Unit 2 

Interests: Lesson A Leisure time

 
Verb forms
Different verb forms come after different verbs.

can / can't

After can and can't, use just a verb:

I can speak English but

I can´t speak French.

Modal Auxiliary Verb (MAV) : Can, could, should, would, must, may, might

S MAV ( can) V C

I can speak English.

can
You write a letter.

can
He play soccer.

can
She bake a cake.

can
It jump very high.

can
We dance salsa.

can
You cook fish.

can
They sing very well.

Negative sentences

S MAV ( can+not) V C

I can´t speak English.

can´t
You write a letter.

can
He play soccer.
 can
She bake a cake.

can
It jump very high.

can
We dance salsa.

can
You cook fish.

can
They sing very well.

I can cook pizza but I can´t prepare lasagna.

I can play the piano.

I can't play very well.

 love, like, hate, prefer

I love ice cream.

I love to eat ice cream.

I love eating ice cream.

I love eat ice cream

I like romantic music.

I like to listen to romantic music.

I like listening to romantic music.

I hate vegetables.

I hate to buy vegetables.

I hate buying vegetables.

I prefer soccer

I prefer to play soccer

I prefer playing soccer.

After love, like, hate, and prefer, you can use to + verb or you can use verb + -ing. The meaning is
the same:

I love to swim. or I love swimming.

I like to play pool. or I like playing pool.
I hate to work out. or I hate working out.
I prefer to watch TV. or I prefer watching TV.
 

Hate, like, love and prefer
 

We can use hate, like, love and prefer with an -ing form or with a to-infinitive:

I  hate  to see food being thrown away.
I  love going to the cinema.
I  prefer listening to the news on radio than watching it on TV.
He  prefers to wear a tie to work.
In American English, the forms with to-infinitive are much more common than the -ing form.
There is a very small difference in meaning between the two forms. The -ing form emphasises
the action or experience. The to-infinitive gives more emphasis to the results of the action or
event. We often use the -ing form to suggest enjoyment (or lack of it), and the to-infinitive form
to express habits or preferences.
Compare

I like  making jam.

emphasis on the
He likes telling jokes.
experience/action
They don’t like sitting for too long.

We have a lot of fruit in the garden. I like to make jam a habit or preference
 every year.
I prefer  to sort out a problem as soon as I can.
If you  prefer not to go camping there are youth hostels
nearby.

The -ing form is more common than the to-infinitive form after hate and love:

I  hate  decorating. I’d rather pay a professional to do it.

would like to

I would like water

I would like to drink a glass of water

I would like pizza

I would like to eat pizza

After would like and Would you like, you can only use to + verb:

A  Would you like to play jazz?

B  I'd like to play jazz.

 
enjoy

After enjoy, you can only use verb + -ing:

I enjoy the parties

I enjoy going to parties

I enjoy to go to parties

I enjoy go to parties

I enjoy writing.

Prepositions

After prepositions, use verb + -ing:

I'm good at drawing people.

I am good at sports
 I am good at playing soccer

I am good at singing

I'm not interested in skiing.

I am interested in fiction books

I am interested in reading fiction books

I can --play--- soccer (play)

I love -- to play --- soccer (play)

I love -- playing --- soccer (play)

I enjoy - playing ---- soccer (play)

I am interested in - playing ---- soccer (play)

I would like - to play ---- soccer (play)

Unit 2  Interests: Lesson B  Music

 
Object pronouns

Maria loves Pedro.

She loves him

Pedro likes reading that book

He likes reading it

I love you

------Help me

Carlos and Daniela help their mother

They help her

There is an object pronoun for every subject pronoun:

Subject Object
pronouns pronouns

I me
you you
she her
he him
it it
we us
they them
 

In statements, subject pronouns usually come before the verb:

I'm a singer.
 He's not a good singer.

They're local guys.

In statements, object pronouns usually come after the verb:

I'm a singer. That's me on the CD.

He's not a good singer. I don't like him.

They're local guys. Do you like them?

Also use object pronouns after prepositions:

We play in a band. Come listen to us.

https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/1g171-elementary-object-pronouns-multiple-
choice.php

https://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-object-pronouns.php

https://reviewgamezone.com/mc/candidate/test/?test_id=37746&title=Subject%20Object
%20Pronouns

Unit 2  Interests: Lesson B  Music

 
Everybody, nobody
Everybody and everyone mean "all the people":

Everybody is in classes.

Everybody likes salsa

Nobody is happy with the pandemic

Nobody does homework on time.

Nobody listens classical music on parties.

Everybody / everyone is here today. (= All the students are here today.)

 

Nobody and no one mean "no people":

Nobody / no one is here today. (= There are no students here today.)

 

When everybody, everyone, nobody, or no one is the subject, use the same verb form as

after he, she, and it:

Everybody says that.

Everyone likes pop.

Nobody is a jazz fan.

No one listens to country.

Really

1. I like pizza

Really ? I don´t like it

You can use really to make statements stronger:

I'd really like to take a look sometime. (really before a verb)

I'm really good at photography. (really before an adjective)

 I would like to go to the beach.

I would really like to go to the beach

I don´t like vegetables.

I don´t really like vegetables

You can also use really to make negative statements softer:

I don't really have much time for hobbies. (really after don't or doesn't)

I'm not really interested in photography. (really after not and before an adjective)

Not really can also be a polite way to answer no:

 A  Do you do a lot of cooking?

B  Not really.

Have you finished your homework?

Not really.

Linking ideas
You can use words such as and to link two or more ideas together.

 Use and, also, especially and or to add an idea:

I enjoy knitting and I make some really cool hats.

I also like making jewelry, especially bracelets.

I'm not interested in running or jogging.

 Use but to contrast two ideas:

I'm not good at sports, but I want to do something outdoors.

 Use because to give a reason:

My friends love wearing my hats because they are unique.