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‫د انګليسي ژبې د زده کړې له پاره د ګرامر نوټ‬

➢ Pronoun:- is a word which is used instead of nouns to prevent from its repetition in the
sentences.
.‫ هغه کلمه ده چې د نوم پر ځاى استعمال کېږي او د نوم د تکرار څخه په جمله کې مخنيوى کوي‬-:‫➢ ضمير‬
❖ Example :- javid is my brother, he is a good boy.
➢ Pronoun is divided in nine parts:-
1. Personal pronouns. .‫شخصي ضميرونه‬
2. Possessive pronouns. .‫ملکي ضميرونه‬
3. Demonstrative pronouns. .‫ايشاروي ضميرونه‬
4. Interrogative pronouns. .‫پوښتونکي ضميرونه‬
5. Indefinite pronouns. .‫نامعلوم ضميرونه‬
6. Reflexive pronouns. .‫انعکاسي ضميرونه‬
7. Relative pronouns. .‫ارتباطي ضميرونه‬
8. Emphasizing pronouns. .‫ټينګاري ضميرونه‬
9. Distributive pronouns. .‫ويشتونکي ضميرونه‬
➢ Personal pronouns are divided into two parts:-
❖ 1) Subject pronouns. 2) Object pronouns.
➢ Subject pronouns :- are those which are used instead of subject in the sentences.
.‫ هغه ضميرونه چې د فاعل پر ځاى په جملو کې استعمال شي‬-: ‫➢ فاعلي ضميرونه‬
❖ I, You, We, They, She, He, It.
➢ Object pronouns :- are those which are used instead of object in the sentences.
.‫ هغه ضميرونه دي چې د مفعول پر ځاى په جملو کې استعمال کېږي‬-: ‫➢ مفعولي ضميرونه‬
❖ Me, him, her, it, us, you, them.
▪ Subject :- is the doer of an action is called subject.
.‫ د يو عمل ترسره کوونکي ته فاعل وايي‬-: ‫▪ فاعل‬
▪ Object :- the receiver of an action is called object.

I
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Subject pronouns
‫ زه‬My
.‫ عمل رسيدونکي ته مفعول وايي‬-: ‫▪ مفعول‬
Possessive Adjective Possessive Adjective
‫زما‬ Mine
You ‫ تاسې‬،‫ ته‬Your ‫ستاسو‬ Yours
He ‫ هغه‬His ‫د هغه‬ His
She )‫ هغې( مونث‬Her )‫د هغې(مونث‬ Hers
It ‫ دا‬Its ‫دده‬ Its
We ‫ موږ‬Our ‫زموږ‬ Ours
They ‫ دوى‬Their ‫ددوى‬ Theirs
➢ Possessive adjectives :- are those which are used before nouns and show possession or
ownership .‫هغه دي چې مخکې له نومونو استعمال کېږي ملکيت يا مالکيت څرګند کوي‬-:‫ملکي صفتونه‬

Fb Mohammad Ayoub Rahmani 1 ‫ترتيب کوونکى محمدايوب رحماني‬


m.a.r85324@gmail.com
(c) ketabton.com: The Digital Library

‫د انګليسي ژبې د زده کړې له پاره د ګرامر نوټ‬


o To be verbs :- are those which are used to show state in the sentences.
.‫ افعال هغه فعلونه دي چې په جملو کې حالت څرګند کوي‬o
❖ ( Am, Is, Are, Was, Were)
➢ Demonstrative pronouns:- are used instead of nouns and point out person, place or
thing.
‫ځاى او شي د اشارې له پاره کارول‬،‫هغه ضميرونه دي چې د نومونو پر ځاى د شخص‬-:‫➢ ايشاروي ضميرونه‬
.‫کېږي‬
❖ (This, That, These, those, Such…)
• This :- is used to point out singular near person, place or thing.
.‫ ځاى او شي د اشارې له پاره کارول کېږي‬،‫➢ د نيږدې مفرد شخص‬
❖ Ex ; This is a book, This is a pen…
• That :- is used to point out far singular thing, place or person.
.‫ ځاى او شخص د اشارې له پاره کارول کېږي‬،‫➢ د لرې مفرد شي‬
❖ Ex; That is a motorcycle. , That is a car…
• These :- is the plural form of this, it is use to point out plural near things, places or
persons.
.‫ ځايونو او اشخاصو د اشارې له پاره کارول کېږي‬،‫ جمع حالت دى او د نيږدې شيانو‬this ‫➢ د‬
❖ Ex; These are cars , These are trees…
• Those :- is the plural form of that, it is used to point out far plural things, places or
persons.
.‫ ځايونو او اشخاصو د اشارې له پاره کارول کېږي‬،‫ جمع حالت دى او د لرې شيانو‬that ‫➢ د‬
❖ Ex ; Those are my friends. , Those are my brothers…
➢ Interrogative pronouns are used in question in order to seek information.
.‫ هغه دي چې په پوښتنه کې استعماليږي د معلوماتو د ترالسه کولو لپاره‬: ‫➢ پوښتونکي ضميرونه‬
❖ ( Who, What, When, Where, Why, Which, Whose, How)
➢ Indefinite pronouns :- are those pronouns which do not specify a particular person, place
or thing.
.‫ ځاى او يا شى نه په نښه کوي‬،‫ هغه ضميرونه دي چې کوم خاص شخص‬-: ‫➢ نامعلوم ضميرونه‬
❖ ( any, every, no, some)
❖ anyone, anybody, anything.
❖ Everyone, everybody, everything.
❖ No one, nobody, nothing.
❖ Someone, somebody, something.

Fb Mohammad Ayoub Rahmani 2 ‫ترتيب کوونکى محمدايوب رحماني‬


m.a.r85324@gmail.com
(c) ketabton.com: The Digital Library

‫د انګليسي ژبې د زده کړې له پاره د ګرامر نوټ‬


Parts of Speech. .‫د خبرو کولو اجزاوې‬
➢ Parts of speech are words that make sentences.
.‫ هغه لغاتونه يا کلمات دي چې د هغو څخه جملې جوړېږي‬-: ‫➢ د کالم اجزاوې‬
❖ ( Noun,Pronoun,Verb,Adjective,Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction,Article,Interjection)
• Noun:- is a word which is used as name of person, place and things.
.‫ځاى او شي له پاره کارول کېږي‬، ‫• نوم هغه کلمه ده چې د شخص‬
• Pronoun :- is a word which is used instead of nouns to prevent from its repetition in the
sentences.
• Verb :- is a word which is used to show state or action.
.‫هغه کلمه ده چې حالت يا عمل څرګند کړي‬-: ‫• فعل‬
• Adjective :- is a word which is used to modify a noun or pronoun.
.‫ هغه کلمه ده چې نوم يا ضمير تشريح کوي‬-:‫• صفت‬
• Adverb:- is a word which is used to modify verb, adjective and other adverb.
.‫ صفت او يا بل قيد تشريح کوي‬،‫ هغه کلمه ده چې فعل‬-: ‫• قيد‬
• Preposition :- is a word which is used to show the relationship between person, place
and things.
‫ځاى او شي ترمنځ اړيکې ښايې‬، ‫ هغه کلمه ده چې د شخص‬-: ‫• حرف اضافه‬
• Conjunction :- is a word which is used to join two words or two sentences.
.‫ هغه کلمه ده چې دوې کلمې او يا دوې جملې پيوند کوي‬-: ‫• حرف ربط‬
• Sentences :- is a group of words which makes a complete meaning.
.‫ يو ګروپ د کلمو دى چې بشپړه معنا ولري‬-: ‫• جمله‬
• Tense :- is the modification of an action in a
time. Sh ‫ش‬
‫ د يوه عمل څرګندول په يوه وخت کې د زمانې‬-:‫• زمانه‬ Ch ‫چ‬
.‫څخه عبارت ده‬ Gh ‫ف‬
Gh ‫غ‬
.‫پاتې برخه زماني به په بله صفحه کې تشريح شي‬ Ture ‫چر‬
Du ‫جو‬
‫ محمدايوب رحماني‬:‫ليکوال‬ Tion ‫شن‬
‫ نجيب هللا ريحان‬:‫همکار‬ Sion ‫ژن‬
Cial ‫شل‬
‫ مهم معلومات پکې د مهمو کتابونو څخه راټول شوي‬: ‫ماخذونه‬ Ti ‫ش‬
.‫دي‬ Th ‫ت‬
U ‫ى‬
V ‫و‬

Fb Mohammad Ayoub Rahmani 3 ‫ترتيب کوونکى محمدايوب رحماني‬


m.a.r85324@gmail.com
Get More e-books from www.ketabton.com
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