Noelle Mickaela T.

Savilla 12-STEM
EAPP Task #5 09/20/20

A.
1. Yes, because the sentence used the word ‘appears’ to express caution about
the statement the author is making thus the sentence is hedged.
2. No, because there are no hedging words used.
3. No, because there are no hedging words used as well. Both directly
expressed their ideas.
4. Yes, because the sentence used the word ‘may be’ which makes the
statement indirect thus it is hedged.
5. Yes, the word ‘might’ is a modal verb used to express caution.
B.
6. Concluded
7. May
8. Unlikely
9. Possible, might
10. Whether

C.
The United Kingdom has issued a call for action on COVID-19 mental health
research. Longitudinal monitoring will support service planning, as youth MHSU
service needs ​may​ evolve over the course of the pandemic and recovery period.
This monitoring ​must​ be informed by developmental perspectives and by youth
themselves. Rapid-response research ​can​ be challenging but is being substantially
facilitated by a rapidly mobilizing international research community, including the
NIMH developers of theCRISIS survey, the ability to leverage existing participant
cohorts, and responsive Research Ethics Boards, all of which made this study
possible on a short timeline.

This is a cross-sectional survey; prepandemic MHSU was retrospectively reported

and ​may​ have been affected by recall bias. Longitudinal research is required to
understand how youth experiences evolve over time. The sample size was limited.
The youth most negatively affected by COVID19 ​may​ have been ​less likely​—or ​more
likely​—to complete the survey. While participants ​may not​ be representative of
Ontario youth, this represents a substantial sample for a rapid, time-sensitive survey.
Future equity-focused research is needed with larger samples to understand
differential population subgroup impacts from a diversity and equity perspective. The
clinical sample consisted of youth seeking services at academic hospitals in an
urban center; these results ​may not​ generalize to clinical samples seeking care in
the community or rural areas.

Impacts of COVID-19 on Youth Mental Health, Substance Use, and Well-being: A

Rapid Survey of Clinical and Community Samples
 Lisa D. Hawke, PhD, Skye Pamela Barbic, PhD, Aristotle Voineskos, MD, PhD,
Peter Szatmari, MD, Kristin Cleverley, PhD, Em Hayes, HBSc, Jacqueline Relihan,
Mardi Daley, Darren Courtney, MD, Amy Cheung, MD, Karleigh Darnay, MSW, and
Joanna L. Henderson, PhD

Article from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342931162_Impacts_of_COVID-19_on_Yo
uth_Mental_Health_Substance_Use_and_Well-being_A_Rapid_Survey_of_Clinical_
and_Community_Samples_Repercussions_de_la_COVID-19_sur_la_sante_mentale
_l'utilisation_de_substances_e