniSvnelobebis morgeba xdeba
situaciidan gamomdinare. am modelis daskvnidan miRebuli Sedegia prognozirebis safuZveli, albaTuri
SefasebebiT. mag., amindis prognozirebis sistema – Willard-i, prognozirebis sistema ekonomikaSi – Econ-i,
soflis meurneobaSi mosavlis Sefasebis sistema _ Plant-i.

dagegmvis eqspertuli sistema. dagegmvaSi igulisxmeba im obieqtebis moqmedebis gegmis povna, romelsac
unari gaaCnia Seasrulos zogierTi funqcia. aseT eqspertul sistemebSi gamoiyeneba realuri obieqtebis qcevis
modelebi. mag., mrewvelobaSi dakveTebis dagegmva _ ISIS-i, eqsperimentis dagegmva _ MOLGENi,
robotebis qcevis dagegmva_ STRIPS-i.

swavleba. mswavlebeli sistemebi axdenen im Secdomebis diagnostikas, romelsac adgili aqvs romelime
disciplinis Seswavlisas da karnaxoben swor gadawyvetilebas, axdenen codnis akumulirebas. saerTod, yvela
sistema, romelic dafuZnebulia codnaze, SeiZleba davyoT sistemebad, romlebic wyveten sistemis analizisa da
sinTezis amocanebs. ZiriTadi gansxvaveba analizis da sinTezis amocanebs Soris isaa, rom analizis
amocanebSi SeiZleba gadawyvetis ramdenime gzis CamoTvla da CarTva sistemaSi maSin, roca sinTezis
amocanebSi gadawyvetilebebis simravle potenciurad aigeba komponentebis an qveproblemebis
gadawyvetisas. analizis amocanebia: monacemebis integracia, diagnostika. sinTezis amocanebs miekuTvneba
dagegmva da proeqtireba. kombinirebuli amocanebia: swavleba, monitoringi da prognozireba.
daproeqteba. daproeqtebis eqspertuli sistemaAadre gansazRvruli Tvisebebis mixedviT `obieqtis~
SeqnisaTvis qmnis specifikaciebs. specifikacia warmoadgens daproeqtebisaTvis yvela aucilebel dokumentTa
erTobliobas. mag., naxazebi, ganmartebiTi Canawerebi da a. S. aseTi sistemis agebisas ZiriTad siZneles
wamoadgens obieqtis Sesaxeb codnis struqturizebuli aRweris miReba.Ddaproeqtebis amocanebSi
erTmaneTTan mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli ori ZiriTadi procesi eqspertuli sistemis CarCoebSi gadawyvetilebis
gamotanis da axsnis.

3.12. aRmasrulebeli sainformacio sistemebi Executive Support System (ESS.)

marTvis strategiul doneze, aRniSnul sistemebs gadawyvetilebis miRebisas iyeneben ufrosi menejerebi. es
sistemebi gamoiyeneba arastruqturizebuli gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, sistemur analizs ukeTeben gare
garemos, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva gadawyvetilebis miRebisas farTod gamoiyenon gare monacemebi ( mag.,
monacemebi konkurentebis da axali sagadasaxado kanonebis Sesaxeb), axdenen miRebuli informaciis
SekumSvas, gafiltrvas, avlenen kritikul monacemebs da, Sesabamisad, amcireben xelmZRvanelisaTvis
sasargeblo informaciis miwodebis dros. aRniSnuli sainformacio sistema gansxvaebiT sxva sainformacio
sistemebisagan ar gamoiyeneba calkeuli problemebis gadasawyvetad, misi daxmarebiT wydeba kompleqsuri
problemebi. aRmasrulebeli sainformacio sistema exmareba menejers miiRos pasuxi Semdeg kiTxvebze:

 ra saxis biznesia xelsayreli?

 ras akeTeben konkurentebi?
 ra unda SeiZinos firmam, rom Tavidan aicilos cikluri saqmiani ryevebi?
 romeli struqturuli elementi unda gayidos firmam, rom gazardos naRdi fulis raodenoba?

3.13. moTxovnebis damuSavebis dialoguri sistemebi Transaction Processing System (TPS)

moTxovnebis dialoguri damuSavebis sistemebi gamoiyeneba organizaciis eqsploataciis doneze. igi aris
kompiuteruli sistema, romelic asrulebs da angariSobs biznesisaTvis saWiro ruTinul transaqciebs. mag.,
gayidvebis komerciuli gaangariSebebi, sastumroebSi adgilebis dajavSvna, mosamsaxureTa angariSebis
Senaxva. eqsploataciis doneze amocanebis miznebi da resursebi gansazRvruli da formalize-bulia. mag.,
dabali donis mmarTvelis mier gadawyvetilebis miReba klientisaTvis kreditis gamoyofis Sesaxeb miiReba
ukve SemuSavebuli kriteriumebis mixedviT. am SemTxvevaSi, saWiro xdeba mxolod imis dadgena, Tu
ramdenad Seesabameba klienti am moTxovnebs.

3.14. mmarTveli sainformacio sistემები Management Information System (MIS)

mmarTveli sainformacio sistemebi emsaxureba organizaciis mmarTvelobiT dones. igi menejers uzrunvelyofs
informaciiT moxsenebebis mosamzadeblad da arqivSi ganTavsebuli informaciis misaRebad. maTi
gamoyeneba orientrebulia firmis Siga Sedegebze. pirvel rigSi, igi gamoiyeneba marTvis doneze
gadawyvetilebis misaRebad da dagegmvisa da marTvis funqciebis Sesasruleblad. aRniSnuli sistema ajamebs
Sedegebs da awvdis menejers, es ukanskneli aRniSnulis safuZvelze amzadebs moxsenebas. mmarTvelobiTi
sainformacio sistemebi uzrunvelyofs: saeqploatacio da mmarTvelobiT doneze struqturizebul da naklebad
struqturizebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebas. mas iyeneben mTavari menejerebis saStato ganrigis
gasaangariSeblad. es sistemebi orientirebulia angariSgebebisa da kontrolisaTvis da iyenebs arsebul saerTo
monacemebs da monacemTa nakadebs, gaaCnia analizis SedarebiT mcire SesaZleblobebi. igi gadawyetilebis
miRebisas daxmarebisaTvis iyenebs rogorc axlandel monacemebs, aseve gasuli drois monacemebs, igi
SedarebiT mouqnelia, orientirebulia firmis Siga gamoyenebaze, informaciaze moTxovnileba cnobilia da
mdgradi. mmarTveli sainformacio sistemebi emsaxurebian im menejerebs, romlebsac ainteresebT
yoveldRiuri, yovelTviuri da yovelwliuri Sedegebi.

3.15. gadawyvetilebebis miRebis mxardamWeri sistemebi Decision Support System (DSS)

gadawyvetilebis miRebis mxardamWeri sistemebi aRmocen-dnen gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi. am saxis
sistemebis Seqmnis ZiriTad mizans wamoadgenda daxmareboda saboloo momxmarebels naklebad
struqturizebuli da arastruqturizebuli problemebis gadawyvetaSi. sistema muSaobs interaqtiur reJimSi.
gadawyvetilebis mxardamWeri sistemebis daniSnulebaa daexmaros menejers daproeqtirebisas, Seafasos
alternativebi da kontroli gauwios gadawyvetilebis realizaciis process. maTi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia
marTvis sxvadasxva doneze. mag., mTavar menejerebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon finansuri mxardamWeri
sistemebi. mizani: ganWvriton investiciebisaTvis saerTo fondebis gamoyenebis sargeblianoba. igive sistema
da monacemebi SeiZleba gamoiyenon saSualo donis menejerebmac, ganyofilebis fondebis proeqtebis
ganyofilebis SigniT gasanawileblad. proeqtis xelmZRvanelebs SeuZliaT es sistema gamoiyenon imisaTvis,
rom daiwyon TavianTi proeqtebi. am SemTxvevaSi, sistemam (ufros menejerebs) regularulad unda
miawodos informacia daxarjuli fulis raodenobis Sesaxeb. gadawyvetilebis miRebis mxardamWeri sistema
gamoiyeneba koleqtiuri gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi.Ggadawyvetilebis miRebis mxardamWeri
sistemebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia:

 sistemisadmi momxmareblis swrafi adaptacia;

 momxmarebels SeuZlia kontroli gauwios sistemis Sesasvlels da gamosasvles;
 sistemis gamoyeneba ar saWiroebs profesionali programistebis daxmarebas;
 sistema uzrunvelyofs iseT problemebze mmarTvelobiTi gadawyvetilebis miRebis
mxardaWeras, romlic winaswar araa cnobili;
 iyenebs modelirebis instrumentalur saSualebebs darTul analizs;
 sistemas sxva sistemebTan SedarebiT gaaCnia didi analizuri SesaZleblobebi;
 momxmareblebs SeuZliaT am sistemaSi uSualod muSaoba;
 sistema moicavs momxmareblisaTvis moxerxebul programul uzrunvelyofas;
 momxmarebels SeuZlia adre Seyvanili monacemebis Secvla axliT.
sistemas SeuZlia pasuxi gasces ara marto iseT kiTxvaze rogoricaa `ra iqneba Tu~,
aramed msgavs kiTxvebzec. moviyvanoT im kiTxvebis CamonaTvali, romelzedac
gadawyvetilebis miRebis mxardamWer sistemas SeuZlia pasuxis gacema:
  saqmis analizi – gamomavali sidideebis mniSvnelobebis Sefaseba, Semavali
cvladebis winaswar mocemuli mniSvnelobebisaTvis;
 parametruli analizi _ (`ra iqneba Tu~) gamosavali sidideebis mniSvnelobaTa
Sefaseba, Semavali cvladebis mniSvnelobebis Secvlisas (`mniSvnelobebis
analizi~);
 zemoqmedebis analizi _ yvela im cvladebis dadgena, romlebic
zemoqmedeben amorCeuli saSedego cvladis mniSvnelobaze da saSedego
cvladis mniSvnelobis cvlilebis mgrZnobiarobis analizi _ saSedego cvladebis
qcevis gamokvleva, erTi an ramdenime Semavali cvladebis mniSvnelobebis
Secvlisas;
 SesaZleblobebis analizi _ Semavali cvladebis mniSvnelobaTa Sefaseba
Semavali cvladis gansazRvruli sididiT cvlilebisas;
 monacemebis analizi _ modelSi adre arsebuli monacemebis pirdapiri Seyvana
da prognozirebisaTvis maTze manipulireba;
 Sedareba da agregireba _ ori an meti prognozis Sedegebis Sedareba
cvladebis sxvadasxva mniSvnelobebisas anu winaswar navaraudebi Sedegebis
Sedareba faqtiurad miRebulTan;
 riskis analizi _ Semavali sididebis SemTxveviTi cvlilebisas, gamomavali
cvladebis mniSvnelobaTa Sefaseba;
 optimizacia _ marTvadi Semavali cvladebis im mniSvnelobebis monaxva,
romlis drosac gamomavali cvladis an cvladebis mniSvnelobebi saukeTesoa.

3.16. codnis samuSaoebisa da saqmiswarmoebis avtomatizaciis sistemebi KKnowledge Woprk

System (KWS), Office Automation Systems (OAS).

codnis samuSaobis da saqmiswarmoebis avtomatizaciis sistemebi organizacias emsaxurebian codnis doneze

informciaze moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad. codnis samuSaoebis sistemebi codnis muSakebs exmarebian
saqmis warmoebisa da monacemebis damuSavebis avtomatizaciaSi. codnis muSakebs miekuTnebian is
adamianebi, romlebsac gaaCniaT samecniero xarisxi da muSaoben inJinrebad, eqimebad, advokatebad,
mecnierebad. maT samuSaos warmoadgens axali informaciis, codnis Seqmna. codnis samuSao sistemebi xels
uwyobs axali codnis Seqmnas. codnis samuSao sistemebi inJinrisa da mecnieris - samuSao sadgurebis da,
agreTve, avtomatizebuli samuSao adgilebis saxiT, xels uwyobs axali codnis Seqnas da biznesSi axali codnisa
da teqnikuri gamocdilebis integrirebas. monacemTa dammuSaveblebs gaaCniaT naklebi codna da
samecniero xarisxi, vidre codnis muSakebs. monacemTa damuSavebis jgufSi gaerTanebuli arian mdivnebi,
buRaltrebi, saqmismwaroeblebi an menejerebi. maT samuSaos Seadgens informaciiT sargebloba da misi
gavrceleba. saqmis warmoebis avtomatizaciiis sistemebis daniSnulebaa ofisebSi aamaRlon monacemTa
dammuSavebelTa Sromisnayofiereba.