Energy Harvesting

(Q1) Answer:
Energy harvesting (also known as power harvesting or energy scavenging or ambient power) The
process by which energy is derived from external sources (e.g., solar power, RF energy thermal
energy, wind energy, salinity gradients, and kinetic energy, also known as ambient
energy),Captured, and stored for small, wireless autonomous devices, like those used in wearable
electronics and wireless sensor networks.
(Q2) Answer:
2.45GHz.
(Q3) Answer:
Near Field: The Near Field Region is the region right next to the antenna. It is defined by the
following equation:

In this region, the fields are sort of

unpredictable and therefore no measurements are usually made in this region.
Far Field: The Far Field Region is the region that comes after the near radiative near field. In
this region, the EM fields are dominated by radiating fields. The E and H-fields are orthogonal to
each other and to the direction of propagation as with plane waves. The far-field region is
represented by the following equation:

Antennas are usually used to transfer

signals at large distances which are considered to be in the far-field region. One condition that
must be met when making measurements in the far field region is that the distance from the
antenna must be much greater than the size of the antenna and the wavelength.
(Q4) Answer:
Antenna, Rectifier, Matching Network
(Q5) Answer:
Radiated Power transfer: (a) radio Wave (2) Microwave (c) Laser
(Q6) Answer:
To match the Input impedance of antenna rectifier which will reduce reflection between antenna
and rectifier.
(Q7) Answer:
Effective permittivity is averaged dielectric characteristics of a micro inhomogeneous medium.
(Q8) Answer:
Two advantages:
1. Faster recovery time. The small amount of charge stored within a Schottky diode makes it
ideal for high speed switching applications.
2. Less noise. The Schottky diode will produce less unwanted noise than your typical p-n
junction diode.
(Q9) Answer:
Increase Impedance mismatched between antenna and rectifier which is the cause of high
reflection power.
(Q10) Answer:
1. Powering IoT devices
2. Body Area network
3. Sensor node and etc.

Smart EVAR Stent-graft

(Q1) Answer:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA or triple A) is a localized enlargement of the abdominal
aorta such that the diameter is greater than 3 cm or more than 50% larger than normal. They
usually cause no symptoms, except during rupture. Occasionally, abdominal, back, or leg pain
may occur. Large aneurysms can sometimes be felt by pushing on the abdomen. Rupture may
result in pain in the abdomen or back, low blood pressure, or loss of consciousness, and often
results in death.
(Q2) Answer:
There are two main types of surgery for aortic aneurysms:
1. Open abdominal or open chest repair.
2. Endovascular repair.

(Q3) Answer:
Endovascular aneurysm repair, is a type of endovascular surgery used to treat pathology of the
aorta, most commonly an abdominal aortic aneurysm. 
(Q4) Answer:
There are five types:
 type I: leak at graft ends (inadequate seal) - most common after repair of thoracic aortic
aneurysms
o Ia: proximal

o Ib: distal
o Ic: iliac occluder

 type II: sac filling via branch vessel (e.g. lumbar or inferior mesenteric artery)
o most common after repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms 4 (80%)

o sometimes referred to as a "retroleak"

o enthusiastic examiners sometimes ask for the eponymous name of the large
collateral artery between the IMA and SMA = Riolan's arch
o most spontaneously resolve and require no treatment

o IIa: single vessel
o IIb: two vessels or more

 type III: leak through a defect in graft fabric (mechanical failure of graft)
o IIIa: junctional separation of the modular components

o IIIb: fractures or holes involving the endograft

 type IV: a generally porous graft (intentional design of graft)

 type V: endotension
(Q5) Answer:
Temperature Sensors measure the amount of heat energy or even coldness that is generated by an
object or system.
(Q6) Answer:
A permanent magnet or electromagnet positioned around the blood vessel generates a magnetic
field perpendicular to the direction of the flow of the blood. Voltage induced in the moving
blood column is measured with stationary electrodes located on opposite sides of the blood
vessel and perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field.
(Q7) Answer:
Pressure transducers have a sensing element of constant area and respond to force applied to this
area by fluid pressure. The force applied will deflect the diaphragm inside the pressure
transducer. The deflection of the internal diaphragm is measured and converted into an electrical
output.
(Q8) Answer:
The tungsten heating element is heated up and the top of graft is stick to the vessel wall
permanently
(Q9) Answer:
The most common wire-based self-expanding stent is the WallStent (BSC), a
braided design using multiple elgiloy (cobalt- based alloy) wires. This allows continuous
production, i.e. the stents can be cut to length from a long wire-mesh 'hose'.
(Q10) Answer:
The purpose of a voltage regulator is to keep the voltage in a circuit relatively close to a desired
value. Voltage regulators are one of the most common electronic components, since a power
supply frequently produces raw current that would otherwise damage one of the components in
the circuit.