A 60 Hz synchronous generator having inertia constant H = 5 MJ/MVA and a direct

axis transient reactance X’d = 0.3 p.u. is connected to an infinite bus through a
purely reactive circuit as shown below. Reactance's are marked on the diagram on a
common system base. The generator is delivering real power Pe = 0.8 p.u. and Q =
0.074 p.u. to an infinite bus at a voltage of V = 1.0 p.u.
a) Determine the transient internal voltage, E’.
b)

c)

Solution

■ The current flowing into the infinite bus is

𝑆∗ 0.8 − 𝑗0.074
𝐼 = ∗ = = 0.8 − 𝑗0.074 𝑝. 𝑢.
𝑉 1.0∠0°
■ The transfer reactance between internal voltage and the infinite bus before
fault is:
(𝑗0.3 × 𝑗0.3)
𝑋# = 𝑗0.3 + 𝑗0.2 + (𝑗0.3 ∥ 𝑗0.3) = 𝑗0.3 + 𝑗0.2 + = 𝑗0.65 𝑝. 𝑢.
(𝑗0.3 + 𝑗0.3)
■ The transient internal voltage is:
𝐸 $ = 𝑉 + 𝑗𝑋# 𝐼 = 1.0 + (𝑗0.65)(0.8 − 𝑗0.074) = 1.17∠26.387° 𝑝. 𝑢.
■ Pre-fault:
– Since both line are intact when the fault is cleared, the power angle
equation at pre-fault:
|𝐸′||𝑉| (1.17)(1.0)
𝑃%&' sin 𝛿 = sin 𝛿 = sin 𝛿 = 1.8 sin 𝛿
𝑋# 0.65
■ During fault:
– The equivalent reactance between generator and the infinite bus
(𝑗0.5)(𝑗0.3) + (𝑗0.5)(𝑗. 015) + (𝑗0.3)(𝑗0.15)
𝑋( = = 𝑗1.8 𝑝. 𝑢.
𝑗0.15
■ The power-angle curve during fault:
|𝐸′||𝑉| (1.17)(1.0)
𝑃(%&' sin 𝛿 = sin 𝛿 = sin 𝛿 = 0.65 sin 𝛿
𝑋( 1.8
■ Post fault:
 – When fault is cleared the faulted line is isolated. Therefore, the post
fault transfer reactance:
𝑋) = 𝑗0.3 + 𝑗0.2 + 𝑗0.3 = 𝑗0.8 𝑝. 𝑢.
■ The power angle curve after fault is
|𝐸′||𝑉| (1.17)(1.0)
𝑃)%&' sin 𝛿 = sin 𝛿 = sin 𝛿 = 1.4625 sin 𝛿
𝑋) 0.8
𝑃, 0.8
𝛿* = 𝑠𝑖𝑛+# G H = 𝑠𝑖𝑛+# G H = 26.39° = 0.4606 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑃#%&' 1.8
𝑃, 0.8
𝛿%&' = 180° − 𝑠𝑖𝑛+# G H = 180° − 𝑠𝑖𝑛+# G H = 146.84° = 2.5628 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑃)%&' 1.4625