MECHANICAL VIBRATION (LIST OF FORMULA)

ẋ o
Free Vibration of undamped system ẍ +W n2 x = 0; x ( t )=x o cos wn t+ sin wn t
wn

Free vibration with damping system m ẍ + c ẋ+ kx=0 ; wd =w n 1−(ζ 2 ¿ )¿ √

For 0 <𝞯< 1; x ( t )=e−ζ w t ¿ n
A1= A sinφ
− wn t
For 𝞯 = 1; x ( t )=( A1 + A2 )e A2= A cos φ
¿¿
For 𝞯 > 1; x ( t )= A 1 e
θ̇o
θ ( t )=θo cos W n t + sin W n t
2nζ 1 x1 F Wn
Logarithmic decrement, δ ∨δ st = = ln = o
√1−ζ n x n +1 k
2

−1 A2 −1 (X o W n )
Sinusoidal motion, x ( t )= X sin(w n t +φ); φ=tan = tan = tan−1 ¿ )
A1 ( Ẋ ¿¿ o) ¿

k kt c
W n=
√ √
m
=
Io
Ẋ max=Xω ; Ẍ max ¿ X ω 2 c = 2. ζ .W n; ζ =
Cc

c 2 k
Damping force, F = c ẋ; Critical damp, Cc= 2 mW n ; radical, a= ( )−
2m m

2 ẋ o 2 −ζ W
Amplitude, X = A 12+ A 22; X oscillation; X= X o +(
√ ) =e t √ x o2 + ¿ ¿
n

Wn
2
Period damped vibration, T d=2 π /w d; wn < wd; Eqn of motion; ẍ + ( 2. ζ .Wn ) ẋ + ( wn ) x=0

𝞯 < 1 underdamped; x ( t )=e−ζ w t ¿ n

−W n t
𝞯 = 1 critical damped; [ x ( t )={ x o+ ( x˙o+ W n x o ) t ¿ e 1 1
T = m ẋ 2= I θ̇ 2
2 2 2 2
𝞯 > 1 overdamped; D e(−ζ + √ ζ −1 )W t + E e(−ζ + √ ζ −1)W
n n t
x=rθ
1
1 2 ẋ=r θ̇ U = k x2
Slender rod; I y =I z = ml 2
2
ẍ=r θ̈
2 2
Sphere; I x =I y =I z = m a
5
1
Rectangular; I = m L2
12
1 2 1 1
Thin disk; I x = m r ; I y =I z = mr
2 4
Radius of Gyration,k ; I =m k 2
 Fo
Harmonic Excitation SDOF undamped; m ẍ + kx=¿F(t) = F O cosWt , ẍ +W n2 x = cos Wt
m
w
X(t) = x(t)c + x(t)p; x(t)p= x cos wt ; x(t)c= A cos W n t +B sin W n t ; r = D=x o −¿
wn
Fo
Fo δ st |k−m w2|
Xmax of oscillation; X = =
|k−mw 2| |1−r 2|

Time respond of displacement

r<1 r > 1 or ∞ r=1

W > Wn W < Wn W = Wn

X > δ st X=0 X(t) = ∞

δ st δ st
X= X= Fo
1−r 2 r 2−1 2
ẍ +W n x = cos Wt
m

Fo
X ( t )=Dcos W n t+ E sin W n t+ cos W t
|k−mw 2|
x F
Magnification factor, M = ; static deflection, δ st = o
δ st k
Harmonic excitation of SDOF damped

F(t) = F O sin Wt ;

c 2 Fo
ẍ + ẋ +W n x= cos Wt
m m
Steady state amplitude;
δ st
X=
√(1−r 2 )2+ ¿ ¿ ¿

δ st
Steady state eqn; Xp = 2 2
[( 1−r 2 ) cos wt +¿ 2 rζ sin wt ¿
√(1−r ) + ¿ ¿ ¿
Fo 1
Steady state amplitude; X = ; Mag factor; X/δ st =
√¿ ¿ ¿ √(1−r 2)2 +¿ ¿ ¿