PVSYST V6.

81 02/09/20 Page 1/5

Stand alone system: Simulation parameters

Project : New Project
Geographical Site Qammarab Country Sudan
Situation Latitude 15.50° N Longitude 32.42° E
Time defined as Legal Time Time zone UT+2 Altitude 370 m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data: Qammarab Meteonorm 7.2 - Synthetic

Simulation variant : New simulation variant

Simulation date 02/09/20 14h52

Simulation parameters System type Stand alone system with batteries

Collector Plane Orientation Tilt 38° Azimuth 0°
Models used Transposition Perez Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm
User's needs : Daily household consumers Constant over the year
average 17.9 kWh/Day

PV Array Characteristics
PV module Si-mono Model JKM 370M-72
Original PVsyst database Manufacturer Jinkosolar
Number of PV modules In series 1 modules In parallel 12 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 12 Unit Nom. Power 370 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 4440 Wp At operating cond. 4026 Wp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 37 V I mpp 110 A
Total area Module area 23.3 m² Cell area 20.5 m²

System Parameter System type Stand alone system

Battery Model Solar PV 8G8D
Manufacturer Deka
Battery Pack Characteristics Nb. of units 25 in parallel
Voltage 12 V Nominal Capacity 5200 Ah
Discharging min. SOC 20.0 % Stored energy 49.9 kWh
Temperature Fixed (25°C)
Controller Model VarioTrack VT65 - 12V
Manufacturer Studer Nb. units 4
Technology MPPT converter Temp coeff. -3.0 mV/°C/elem.
Converter Maxi and EURO efficiencies 99.0 / 97.5 %
Battery Management control Threshold commands as SOC calculation
Charging SOC = 0.92 / 0.75 i.e. approx. 13.6 / 12.5 V
Discharging SOC = 0.20 / 0.45 i.e. approx. 11.8 / 12.2 V

PV Array loss factors

Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 20.0 W/m²K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K / m/s
Wiring Ohmic Loss Global array res. 5.6 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Serie Diode Loss Voltage Drop 0.7 V Loss Fraction 1.7 % at STC
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction -0.8 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 1.0 % at MPP
Strings Mismatch loss Loss Fraction 0.10 %
Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization IAM = 1 - bo (1/cos i - 1) bo Param. 0.05
PVSYST V6.81 02/09/20 Page 2/5

Stand alone system: Detailed User's needs

Project : New Project
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone system with batteries
PV Field Orientation tilt 38° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model JKM 370M-72 Pnom 370 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 12 Pnom total 4440 Wp
Battery Model Solar PV 8G8D Technology Lead-acid, sealed, Gel
Battery Pack Nb. of units 25 Voltage / Capacity 12 V / 5200 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year Global 6520 kWh/year

Daily household consumers, Constant over the year, average = 17.9 kWh/day

Annual values

Number Power Use Energy

Lamps (LED or fluo) 2 60 W/lamp 6 h/day 720 Wh/day
Heater 2 1000 W tot 8 h/day 16000 Wh/day
Pump 1 373 W tot 3 h/day 1119 Wh/day
Stand-by consumers 24 h/day 24 Wh/day
Total daily energy 17863 Wh/day

Hourly profile
2500
[%]
enegy

2000

1500
daily

1000
of
Fraction

500

0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
PVSYST V6.81 02/09/20 Page 3/5

Stand alone system: Main results

Project : New Project
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone system with batteries
PV Field Orientation tilt 38° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model JKM 370M-72 Pnom 370 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 12 Pnom total 4440 Wp
Battery Model Solar PV 8G8D Technology Lead-acid, sealed, Gel
Battery Pack Nb. of units 25 Voltage / Capacity 12 V / 5200 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year Global 6520 kWh/year

Main simulation results

System Production Available Energy 8098 kWh/year Specific prod. 1824 kWh/kWp/year
Used Energy 6443 kWh/year Excess (unused) 1330 kWh/year
Performance Ratio PR 62.83 % Solar Fraction SF 98.82 %
Loss of Load Time Fraction 1.3 % Missing Energy 77 kWh/year
Battery ageing (State of Wear) Cycles SOW 93.9% Static SOW 92.9%
Battery lifetime 14.0 years

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 4440 Wp Performance Ratio PR and Solar Fraction SF

10 1.2
Lu : Unused energy (battery full) 0.82 kWh/kWp/day PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.628
1.1
Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 1.26 kWh/kWp/day SF : Solar Fraction (ESol / ELoad) : 0.988
Ls : System losses and battery charging 0.28 kWh/kWp/day 1.0
8
[kWh/kWp/day]

Yf : Energy supplied to the user 3.98 kWh/kWp/day

0.9
Performance Ratio PR

0.8
6 0.7
Energy

0.6

4 0.5
Normalized

0.4

0.3
2
0.2

0.1

0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

New simulation variant

Balances and main results

GlobHor GlobEff E_Avail EUnused E_Miss E_User E_Load SolFrac

kWh/m² kWh/m² kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh

January 178.1 233.2 851.0 244.0 0.00 553.8 553.8 1.000

February 176.1 203.8 734.8 197.6 0.00 500.2 500.2 1.000
March 209.9 208.1 746.0 164.9 0.00 553.8 553.8 1.000
April 215.4 180.4 644.0 67.9 0.00 535.9 535.9 1.000
May 211.9 154.4 554.0 6.3 0.00 553.8 553.8 1.000
June 192.1 133.7 485.9 0.0 27.29 508.6 535.9 0.949
July 197.9 141.9 520.7 0.0 49.87 503.9 553.8 0.910
August 198.0 159.3 582.5 0.0 0.00 553.8 553.8 1.000
September 189.2 175.0 630.3 48.0 0.00 535.9 535.9 1.000
October 185.5 202.4 719.8 135.7 0.00 553.8 553.8 1.000
November 173.4 219.7 785.7 209.1 0.00 535.9 535.9 1.000
December 171.1 233.1 843.1 256.4 0.00 553.8 553.8 1.000

Year 2298.7 2245.0 8097.7 1330.0 77.17 6442.8 6520.0 0.988

Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation E_Miss Missing energy

GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings E_User Energy supplied to the user
E_Avail Available Solar Energy E_Load Energy need of the user (Load)
EUnused Unused energy (battery full) SolFrac Solar fraction (EUsed / ELoad)
PVSYST V6.81 02/09/20 Page 4/5

Stand alone system: Special graphs

Project : New Project
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone system with batteries
PV Field Orientation tilt 38° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model JKM 370M-72 Pnom 370 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 12 Pnom total 4440 Wp
Battery Model Solar PV 8G8D Technology Lead-acid, sealed, Gel
Battery Pack Nb. of units 25 Voltage / Capacity 12 V / 5200 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year Global 6520 kWh/year

Daily Input/Output diagram

30
Effective energy at the output of the array [kWh/day]

Values from 01/01 to 31/12

25

20

15

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Global incident in coll. plane [kWh/m².day]
PVSYST V6.81 02/09/20 Page 5/5

Stand alone system: Loss diagram

Project : New Project
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone system with batteries
PV Field Orientation tilt 38° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model JKM 370M-72 Pnom 370 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 12 Pnom total 4440 Wp
Battery Model Solar PV 8G8D Technology Lead-acid, sealed, Gel
Battery Pack Nb. of units 25 Voltage / Capacity 12 V / 5200 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year Global 6520 kWh/year

Loss diagram over the whole year

2299 kWh/m² Horizontal global irradiation

+0.5% Global incident in coll. plane

-2.80% IAM factor on global

2245 kWh/m² * 23 m² coll. Effective irradiation on collectors

efficiency at STC = 19.17% PV conversion

10019 kWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-0.67% PV loss due to irradiance level

-14.29% PV loss due to temperature

+0.75% Module quality loss

-1.10% Mismatch loss, modules and strings

-3.29% Ohmic wiring loss

-16.18% Unused energy (battery full)

6889 kWh Effective energy at the output of the array

-1.75% Converter Loss during operation (efficiency)

-0.02% Converter Loss due to power threshold
0.00% Converter Loss over nominal conv. voltage
0.00% Converter Loss due to voltage threshold
6768 kWh Converter losses (effic, overload)
Direct use Stored Battery Storage
Missing 68.7% 31.3% +0.38% Battery Stored Energy balance
energy
1.18% -2.99% Battery efficiency loss
77.2 kWh
-0.91% Charge/Disch. Current Efficiency Loss
-0.70% Gassing Current (electrolyte dissociation)
-0.68% Battery Self-discharge Current
6443 kWh Energy supplied to the user

6520 kWh Energy need of the user (Load)