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Quarter 1 - Module 2
Using Conditionals in
Expressing Arguments

Sagay City Division

MODULE 2
Using conditionals in expressing arguments
Sub-theme: Making Up Your Mind About Issues in Life
General Introduction of the Lesson
Hi! Welcome to lesson 2.
In the first lesson, you finished the learning tasks about expressing permission,
obligation and prohibition using modals. You also knew that following protocol is
important for your personal safety. You learned from the conversations the importance
of following protocol in order to survive in COVID 19 crisis. Furthermore, you also
learned that cooperation is very important because we need each other in building a
strong network against COVID 19 and other problems that challenges our nation.
In this lesson, you are going to learn how to use conditionals in expressing
argument. There are many issues in life that we have encountered now a days caused
by the COVID 19 pandemic, and other factors particularly issues about health,
education, economy, human rights and other related concerns. As a 21st century
learner, you need to make up decisions that affect your present conditions and future
success in life; you need to make up your mind concerning current issues about life
that will impact your future. You need to develop your reasoning to assert a clear view
to protect your basic right as a human endowed with freedom to choose wisely.
Before you do your learning tasks, read the objectives that will guide you what
you need to do when you complete this lesson.

Lesson Objectives
Specifically, your objectives in this module are:
1. determine the meaning of word used in the text or passage;
2. infer meaning of a line or statement;
3. define an argument, conditionals and hypothetical statement;
4. note structure of clauses and forms of verbs used in a conditional statement;
5. choose the correct form of verb to complete the conditional sentence; and
5. use conditional in expressing arguments.

Learning Tasks and Assessments

Pre-assessment: Pre-test

Begin your main task in this pre-test. Your pre-test will reveal to some extent
your prior knowledge about using conditionals. Do not worry if you do not know the
correct answer of the pre-test. It is not a graded test. Just do your best to check your
prior knowledge about the topic by answering the test with sincerity.

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 Task 1. Answering the Diagnostic Test or Pre-test

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer in
your paper.
1. What is a conditional sentence?
a. It is a sentence that expresses command or request.
b. It is a sentence that expresses diverse opinions or views.
c. It is a sentence that contains hypothetical assertion or claim.
d. It is sentence that provides information about certain condition or
phenomena.

2. What is an argument?
a. a set of reasons that aims to persuade
b. a set of sentences that expresses a complete idea
c. a set of sentences that explains how and why something exists
d. a set of sentences that provides cause and effect relationships

3. What is a hypothetical statement in grammar?

a. An “if statement” that contains predictions
b. A conditional statement that contains if clause and result clause
c. A statement that contains the premise of an argument or persuasion
d. A tentative guess made by a scientist about relationship among variables

4. Which of the statements below expresses a correct form of conditional sentence?

a. If you sow a thought, you could harvest an action.
b. If you sow an action, you will reap or harvest a habit.
c. If you sow a habit, you would certainly reap a character development.
d. If you sow a character, you harvest the success of wholesome personality.

5. What is the verb form used in condition clause in a conditional sentence, “If global
warming is not controlled, many living thing will die”?
a. future simple
b. present form of verb be
c. modals and past perfect
d. modals and future perfect

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(6-10) Read the passage then, answer the questions.

“If You Consider This, You Would Think Big!”

By: JEV Manait

1 If
you throw a stone, it goes back.
2That’s gravity!
3The law of nature teaches us there is a consequence in an action.

4If
you criticize a child; he will learn timidity.
5That’s soul’s response!
6Our human nature prompts us to wear our protective shield.

7If
I were you, I would choose to praise rather than to criticize.
8That’s positivity!
9The law of love causes us to build not to hurt someone’s feeling.

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If you take time to think big, the world will be a better place to live.
11That’s the power of paradigm!
12The thought of man dictates his beliefs, attitudes, and outcomes.

6. It can be inferred that the meaning of the word timid in line 4 means
a. sad b. shy c. lonely d. anxious

7. To criticize means
a. to stop b. to praise c. to boost d. to condemn

8. The word paradigm is line 11 refers to

a. belief b. argument c. judgment d. acceptance

9. Looking at the structure of the conditional statement in line 1,

“If you throw a stone, it goes back”, the form of verb used in both clauses are
a. simple past form of verb
b. simple present form of verb
c. simple progressive form of verb
d. modal and infinitive form of verb

10. In line 4, the if clause contains a present form of verb while the result clause
contains, “If you criticize a child; he will learn timidity”.
a. auxiliary verb will plus base form of verb
b. auxiliary verb will plus past progressive form of verb
c. auxiliary verb will plus the future progressive form of verb
d. auxiliary verb will plus the future perfect progressive form of verb

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(11-15) Read the paragraph then, answer the questions.

COVID 19 wouldn’t have spread if people hadn’t violated the protocol provided
by the Department of Health (DOH). Since the beginning of the spread of Corona virus,
the government have been giving warning to people to stay at home but a lot of people
are not afraid to travel. Some of them caused the spread of the virus. However, some
critic claims that if the government raised the awareness of people on the danger of
COVID 19 in the highest level, the rapid increase of contamination wouldn’t hike higher
and higher in highly populated areas in the country. Some of people are obviously
ignorant on the menace of COVID 19 to health and very own existence.

11. The word protocol means

a. code of conduct b. gravity of danger
c. enforcement of law d. seriousness of warning

12. It has been argued that

a. violation of code is the main reason of the spread of virus
b. DOH is to be blamed of the rapid spread of the Corona virus
c. all people are to be blamed of the rapid spread of the Covid 19 virus
d. the lack of awareness among people is the main cause of the contagion

13. The conditional sentence found in the sentence one of the paragraph expresses
a. an opinion b. an argument
c. a counter claim d. a counter argument

14. The verb used in the conditional clause of sentence 1, “COVID 19 wouldn’t have
spread if people hadn’t violated the protocol provided by the Department of Health
(DOH)”, is
a. past perfect form b. future perfect form
c. present perfect form d. past perfect progressive form

15. The clause, “if people hadn’t violated” is also known as the
a. antecedent b. consequent c. modality d. independent

B. Direction: Use the correct form of verb to complete the conditional sentence using
the clue in verb enclosed the parenthesis .

16. If artificial intelligence (AI) is used in school, teacher ______ be ____(replace) by

robots.

17. If the Covid 19 contagion is controlled all over the world, we ____ _____ (go) back
to the normal as soon as possible.

18. If I were a bird, I ____ _____ (fly) away to find a very comfortable and safe place
away from the possible contamination.

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19. ______ you (know) me if we had not meet each other?

20. If I ____ (finished) my task, I would proceed to a more complex task.

Task 2. Observing the Structure of Conditionals

In this part of the lesson, you will engage yourself in observing or noting
structure of a conditional sentence and verb form used in the clauses. Read the inputs
to understand the structure of conditional sentence

Reading Input 1. Structure and Types of Conditional Sentences

A conditional sentence is a sentence that contains a conditional clause or if-

clause (also known as dependent clause) and a result clause (also known as
independent clause). The If-clause states a hypothesis or conditions (it can be real,
unreal, factual or not) . The main clause or result-clause contains the outcome or
consequence of a condition stated in the hypothesis.
However, a conditional clause does not always contain a subordinating
conjunction “if”. It can be introduced by conditional subordinators such as on
condition that, provided that, as long as, in the case of and the word unless
according to Richard Nordquist (2020).
In noting structure of conditional sentence, it is also useful to look closely on
the form or verbs and tenses of verb used in the sentence.
Ida Patron Yap in English Plus a Communicative Approach (2005) classifies
the types of conditional sentences such as present conditional, future conditional and
past conditional.

A. Present Conditional: It is used to express real or factual, and unreal or contrary

to the fact situation.

a. Examples of conditional for real or factual situation or general truth.

• If global warming continues, the ice caps melt.
• I we maintain positive attitude; our mental condition remains healthy.
•
• Structure and Verb Forms in Present Conditional Expressing Real or
Factual Situation

The ‘If Clauses’: If global warming continues

If we maintain positive attitude

In if clause (subordinate clause) of conditional sentence expressing real

situation or fact, the verb form is either takes an s-form (ex. continues) or simple
form (ex. maintain).

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 Result Clauses: The ice caps melt.
Our mental condition remains healthy.

In result clause of conditional sentence expressing real situation or fact and

general truth, the form of verbs must be either s-form (ex. remains) or simple form (ex.
melt).
However, if the result clause uses a modal, the modal should be in the present
form.
Example: If you want to go with us, you can do it now.

b. Examples of conditional for unreal or contrary factual situation.

• If you told me about your story; I would understand you better.
• If humans were stones; they would feel nothing about Corona virus.

• Structure and Verb Forms in Present Conditional Expressing unreal or

contrary to fact situation.

If Clauses: If you told me about your story

If humans were stones
Result Clauses: I would understand you better.
They would feel nothing about Corona virus.
In the given examples, the verb used in conditional clause (if-clause) are the
simple past form of verb ‘told” and ‘were ’ ; the verb used in the result clause or
independent clause consists of modals ‘would’ plus the base or simple form of the
verb such as understand and feel .

Short Reading Response for Present Conditional

Note:
• Reread the concept presented in this part of lesson before you move to
Practice 1 and Practice 2.

Practice 1: Choose the correct form of verb inside the parenthesis to complete the
thought of the conditional sentence. Use the clue as guide.
1. If the hot season (continues, continued), a lot of plants die. (clue: real situation).
2. If you (break, broke) the rules, you are in conflict with social norms. (clue: real
situation)
3. If it (rain, rains) regularly, farmers rejoice for the blessing of rain. (clue: real
situation)
4. If people (work, worked) together as one, our nation would be strong. (clue contrary
to fact/unreal situation)
5. If we (took, had taken) safe precautionary measures for COVID 19 seriously, the
spread of virus wouldn’t be fast. (clue: contrary to fact/unreal situation)
6. If oxygen (is, will be) enough, the body is healthy.

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7. If our needs (are, will be) sufficiently provided, we are happy.
8. If you told me to (help, helped) you, I would do it willingly.
9. If I (were, had) you, I would share my talent to make people happy.
10. Would it be enough for the people, if the government (had provided, will provide)
the food supply in this hour of crisis.

Final response to Reading Input 1.

Before you move to reading input 2, briefly answer the following questions:

1. What is a conditional sentence?

2. What is the verb form used in ‘if-clause of present conditional that expresses real
or factual information?
3. What is the verb form used in result clause of present conditional that expresses
real or factual information?
4. What is the verb form used in ‘if-clause of present conditional that expresses unreal
or contrary to the fact situation?
5. What is the verb form used in ‘result clause of present conditional that expresses
unreal or contrary to the fact situation?

If you finish this section, you may rest for a while and then proceed to reading
input 2.

Reading Input 2. Structure and Types of Conditional Sentences

In this section, you need to concentrate on the structure of future conditional.

Always focus on the thought and forms of verbs in the sentence. However, be intuitive
in using the language in daily undertaking. Bear in mind that language must be used
naturally as must as possible to avoid getting anxious when you use English language.
B. Future Conditional: It is used to express conditions with expected result in the
future.
Examples:
1. If there is a low lying cloud, there will be a coming rain.
2. If you plant something, you will harvest it in due time.
3. If people understand the nature of Covid 19, they will take an extra
precautionary measure.

• Structure and Verb Forms in Future Conditional

In the given examples, the verb used in conditional clause (if-clause) are
in present form while in the result clause the verb used is in simple future form
(will plus base form of verb).

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Short Reading Response for Future Conditional

Practice 2: Choose the correct form of verb inside the parenthesis to complete the
thought of the conditional sentence.
1. If you quit studying, you (stagnated, will stagnate,).
2. If you are self-reliant, you (will not, were not) be deprived of dignity.
3. If you take things positively, you (prevented, will prevent,) fear from spreading.
4. If you keep worrying about the pandemic, you (will get, are getting) anxious about
the future.
5. If you sanitize your hand with soap or alcohol at least every two hours, you (were,
will be,) safe from the infection.
6. If you (read, will read) your module well, you will have a greater edge compare to
others who just read it haphazardly.
7. If you (consider, considered) the guidance of mature individuals, you will be safe
from danger.
8. If you (prepare, prepared) ahead of time, you won’t be worried of many things in
the future.
9. If you (take, took) time to listen, you will have no difficulty in staying connected with
the group.
10. If you (pray, prayed), it will ease your sadness.

Final response to Reading Input 2.

Before you move to reading input 3, briefly answer the following questions:
1. What is the verb form used in ‘if-clause’ of future conditional?
2. What is the verb form used in the ‘result clause’ of future conditional?

If you finished this section, you may proceed now to reading input 3.

Reading Input 3. Structure and Types of Conditional Sentences

In this section, you are going to read concepts about past conditional. Do not
forget to take notice on the form of verbs in both “if-clause” and “result-clause”.

C. Past Conditional: It presents unreal or contrary-to-fact idea which did not occur in
the past.
Examples:
1. The students might have done the face to face class interaction if the President had
declared it.
2. We could have used the Google classroom if all had the technology we need.
3. We would have stopped the spreading of Corona virus if all of us had cooperated
to the government protocol or rules of conduct.

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 • Structure and Verb Forms in Past Conditional
The past perfect form of verb (had + past participle of main verb) is used in
conditional clause or if-clause like hadn’t happened, had declared and had reached.
The modals might, would and/or could plus have and the past participle of the verb is
used in result clause like might have done, could have used and would have stopped.

Short Reading Response for Past Conditional

Practice 3: Choose the correct form of the verb inside the parenthesis to complete the
thought of the conditional sentence.
1. We would have stopped the Corona Virus if we (created, had created) the vaccine.
2. We might have taken the amelioration support early if the local government (had
procured, will have procured) it earlier from the central office.
3. The overseas workers could have gone home early, if the quarantine procedure
(hadn’t lasted, haven’t lasted) long.
4. The COVID would have stopped from spreading to other countries, if international
ports (closed, had been closed).
5. We might have taken early precautionary measure against COVID 19, if China
(disclosed, had disclosed) the information about the virus earlier.
6. We (would have had, would had had) internet connectivity if our current technology
had been upgraded to 5 G.
7. Some people (won’t panicked, wouldn’t have panicked, if fake news hadn’t spread
fast.
8. Some COVID 19 front liners (won’t die, wouldn’t have died) if people had stayed at
home during the quarantine period.
9. We (can avoid, could have avoided) shortage of supply if we had stored enough
food before the pandemic.
10. If we had taken our responsibility seriously, we (won’t be, wouldn’t be afraid) of
being caught not doing your assigned task.

Task 3. Expressing Argument Using Conditional Sentence

Reading Input 4.

In this section of the lesson, you will learn how to apply conditional sentence in
expressing argument. You might be wondering what is an argument. An argument is
a logical reasoning that aims to persuade or make someone agree with you. As a 21st
century learner you must develop your skill in making argument. It would help you
assert your claim to clarify your views, principles and opinions in life. Each of us are
responsible in making up our mind about varied issues in life.

We express our argument every time that we assert our opinion or stand about
an issue. In a formal context, a debate is one venue or form of communication in which
two opposing groups express their stand on an issue. A persuasive essay is also one

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way to express your belief, opinion and logical reason to persuade an individual or a
group of audience.
In this section, you are going to express argument in casual conversation, an
informal talk or plain dialogue using conditionals.
Read the conversations. Bear in mind that any talk or conversation cannot
happen if there are no participants, topic, communication situation and language used.
Some of the language expressions used by the speakers are conditionals. This will
help you develop your skill in expressing your argument using conditional.

In the conversation below, Trisha and Micah express their stand or opinions
about the preferable ways in coping problems that arises during this current crisis. The
talk is focused on the mode of learning suitable for learners in this hour of COVID 19
crisis. Mode of learning are different manners or ways by which a learn will have
access to education like distance learning using online, modular, blended, TV-based
and radio-based instruction. By the way, if this terms are too complex for you to
comprehend, do not bother yourself. Just bear in mind that the mode of learning is the
way in which you can continue your study in this year like what you are doing now with
your modular activities.

As a general overview, the information below expresses the elements of the

talk.
Topic: The mode of learning suitable for learners in this hour of COVID 19 crisis
Issue/ Concern: People are divided in their stand whether the Department of
Education must cease its operation because of the following:

1. Face to face is prohibited by the president.

2. Modular mode of learning is difficult for both learners and parents who acts as
guide and tutor for their children.
3. Blended learning is impossible for the poor learners who do not have cellphone
and internet connection.

Participants: Trisha and Micah

Context/ Situation: Trisha and Micah are exchanging views and about preferable
learning mode or system through a conversation.

Purpose: To express one stand or opinion concerning their preferred learning mode
CONVERSATION

Trisha: Hello! How are you? How’s studying in the new normal?
Micah: Hello! I’m good. I am doing well using the modules.
Trisha: But, is it really fair to all? Couldn’t we adapt a face to face mode?

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Micah: If we use face to face, it will give us great advantage. We can directly interact
with teacher and classmates. We can collaborate with others and be
inspired in collaborative learning.
However, it is too risky. Our President had declared that there should be no
face to face mode of learning.
Trisha: How about those who want to learn to on-line?
I also heard that other schools are adapting blended learning.
What is blended learning anyway? Do you have an idea?
Micah: If I have the technology, I will choose online-mode. It has great advantage
because as 21st century learners, we need to be adept in using technology. If
we do not have a direct experience in using technology, we’ll miss the
opportunity to grow in building our ICT skills.
By the way, blended learning is a combination of online-learning using on-line
learning management systems such as google classroom, Edmodo, Hub
Human in combination with other mode of learning such as modular and
face-to-face mode.
Trisha: What if the government would provide us the allowance and the gadgets?
Micah: If the government would give us the means we need, we could have the best
opportunity to learn more using internet media. If we want to navigate to the
useful sites, we can do it easily.
Trisha: You know friend, if I were given the choice, I would quit studying this year. My
mother finds it difficult in helping me completing the modules.
Micah: Don’t worry. It is often difficult at first. If we take time to adjust, we will
develop the patience.
Eventually, we can survive. Remember, if you take it positively, you can make
it. We do not have the choice anyway. We have to make up our mind. We
need to decide now for our future.
Trisha: Thank you for the encouragement. Thank you for keeping in touch. Without
your advice, I may not make it this year.
Micah: You are very welcome. I will keep in touch with you through call and chat.

Response to Reading Input 4.

A. Direction: Answer the questions briefly.

1. Did you follow the thoughts in the conversation?

2. Are there any issues? What is/are the problems presented in the conversation?
3. Which of the two has a positive outlook in life? What is her stand about the most
preferable mode of learning suitable for learners in this hour of COVID 19 crisis?

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B. Direction: Select 5 of the given conditional sentence that contains an argument
that you can agree with. Provide support for agreement. One example is done for
you.

You may use the following expression as starter of your sentence:

• I completely agree that…
• I believe that…
• I strongly agree that …
• I agree that …

Conditional Sentence:
1. If we use face to face, it will give us great advantage.
2. If we do not have a direct experience in using technology, we’ll miss the
opportunity to grow in building our ICT skills.
3. If the government would give us the means we need, we could have the best
opportunity to learn more using internet media. If we want to navigate to the useful
sites, we can do it easily.
4. If I were given the choice, I would quit studying this year
5. If we take time to adjust, we will develop the patience.
6. If you take it positively, you can make it.

Example: 1. If we use face to face, it will give us great advantage.

I strongly agree that if we use face to face mode of learning, it will give us great
advantage. First, it would be easy for the learner to learn when he or she can directly
ask questions from the teacher to clarify ideas that are hard to understand. Most of all,
this mode of learning has been the used for many years, learners are accustomed in
having this type of learning mode. It is very easy for learners to cope.
Response 4: Prepare a short paragraph that expresses your argument concerning a
certain issue, problem or concern that requires your decision affecting your life now
and your future.
Your argument must contain at least one conditional statement. Example
is given for you.
Example:
Problem or issue: Distant learning like modular mode and on-line learning is quite
stressful.
Brief Argument: I believe that if distant learning using modular mode and online
learning continues for years, it will create more stress to the learner. If it remains as
a method of learning delivery, modules and e-book will replace the teacher. On these
reasons, distant learning must be evaluated and be combined with other mode of
delivery that directly involves the teacher.

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Reading Input 5

In this section of the lesson, you are going to read a short poem that contains
conditionals. Try to determine the meaning of unfamiliar word using the context. Infer
the meaning of line to get the message of the whole poem. Analyze the structure of
lines that contain conditional.
“What If”

By JEV Manait

L1 What if
L2 Two simple words
L3 What if put with other words
L4 Thought provoking

L5 What if COVID 19 continues?

L6
If COVID 19 continues, it will challenge us character.
L7 If COVID 19 persist, it will provoke us to find ways.
L8 If COVID 19 remains , it will make us smarter.

L9 If COVID 19 lasts, it will be embraced as part of the new normal.

L10 What if
L11 Two hunting words
L12 What if can threaten us forever

L12 Heart searching

L13 What if we give up fighting?
L14 If COVID 19 is a crossroad, we need to choose our ways.

L15
If COVID 19 is an invisible enemy, we can use faith as our shield for it.
L16
If COVID 19 is a whisper for a final chapter of life, we must face death with a
smile.
If COVID 19 is a guide, we must be humble and smart to listen.

Response 5

1. It can be inferred that the meaning of the word hunting in Line 11 means
a. chasing b. fighting c. lurking d. embracing

2. It can be inferred that crossroads in line 14 refers to

a. point of no return
b. crucial moment of decision making
c. scariest threatening situation
d. uncontrollable circumstances in life

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3. What does the speaker try to argue in stanza 1?
a. “What if” represent confusions in life
b. “What if” expresses turning point in life
c. “What if” provides sense when put into right perspectives
d. “What if” conveys non-threatening challenges in our existence

4. It can be inferred from stanza 2 that the speaker believes that

a. COVID 19 will impact change in us
b. COVID 19 will gradually destroy us
c. COVID 19 will continually threaten us
d. COVID 19 will help us find ways and means to survive

5. What does the speaker want to impart in the poem as a whole?

a. We should find ways to fight COVID 19.
b. We must keep fighting COVID 19 to our last breath.
c. We must make up our mind to stay humble and wise in facing COVID 19.
d. We should take safe precautionary measure in dealing COVID 19 pandemic.

6. “If COVID 19 is an invisible enemy, we can use faith as our shield for it”.
Based on the given above, the main verb used in result clause is in
a. simple past form b. simple present form
c. simple progressive form d. simple past progressive form

7. “If COVID 19 is a whisper for a final chapter of lifei”, we must face death with a
smile.The underlined part of the given sentence above is a/an
a. result clause b. condition clause
c. independent clause d. complete sentence

8. “If COVID 19 continues, it will challenge us character.”

The form of verb in “if-clause” is
a. simple past form b. past perfect form
c. simple future form d. simple present form / s-form

9. “If COVID 19 persist, it will provoke us to find ways.”

The form of verb in result clause is
a. simple past form
b. past perfect form
c. simple future form
d. simple present form / s-form

10. “If COVID 19 lasts, it will be embrace as part of the new normal”?
The types of conditional presented above is:
a. past conditional b. future conditional
c. present conditional (real situation) d. present conditional (unreal situation)

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Task 4. Assessing Yourself/ Post-test
Your final task is to assess yourself if you could apply what you have just
learned about conditionals.

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer in your
paper.

1. What is a conditional sentence?

a. It is a sentence that expresses command or request.
b. It is a sentence that expresses diverse opinions or views.
c. It is a sentence that contains hypothetical assertion or claim.
d. It is sentence that provides information about certain condition or
phenomena.

2. What is an argument?
a. a set of reasons that aims to persuade
b. a set of sentences that expresses a complete idea
c. a set of sentences that explains how and why something exists
d. a set of sentences that provides cause and effect relationships

3. What is a hypothetical statement in grammar?

a. An “if statement” that contains predictions
b. A conditional statement that contains if clause and result clause
c. A statement that contains the premise of an argument or persuasion
d. A tentative guess made by a scientist about relationship among variables

4. Which of the statements below expresses a correct form of conditional sentence?

a. If you sow a thought, you could harvest an action.
b. If you sow an action, you will reap or harvest a habit.
c. If you sow a habit, you would certainly reap a character development.
d. If you sow a character, you harvest the success of wholesome personality.

5. What is the verb form used in condition clause in a conditional sentence, “If global
warming is not controlled, many living thing will die”?
a. future simple
b. present form of verb be
c. modals and past perfect
d. modals and future perfect

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(6-10) Read the passage then, answer the questions.

“If You Consider This, You Would Think Big!”

By: JEV Manait
1 If you throw a stone, it goes back.

2That’s gravity!
3The law of nature teaches us there is a consequence in an action.

4If
you criticize a child; he will learn timidity.
5That’s soul’s response!
6Our human nature prompts us to wear our protective shield.

7If
I were you, I would choose to praise rather than to criticize.
8That’s positivity!

9The law of love causes us to build not to hurt someone’s feeling.

10If
you take time to think big, the world will be a better place to live.
11
That’s the power of paradigm!
12The thought of man dictates his beliefs, attitudes, and outcomes.

6. It can be inferred that the meaning of the word timid in line 4 means
a. sad b. shy c. lonely d. anxious

7. To criticize means
a. to stop b. to praise c. to boost d. to condemn

8. The word paradigm in line 11 refers to

a. belief b. argument c. judgment d. acceptance
9. Looking at the structure of the conditional statement in line 1,
“If you throw a stone, it goes back”, the form of verb used in both clauses are
a. simple past form of verb b. simple present form of verb
c. simple progressive form of verb d. modal and infinitive form of verb

10. In line 4, the if clause contains a present form of verb while the result clause
contains “If you criticize a child; he will learn timidity”.
a. auxiliary verb will plus base form of verb
b. auxiliary verb will plus past progressive form of verb
c. auxiliary verb will plus the future progressive form of verb
d. auxiliary verb will plus the future perfect progressive form of verb

(11-15) Read the paragraph then, answer the questions.

COVID 19 wouldn’t have spread if people hadn’t violated the protocol provided
by the Department of Health (DOH). Since the beginning of the spread of Corona virus,
the government have been giving warning to people to stay at home but many are not
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afraid to travel. Some of them caused the spread of the virus. However, some critic
claims that if the government raised the awareness of people on the danger of COVID
19 in the highest level, the rapid increase of contamination wouldn’t hike higher and
higher in highly populated areas in the country. Some people are obviously ignorant
on the menace of COVID 19 to health and very own existence.

11. The word protocol means

a. code of conduct b. gravity of danger
c. enforcement of law d. seriousness of warning

12. It has been argued that

a. violation of code is the main reason of the spread of virus
b. DOH is to be blamed of the rapid spread of the Corona virus
c. all people are to be blamed of the rapid spread of the Covid 19 virus
d. the lack of awareness among people is the main cause of the contagion

13. The conditional sentence found in the sentence one of the paragraph expresses
a. an opinion b. an argument c. a counter claim d. a counter argument

14. The verb used in the conditional clause of sentence 1, “COVID 19 wouldn’t have
spread if people hadn’t violated the protocol provided by the Department of Health
(DOH)”, is
a. past perfect form b. future perfect form
c. present perfect form d. past perfect progressive form

15. The clause , “if people hadn’t violated” is also known as the
a. antecedent b. consequent c. modality d. independent

Task 5. Packing Up.

Congratulations! You are about to finish this module. You need to write a brief
reflection using the guide questions:
1. What have I learned about modal?
2. Which part of this lesson I find easy to do?
3. Which part of this lesson I find difficult to accomplish?
4. How did I manage to finish answering this lesson despite of difficulties that I
encountered?

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 8. A
7. A 15. A
6. B 14. A
5. A 13. B
20. (answer: had finished ) 4. B 12. A
19. (Answer: Would you know ) 3. B 11. A
18. (answer: will fly ) 2. A 10. A
17. (Answer: we will be going) 1.C 9.B
16. (answer: would/might be replaced ) Pre-test/Posttest:

B. ANSWER KEY:

Practice 1: Choose the correct form of verb inside the parenthesis to complete the
thought of the conditional sentence. Use the clue as guide.

1. If the hot season (continues, continued), a lot of plants die. (clue: real situation).
2. If you (break, broke) rule, you are in conflict with social norms. (clue: real situation)
3. If it (rain, rains) regularly, farmers rejoice for the blessing of rain. (clue: real
situation)
4. If people (work, worked) together as one, our nation would be strong. (clue:
contrary to fact/unreal situation)
5. If we (took, had taken) safe precautionary measures for COVID 19 seriously, the
spread of virus wouldn’t be fast. (clue: contrary to fact/unreal situation)
6. If oxygen (is, will be) enough, the body is healthy.
7. If our needs (are, will be) sufficiently provided, we are happy.
8. If you told me to (help, helped) you, I would do it willingly.
9. If I (were, had) you, I would share my talent to make people happy.
10. Would it be enough for the people, if the government (had provided, will provide)
the food supply in this hour of crisis.

Practice 2

1. If you quit studying, you ( stagnated, will stagnate,).

2. If you are self-reliant, you (will not, were not) be deprived of dignity.
3. If you take things positively, you (prevented will prevent,) fear from spreading.
4. If you keep worrying about the pandemic, you (will get, are getting) anxious about
the future.
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5. If you sanitize your hand with soap or alcohol at least every two hours, you (were,
will be,) safe from the infection.
6. If you (read, will read) your module well, you will have a greater edge compare to
others who just read it haphazardly.
7. If you (consider, considered) the guidance of mature individuals, you will be safe
from danger.
8. If you (prepare, prepared) ahead of time, you won’t be worried of many things in
the future.
9. If you (take, took) time to listen, you will have no difficulty in staying connected with
the group.
10. If you (pray, prayed), it will ease your sadness.

Practice 3

1. We would have stooped the Corona Virus if we (created, had created) the vaccine.
2. We might have taken the amelioration support early if the local government ( had
procured, will have procured) it early from the central office.
3. The overseas workers could have go home early, if the quarantine procedure
(hadn’t lasted. haven’t lasted) long.
4. The COVID would have stooped from spreading to other countries, if international
port (closed, had been closed).
5. We might have taken early precautionary measure against COVID 19, if China
(disclosed, had disclosed) the information about the virus earlier.
6. We (would have had, would had had) internet connectivity if our current technology
had been upgraded to 5 G.
7. Some people (won’t panicked, wouldn’t have panicked) if fake news hadn’t spread
fast.
8. Some COVID 19 front liners (won’t die, wouldn’t have died) if people had stayed at
home during the quarantine period.
9. We (can avoid, could have avoided) shortage of supply if we had stored enough
food before the pandemic.
10. If you had taken our responsibility seriously, we (won’t be, wouldn’t be afraid) of
being caught not doing your assigned task.

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Response to Reading Input 5

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. B
8. D
9. C
10. B