Experiment – 5

Temperature Control
in a Mixing-Heating
Process

Name: Milan Poudel

Roll No.: 176226
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Observations and Graphs
1) On/Off Control: For the analysis the on/Off Control setting is used and no additional
changes are given in the simulation and we obtain the following graphs:

Figure 1 Temperature Vs Time

Figure 2 Control Signal u(KW) vs Time

2) PID Control: For this part of experiment the simulator built in PID controller setting was used
while keeping rest of the simulators setting same and following changes where observed:
a. Change in Set-Point: For this analysis the Set-point of Outlet Temperature is set
from 40ᵒ C to 50ᵒ C at t= 42 mins and the following graphs are obtained:

Figure 3 Temperature vs Time

Figure 4 Control Signal (u) vs Time

b. Changing the Disturbance (inlet Temperature T_in): For this analysis the
disturbance variable(Inlet Temperature) was changed from 20ᵒ C to 15ᵒ C at t= 73 min
and the following graphs are obtained:

Figure 5 Temperature Vs Time

Figure 6 Control Signal Vs Time Figure 7 Inlet Temperature Vs Time

3) Controller Design using Ziegler-Nichols method: For this method the ultimate gain value
was found at Kc=27, as when τi=0, τd=0 which is evident from the following graph which so
continuously oscillatory response.

Figure 8 Temperature vs Time

Figure 9 Control Signal vs Time

 From the Graph the ultimate period value pu= 5.31 mins.

a. PI Controller: Using these parameters we obtain the PI controller parameters as

Kc=12.15 and τi=265.5 s and we observe when set point is change from 40 C to 50 C at t=
37 min and T_env is changed from 20 C to 30 C at t= 71 min and T_in is change from 20 C
to 15 C at t= 100 min from which the following graphs are obtained:

Figure 10 Temperature vs Time

Figure 11 Control Signal Vs time

‘;

Figure 12Surrounding Temperature Vs Time Figure 13 Inlet Temperature Vs Tim

b. PID Controller: Using the parameters we obtain the PID controller parameters were the
found to be Kc=16.2 and τi=159.3 s, τd=39.63 and we observe when set point is change
from 40 C to 50 C at t= 37 min and T_env is changed from 20 C to 30 C at t= 71 min and
T_in is change from 20 C to 15 C at t= 100 min from which the following graphs are
obtained:

Figure 14 Temperature Vs Time

Figure 15 Control Signal Vs Time

Figure 16 Ambient Temperature vs Time Figure 17 Inlet Temperature Vs Time

4) Additional Understanding: For this analysis all the parameter was reinitialized to default
simulator values and used understanding in the following cases:
a. Changing the Controller Gain (Kp): For this analysis the all the parameter was
reinitialized and only effect of changing gain for changing set point was observed
here gain was kept as kp=2 till t= 90 min and was changed to Kp=4 at t=90

Figure 18 Temperature Vs Time

Figure 19Control Signal Vs Tim

b. Changing The Integral Time Constant: For this analysis the all the parameter were
reinitialized and only effect of changing Integral Time Constant for changing set
point was observed here Time constant was kept as τi=100 till t= 119 min and was
changed to τi=400 at t=122 min.

Figure 20 Temperature Vs time

Figure 21 Control Signal Vs Time

c. Changing the Derivative Time: For this analysis the all the parameter were
reinitialized and only effect of changing derivative Time Constant for changing set
point was observed here Time constant was kept as τd=20 till t= 119 min and was
changed to τd=50 at t=122 min.

Figure 22 Temperature vs Time

Figure 23 Control Signal vs Time

d. Decreasing Mass Flow: For this analysis the all the parameter was reinitialized and
only effect of decreasing mass flow rate for changing set point was observed. Here
mass flow rate was set to 10 kg/min from 20 Kg/min at t=45 min.

Figure 24 Temperature vs Time

Figure 25 Control Signal Vs time

Figure 26 Inlet Flow rate vs time