Pdvsa: Engineering Design Manual

PDVSA
ENGINEERING DESIGN MANUAL

VOLUME 14
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
PDVSA N° TITLE
GB–201–R CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS
1 OCT. 93 GENERAL REVISION 17 L.T. E.J. A.N.
0 MAY. 86 FOR APPROVAL 18 J.S. J.G. E.S.
REV. DATE DESCRIPTION PAG. REV. APPD. APPD.
APPD.BY J. GILARRANTZ DATE MAY. 86 APPD.BY E. SANTAMARIA DATE MAY. 86
E PDVSA, 1983 ESPECIALISTAS

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PDVSA GB–201–R
PDVSA
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CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

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.Menú Principal Indice manual Indice volumen Indice norma
Index
1 SCOPE AND REGULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2 PDVSA Engineering Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.4 Seller Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4 BASIC DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.3 Centrifugal Compressors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5 ACCESSORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.2 Controls and Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.3 Lube, Seal and Control Oil System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.4 Vibration and Position Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6 INSPECTION AND TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7 REQUIRED DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
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1 SCOPE AND REGULATIONS

1.1 This specifications covers the minimum requirements to be met by Seller in the
design, fabrication, inspection and testing of centrifugal compressors, their
related lube and seal oil systems, control and auxiliary equipment.
1.2 This specification requires compliance with all Venezuelan codes, standards and
regulations which may be applicable.
2 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS
2.1 The latest edition of the following standards, codes, and specifications, shall form
part of this specification, except as modified herein:
American Petroleum Institute Standards (API)
615 Sound Control of Mechanical Equipment for Refinery Service.
617 Centrifugal Compressors for general Refinery Services.
614 Lubrication, Shaft–Sealing, and Control Oil Systems for Special Purpose
Application.
670 Noncontacting Vibration and axial Position Monitoring System.
671 Special Purpose Couplings for Refinery Service.
American National Standard Institute (ANSI)
B16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
A193 Spec. for Alloy–Steeal and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for
High Temperature Service.
A194 Spec. for Carbon and Alloy–Steel Nuts for Bolts for
High–Pressure and High–Temperature Services.
A488 Practice for Qualification of Procedures and Personnel for the
Welding of Steel Castings.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
ASME Section VIII Division I. Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Section IX – Welding and Breezing QUalifications.
Power Test Code No. 10.
National Fire Protection Agency
Bulletin No. 70. Article 500 “Hazardous Locations”. Article 501 “Class I
Locations”.
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Comisión Venezolana de Normas Industriales (COVENIN)

1566 Niveles máximos de ruido permisibles en áreas de Trabajo.
253 Colores para la identificación de tuberías que conduzcan fluidos.
2.2 PDVSA Engineering Specifications

Special Purpose Steam Turbines PDVSA–G–201–R
Special Purpose Gear Units PDVSA–G–202–OR
Centrifugal Pumps PDVSA–GA–201
Positive Displacement Pumps PDVSA–GA–202
General Purpose Application of API 541
Form–Wound Squirrel–Cage Induction Motors 250
Horsepower and Larger PDVSA – N–268
Special Purpose Application of API 541
Form–Wound Squirrel–Cage Induction Motors 250
Horsepower and Larger PDVSA – N–269
Site Data PDVSA–SD–251
Utility Data PDVSA–SD–252–R
Equipment Noise Control PDVSA–SN–252
3 GENERAL
3.1 Compressor units shall be furnished complete with compressor, driver, gear if
required, couplings, baseplate, and all necessary auxiliary equipment and piping.
3.2 Compressor Seller shall assume engineering responsibility for the entire
compressor unit, including driver and gear(s) selected by Owner.
3.3 This specifications covers mandatory requirements for special purpose

centrifugal compressors which have a compression ratio over 1,1 at any specified
operating point and require a minimum continuous run lengths of 24000 hours.
3.4 Seller Qualification

3.4.1 Centrifugal compressor systems shall be supplied by Sellers Qualified by
experience in manufacturing the units proposed. To qualify, the Seller must have
manufactured, at the proposed point of manufacture, at least two compressors of
comparable speed, power rating, and discharge pressure for a gas of comparable
characteristics. These compressors must have been in service for at least one
year and performing satisfactorily.
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3.4.2 Alternatively, the Seller may satisfy this experience requirement on an individual
component and service basis. Experience need not be concentrated in a single
compressor, but may be spread through several operating compressors. To
qualify, however each of these compressors must have been in service for at least
one year and be of comparable rating and speed.
3.4.3 The critical areas which must be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Owner’s
Engineer include, but are not limited to the following:
Service Conditions: 1. Pressure
2. Molecular weight
3. Volumetric capacity
4. Power rating
5. Speed
6. Temperature
Mechanical Design: 1. Sealing system
2. Bearing design and loading
3. Number of stages and staging arrangement
4. Casing size and design
5. Casing joint design
6. Rotor dynamics
7. Impellers–structural design and performance
8. Material selection
9.Power transmission components–design and
arrangement
3.4.4 In the area of component mechanical design, the Seller must show that each
component has operated under the same conditions as those of the proposed
compressor.
3.4.5 Centrifugal compressors manufactured under license agreement shall carry the
licensor’s written guarantee.
4 BASIC DESIGN
4.1 The requirements of this section are additions or exceptions to API 617.
Paragraph numbers in parentheses ( ) refer to those used in API 617.
4.2 An asterisk (*) indicates that a decision by the purchaser is required, or that
additional information is to be furnished by the purchaser.
4.3 Centrifugal Compressors

4.3.1 (2.1.2)
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a. The volume capacity at the surge point shall not exceed the purchaser
specified percentage of normal capacity at normal speed, and normal
(unthrottled) suction conditions. The rise in pressure ratio from normal
capacity to the surge point at normal speed shall not be less than that
specified.
b. The head developed at 115% of normal capacity at normal speed shall be
not less than approximately 70% of the head developed at the normal
operating point.
4.3.2 (3.6) Seller shall furnish any special tools which are specifically designed for
maintenance of the equipment.
4.3.3 (2.1.8) The compressor and all auxiliaries shall be suitable for an outdoor
unprotected installation and for start up and operation at design minimum and
maximum ambient temperatures.
4.3.4 (2.1.9) The compressor and auxiliaries sound levels shall conform to Engineering
Specification “Equipment Noise Level”, PDVSA–SN–252.
4.3.5 (3.1) Seller shall assume responsibility for mechanical and aerodynamic
performance for the entire compressor and driver package, including those cases
where the driver is selected by Owner.
4.3.6 Seller shall confirm ratio of specific heats and compressibility factor for the gas
analysis specified.
4.3.7 Not applicable.
4.3.8 Spare rotors shall be furnished for and delivered with each centrifugal
compressor. If the rotors of two or more machines should be duplicated, a single
spare will be sufficient.
4.3.10 (2.4.3) Horizontally split casings shall be furnished with individual stage drains
which shall be flanged, individually valved, and manifolded to a single drain
connection at the edge of the baseplate.
4.3.11 (2.4.3) If specified, compressors in charge gas or other fouling services shall be
furnished with blanked–off connections at each impeller for future installations of
flushing nozzles.
4.3.12 (2.4.2) Raised–face flanges on Owner’s connections shall have the following
finished:
a. Class 150 and Class 300 flanges for operating temperatures from 101 °C
(214 °F) to 400 °C (752 °F) will utilize compressed asbestos gaskets and
shall have flanged finishes per ANSI B–16.5.
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b. All other flanges will utilize spiral–wound, stainless steel asbestos gaskets
and shall have finishes of roughness of 125 to 200 AARH, unless specified
otherwise in the individual line classes. For definition of the term AARH
(Average Arithmetical Roughness Height), refer to ANSI B–16.5.
AARH Surfaces are to be compared by sight and feel with “standard roughness
comparison specimen” and not subject to rejection by tracer type instruments
using stylus tracers and electrical amplification.
4.3.13 (2.6) (2.6.7) Impellers shall be designed to limit the maximum stress at maximum
continuous speed to a value of 70% of the material yield strength.
4.3.14 (2.6.5) Shaft run–out and surface finish at proximity probe locations shall be as
follows:
a. At the radial probe positions the shaft shall have a maximum mechanical
run–out of 5 micrometers.
b. Surface finish of the shafting at the radial probe locations shall be equivalent
to the finish on the journals.
c. Repair of shaft surface under probes by plating is not permitted.
4.3.15 (2.6.7) Welded impellers are preferred.
4.3.16 (2.8) Shaft seals and seal oil systems shall be suitable for exposure to maximum
case–working pressure and temperature.
a. For low temperatures services, seals shall have provision for maintaining
seal oil above its pour point temperature at the inner seal drain.
b. Compressor design shall maintain a positive internal gas pressure at the

seals under all star–up operating conditions, including negative suction
pressure during air “run–in” operation,
4.3.17 (2.8.3) Seal shall be of liquid film or mechanical contact type for flammable or toxic
gases.
4.3.18 (2.8.3) Seller shall specify if buffer gas injection is required for compressor
“run–in” on air or any other specified operating condition. Piping for continuous
buffer gas injection shall include dual 150 mm strainers, automatic differential
pressure controller and low pressure alarm and buffer gas pressure gage. If buffer
gas is used for “run–in” only an hand control valve without pressure alarm is
acceptable. Piping downstream of strainers shall be stainless steel. Seller shall
specify buffer gas flow rates at new and at two times new labyrinth clearances.
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4.3.19 (*) (2.8.3.2) Shaft seals in air service shall be of the labyrinth type. For flammable
or toxic gas services, the seals shall have an injector or an eductor system or a
combination of the two systems which will positively prevent gas leakage at the
atmospheric side of the seal or air leakage into the compressor under all startup
and operating conditions. In some services, limited quantities of air may be
tolerated in the eductor discharge or as leakage into the compressor, but the
Seller must submit these flow rates to the Owners for the Owner’s Engineers
evaluation of risk.
a. Injector and eductor systems shall be designed to maintain proper sealing
with labyrinth clearance up to and including two times the new design
clearances. Seller shall specify the required motive gas rates.
b. (*) If an injector system is used, it shall be provided with automatic control
to maintain the desired seal chamber pressure. The injected fluid shall be
inert gas or compressor discharge gas, as specified.
c. If an eductor system is used, an auxiliary eductor shall be supplied. The
normal eductor shall have automatic control to maintain the desired seal
chamber pressure, shall discharge to the compressor discharge gas as the
motive fluid, and shall discharge to the compressor suction system. The
auxiliary eductor shall start up automatically, shall utilize steam as the motive
fluid and shall discharge to atmosphere or to a vent system, as specified.
4.3.20 (*) (2.8.3.2) Mechanical (contact) type seals shall incorporate a lock–up feature
to prevent gas leakage from the compressor upon loss of seal oil pressure.
4.3.21 (2.9.4)
a. For motor driven compressors, both the gear and compressor Sellers shall
perform an independent torsional critical speed analysis using basic
equipment dimensions and stiffness data.
(2.8.1.1)
b. The Seller must present the calculation procedure to the Owner for approval
by the Owner’s Engineer, if a torsional critical speed occurs within 20% of
any operating speed. No torsional critical speed shall be closer than 5% to
twice any shaft speed.
4.3.22 (2.9.2) (2.9.4)
a. For steam and gas turbine driven compressors, both the turbine and
compressor Seller shall perform independent torsional critical speed
analysis shall include rotor unbalance response, and stability analysis and
will be performed by the compressor Seller.
b. If the critical speeds found in these independent torsional studies differ by
more than 3%, the Seller having unit responsibility shall resolve these
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discrepancies. Results of all the studies shall be submitted to the Owner for
Owner’s Engineer approval.
4.3.23 (2.7.1.2 & 3.4.4.4) Thermocouples shall be placed in 50% of the active thrust and
radial bearing pads (alternate pads) in the area of maximum oil film temperature.
They shall be embedded in the steel backing at the babbitt interface. Inactive
thrust bearings shall have at least two thermocouples diametrically opposed and
located at the top and bottom pads. The thermocouples shall be type 316
stainless steel sheathed, mineral insulated and shall be provided with splice–free
extension wires at locally mounted junction box supplied by Seller. Thermocouple
material shall be chrome–alumel.
4.3.24 Individual thermowells with signal monitoring shall be located independently in
each radial and thrust bearing drain.
4.3.25 (2.7.3) Thrust collars shall be replaceable, and attached to the shaft by a hydraulic
fit to prevent fretting. This design must have been working successfully for at least
one year in two different compressors.
4.3.26 (2.7.3.3) The thrust bearing selection shall be based on continuously carrying the
compressor thrust load plus the thrust transmitted by the flexible coupling. For
compressors utilizing gear type couplings, the transmitted thrust shall be
determined on the basis of a 0.3 friction factor. For compressors utilizing
diaphragm type couplings, the transmitted thrust shall be determined on the basis
of the maximum allowable deflection permitted by the coupling manufacturer.
Thrust bearing maximum loading shall not be more than 50% of the bearing
manufacturer rating.
4.3.27 (2.11.1.7) Exposure to H2S. The following materials are not permitted for
construction of compressor components:
– Materials having yield strengths in excess of 620,3 x 103 Kpa (6325 kg/cm2).
– Materials having a hardness in excess of Rockwell C–22.
– Free machining steels.
a. The H2S limitation includes trace quantities for any operating condition
including start–up and shutdown.
b. COmponents include (but are not limited to) impellers, shaft sleeves,
balance piston, impeller locking nuts, bolting and other fasteners.
c. Free machining steels are those which contain any of the following elements
in the quantities shown:
– From 0,04 to 0,12 % phosphorous
– From 0,06 to 0,35 % sulfur
– Intentional lead additions in excess of 0,05%
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– Intentional selenium additions in excess of 0,05%

Note:
Type 416 nuts furnished to ASTM A194 Gr 6F with Selenium are
acceptable for use with ASTM A193 B6 bolts.
4.3.28 (2.11.1) The Seller shall indicate in his proposal the wheel metallurgy, welding
steps in fabrication, and all heat treatments (including preheat and post weld heat
treatment) that are to be performed. A “double temper” shall be used where it has
been demonstrated that such a heat treatment will reduce the level of untempered
martensite in the compressor wheel.
4.3.29 (2.11.2) Steel castings shall comply with ASTM A488.
4.3.30 (2.11.2) For compressors of cast construction, casting repair procedures shall be
submitted to Owner coincident with acceptance of the purchase order.
4.3.31 (2.11.2) But welded joints of pressure casings shall be 100% radiographed.
Inspection procedures for other pressure casing welds shall be approved by the
Inspector. Examination method and acceptance criteria shall be per ASME Code
Section VIII, par.UW–51, except that fluorescent intensifying screens such as
calcium tungsten shall not be used.
4.3.32 (2.11.2) Support led attachment weld, and welds in end covers of vertically split
casing shall be examined by the magnetic particle method per ASME Code
Section VIII, Appendix VI. Non–magnetic materials may be inspected by the dye
penetrate method per ASME Code Section VIII, Appendix VIII.
4.3.33 (2.11.2) All piping welds shall be full penetration.
4.3.34 (2.11.5) The manufacturer shall qualify a welding procedure for impellers with
welded joints; for each material (P–number) used, (ASME, Section IX, paragraph
QW420).
5 ACCESSORIES
5.1 General
5.1.1 (3.1) Turbines, electric motors and gears shall comply with the applicable
Engineering Specification PDVSA–G–201–R, PDVSA–N–268, PDVSA–N–269
and PDVSA–G–202–OR or respectively.
5.1.2 (3.1) The compressor Seller shall assume unit responsibility for the entire system
consisting of compressors, drivers, power transmissions and associated auxiliary
equipment. This includes, but is not limited to, engineering responsibility for the
following:
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a. Torsional Analysis
b. Lateral Analysis
c. Selection and rating of power transmission components
d. Lube and seal oil system design
e. Equipment layout and baseplate design
f. Vibration monitoring system design
g. Obtain engineering data for train components and furnish to Owner.
The compressor Seller shall resolve all engineering questions relating to the
equipment design.
5.1.3 (3.1.5)
a. For electric motor drivers the compressor train shall be capable of
withstanding momentary high torque overloads equal to or exceeding four
times motor nameplate rating to provide for peak torque resulting from
reacceleration after a power interruption. The suitability of this rating shall
be confirmed by Owner after final electrical system characteristics are
defined.
b. In addition, for synchronous motor drivers, the compressor train shall also
be capable of withstanding the peak oscillatory torque values predicted by
the system transient torsional analysis of the motor during starting.
5.1.4 (3.2) For motor or steam turbine drive, the compressor Seller shall furnish all
couplings and enclosures or guards.
a. Flexible couplings shall be either gear type or diaphragm type.
b. Gear couplings shall be continuously lubricated.
c. Diaphragm coupling rating and design shall be based on the maximum axial
and radial misalignment anticipated during transient and steady state
conditions. The shaft end clearances for assembly shall be specified by the
Seller. The diaphragms shall be coated with manufacturer’s standard
coating, suitable for the specified environment.
d. Diaphragm coupling spacer piece resonant frequencies shall be at least
10% removed from any specified operating speed and form two times any
specified operating speed.
e. Coupling with flexible members may be used below 3600 rpm when required
to increase system torsional damping. Such proposals shall be submitted
to Owner for approval by Owner’s Engineer.
5.1.5 (3.2) Fully enclosed coupling guards shall be furnished with 2 inch NPS minimum
vent connection fitted with a steel pipe plug. Full encirclement semi–open
coupling guards are acceptable with diaphragm type couplings.
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5.1.6 (3.2) Limited end float couplings are required on the low speed shaft of motor
driven compressors. The total coupling end float shall be 6 mm (1/4 in) maximum
and the total motor end float shall exceed the coupling end float by 6 mm (1/4 in)
minimum. The motor reining center shall not exceed 2 mm from the geometric
center for layout and installation purposes.
5.1.7 (3.2) Taper fit is required for all spacer couplings. All except hydraulic fitted
couplings shall have a normal maximum diametral interference fit of 0,001 mm per
mm (0,001 in per inch) of shaft diameter.
5.1.8 (3.3)
a. Turbine driven compressors shall be mounted on common baseplates.
b. Motor driven units shall have common baseplates for compressor and gear.
Motor drivers shall be mounted on soleplates.
5.1.9 (3.3) The baseplate beneath gears shall have all structural members extended to
bottom of the main compressor baseplate members.
5.1.10 (3.5) When liquid injection or buffer gas is specified or required, compressor Seller
shall furnish all required controls, indicating and protective instrumentation and
inter–connecting piping for the system. The system shall be designed to accept
the fluid at the supply conditions specified. As a minimum, compressor Seller shall
furnish a prepiped harness per API–617. If off–mounted components are
required, they shall be furnished as a fully assembled separate
baseplate–mounted module.
5.1.11 Permanent strainers shall be installed at the inlet hood of centrifugal air
compressors. Strainers shall be supplied by compressor Seller or Owner, as
specified. Strainer screen shall be per the following:
– Strainer open area shall not be less than two times the compressor inlet
opening area.
– Strainer screens shall be 6.9 mm avg. (3 x 3 mesh) opening, 1.6 mm (0.063 in)
wire, Type 304 stainless steel.
– Pressure taps upstream and downstream of the strainer are to be provided, so
that pressure drop (clogging) can be monitored, and larger units can be
alarmed. This will assist in avoiding strainer collapse.
5.2 Controls and Instrumentation

5.2.1 Compressor Seller shall furnish a shop–assembled instrument panel for each
compressor unit, complete with the following, as applicable;
a. Indicating instruments for:
Compressor Inlet Pressure, each section
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Compressor Inlet Temperature, each section

Compressor Discharge Pressure, each section
Compressor Discharge Temperature, each section
Lube, Seal, Control Oil Pressure, each level
Seal Oil Overhead Tank Level, each tank
Seal Oil Differential Pressure, each level
Radial, Thrust Bearing Metal Temperatures (Compressor, Gear, Driver)
Shaft Vibration, Axial Rotor Position) Compressor, Gear, Driver)
Speed (Variable Speed Drivers)
Electric Motor Current
Gas Turbines Exhaust Temperature
Steam Turbines: Inlet Pressure
Inlet Temperature
Steam Chest Pressure
Exhaust Temperature
Exhaust Pressure
b. (*) Annunciator panel with horn and silencing relay, annunciator points for
all required alarms and trips, and additional points as specified. A minimum
of three (3) spare positions shall be provided on the panel.
c. (*) Additional driver instruments and specified cutouts for Owner’s
instruments.
d. (*) All wiring from thermocouples, switches and probes shall terminate in
junction boxes mounted on the compressor baseplate or oil console.
Control wiring shall be separate from alarm wiring.
5.2.2 Wiring shall be rigid conduit and have wire terminals identified with wire numbers
corresponding to Seller–supplied wiring diagrams.
5.2.3 Instruments and panel design requirements and instruments manufacturers shall
be as specified by the Owner.
5.2.4 Sensing devices and switches to actuate Owner’s alarms shall be furnished for
the following systems:
a. Seal oil system: actuate alarms when maximum and minimum safe pressure
are reached at the seal chamber.
b. Diaphragm cooling water system: actuate the connection of the standby
water pump; and actuate an alarm for low water level.
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5.2.5 Compressor discharge gas temperature alarm, furnished by Owner, shall be set
to alarm at 28 °C (82 °F) above the normal discharge temperature specified by
Seller.
5.2.6 Suction venturi: either a venturi or a Dall tube shall be furnished as specified.
When a venturi is speified, two sets of threaded pressure connection 15 mm (1/2
in) NPS shall be furnished, located diametrically opposite at the inlet and throat
of the venturi. The venturi shall be sized to provide 20 in. H2O (51.70 kPa)
differential a flow equal to 1.25 times normal compressor capacity. A calculate
calibration curve shall be furnished.
5.3 Lube, Seal and Control Oil System

The requirements of this section are additions to API 614, paragraph numbers in
parentheses ( ) refer to those used in API 614.
5.3.1 (2.10) Oil systems shall be furnished by compressor Seller to supply lube, seal
and control oil to compressors, gears, drivers, and other equipment as required
in the compressor unit.
5.3.2 (2.10.3) Owner will specify in the data sheet if the lube and seal systems shall be
furnished combined or separated.
5.3.4 Oil systems for compressor services with components corrosive to copper
(ammonia, syngas, H2S, HC1, etc.) shall have no copper or copper bearings
material in contact with the oil.
5.3.6 Control of the sound level shall conform to Project Engineering Specification
“Equipment Noise Level”, PDVSA–SN–252.
5.3.7 (2.10) Seller Shall furnish a lube oil rundown tank to protect the equipment during
shutdown after failure of main and standby oil pumps, and capable of supplying
the oil continuoously during this operation, without lowering more than 5 PSI (0,35
Kg/cm2) the supply pressure.
5.3.8 (2.10) Removable steam or electrical heating coils shall be provide in a separate
comportment under oil reservoirs.
5.3.9 Oil pump couplings shall be non–lubricated, disk–type, with stainless steel disks.
5.3.10 (1.5) Centrifugal and positive displacement pumps shall conform to Project
Engineering Specifications “Centrifugal Pumps” PDVSA–GA–201 and “Positive
Displacement Pumps” PDVSA–GA–202, respectively.
5.3.11 (2.10) Oil systems shall be furnished with turbine driven or shaft driven main pump
and motor–driven standby pumps.
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5.3.12 (2.10) Steam turbines driven pumps shall be furnished with hydraulic governors,
Woodward TG10 or equivalent.
5.3.13 (2.10) Permanent strainers shall be furnished for all positive displacement pumps
taking suction from reservoirs through external suction lines.
5.3.14 (2.10) If specified or required, accumulators shal lbe furnished to maintain lube,
seal and control oil pressure above trip levels while the standby pump is
accelerating to operating speed.
5.3.15 (2.10) Where the required accumulator capacity exceeds that of a single
bladder–type unit, a fabricated, direct–contact accumulator shall be furnished.
5.3.16 (2.10) Reservoirs shall have oil purifier connections.
5.3.17 (2.10) Seal oil drain traps shall be vented to compressor suction vent system or
gas turbine exhaust stack and be furnished with mist eliminators. Design of mist
eliminators shall be approved by Owner.
5.3.18 (2.10) (3.4.4) Oil system instruments shall be locally–mounted except those
specified as panel–mounted in Section 5.2.1.
5.3.19 (3.4.5) Mercury–type switches are not acceptable.
5.3.20 (*) Instrument design requirements and manufactures shall be as specified by the
Owner.
5.4 Vibration and Position Detectors

5.4.1 Vibration and position detectors shall comply with API Standard 670.
6 INSPECTION AND TESTING

New impeller designs (without demonstrated operating experience) shall be
overspeed tested at 120% of proposed maximum continuous operating speed.
6.1 (*) (4.3) All tests specified shall be withnessed by the Inspector.
6.2 (4.3.2) All casings shall be hydrostatically tested to 1–1/2 times the design
pressure.
6.3 (4.3.4)
a. The shop mechanical running test shall use oil of equivalent viscosity grade
specified for use in the field.
b. The actual weights of coupling and sleeves shall be simulated by the
addition of weights to the compressor rotor during the mechanical running
test.
PDVSA
REVISION FECHA

Página 15
6.4 (4.3.4) Following the mechanical run test, the compressor shall be opened for
internal inspections. Leak test shall be conducted after reassembly.
6.5 (4.3.4.3)
a. The vibration amplitude/frequency sweep shall also be conducted at

minimum operating speed.
b. The required shop test facilities shall be used for all tests.
6.6 (4.3.6.1)
a. If specified, closed loop performance test shall be conducted in accordance

with ASME Power Test Code 10 with pressure levels, gas molecular weight,
and other operating conditions simulating compressor actual internal flow
conditions as nearly as practical. Air shall not be used for closed loop testing.
Reynolds number correction shall not be applied to performance test data
as allowed by ASME Power Test Code 10.
b. When performance testing is specified, performance curves for capacity,
discharge pressure, and brake horsepower shall be developed from surge
to at least 115% of normal capacity at 100% speed. Curves shall be based
on the test results. A minimum of five test readings shall be taken.
6.7 (4.3.6.1) If a performance test is specified, two additional surge points shall be
taken at different speeds to determine the slope of the surge line.
7 REQUIRED DATA
7.1 Seller’s proposal shall include performance curves for all specified operating
conditions, includings alternates such air, nitrogen, etc.
7.2 Proposals shall include expected noise emission data.
7.3 Sixteen weeks after date of order, the following final design information shall be
submited to the Owner for review by the Owner’s Engineer.
7.3.1 Equipment data sheets completed.

7.3.2 Cross–sectional drawings with all radial and axial internal clearances.
7.3.3 Dimensioned general arrangement drawings with weights and casing growts.
7.3.4 Input and results of critical speed, unbalance response and rotor stability study
including bearing seal and support stiffnesses and damping as a function of speed
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REVISION FECHA

Página 16
and expected variation in bearing clearances and oil viscosity; dimensioned rotor
drawing and dynamic model with all masses, centers of gravity and stiffnesses.
7.3.5 Individual impeller performance curves indicating polytropic head and efficiency.
7.3.6 Dimensioned thrust bearing drawing with calculated thrust loads, clearence range
bearing ratings.
7.3.7 Dimensioned radial bearing drawings with clearance range and unit loadings.
7.3.8 Input and results of torsional critical speed analysis.
7.3.9 Dimensioned coupling section drawings with rating permissible misaligment, axial
resonance frecuency if any, weights, centers of gravity, moments of inertia,
torsional stiffness, thrust vs axial deflection, and bending moment vs angular
deflection characteristics.
7.3.10 Input data for thrust analysis, final calculated thrust loads for normal clearances,
and twice normal clearances.
7.3.11 Dimensioned shaft seal drawings.
7.3.12 Labyrinth seal clearences.
7.3.13 Performance curves for each compression stage and composite curves for the
complete compressor train. Curves for multistage compressors shall show the
effects of changes in speed, inlet temperature, inlet pressure and inlet volume on
efficiency, discharge temperature, discharge pressure and horsepower for each
gas composition handled. Curves shall show performance for full range of
operating conditions. (Stage of compression refers to a section between two
adjancent nozzles). Confirmation of these curves shall be provided following
performance test.
7.3.14 Seller with train responsibility shall supply hot and cold alignment data for the
entire train.
7.3.15 Eductor/Injector seal system and buffer gas flow rates for normal and twice normal
clearances.
7.3.16 Detailed test procedures for all equipment.
7.3.17 Bearing dynamic characteristics–stiffness and dampening as a function of speed,
and spected variation in bearing clearances and oil viscosity.
7.3.18 Lube oil viscosity, oil type and operating temperature.
7.3.19 Radial bearings preload, if tilting pad type.
7.3.20 Mechanical and performance test procedures.
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REVISION FECHA

Página 17
7.3.21 Detailed schematic of lube and seal oil systems.

7.3.22 Fit ranges on all shaft mounted components in rotor.

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PDVSA

ENGINEERING DESIGN MANUAL

GB–201–R CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

1 OCT. 93 GENERAL REVISION 17 L.T. E.J. A.N.

0 MAY. 86 FOR APPROVAL 18 J.S. J.G. E.S.

REV. DATE DESCRIPTION PAG. REV. APPD. APPD.

APPD.BY J. GILARRANTZ DATE MAY. 86 APPD.BY E. SANTAMARIA DATE MAY. 86

E PDVSA, 1983 ESPECIALISTAS

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

1 SCOPE AND REGULATIONS

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

Comisión Venezolana de Normas Industriales (COVENIN)

2.2 PDVSA Engineering Specifications

3.3 This specifications covers mandatory requirements for special purpose

3.4 Seller Qualification

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

4.3 Centrifugal Compressors

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

c. Repair of shaft surface under probes by plating is not permitted.

4.3.15 (2.6.7) Welded impellers are preferred.

b. Compressor design shall maintain a positive internal gas pressure at the

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

– Intentional selenium additions in excess of 0,05%

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

5.2 Controls and Instrumentation

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

Compressor Inlet Temperature, each section

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

5.3 Lube, Seal and Control Oil System

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

5.4 Vibration and Position Detectors

6 INSPECTION AND TESTING

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

a. The vibration amplitude/frequency sweep shall also be conducted at

a. If specified, closed loop performance test shall be conducted in accordance

7.2 Proposals shall include expected noise emission data.

7.3.1 Equipment data sheets completed.

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 1 OCT. 93

7.3.21 Detailed schematic of lube and seal oil systems.

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