Review exercise 2

1 1
2 2=
a x = ,y
a x 2=
1= cot t , y sin t 1+ t 1− t
dx dy
−2 cosec2 t ,
= 4sin t cos t
= Using the chain rule:
dt dt
dx −1 dy 1
= = ,
dy dy dx dt (1 + t ) dt (1 − t ) 2
2

= ÷
dx dt dt
4sin t cos t dy dy dx
= = ÷
−2 cosec2 t dx dt dt
= −2sin 3 t cos t (1 + t ) 2
= −
(1 − t ) 2
π
b When t = :
4 When t = 12 :
2
 1  =x and y 2
=
2
2 and y =
x= 2× 1
 =
3
 2 dy ( 3 )2 9
3 =− 12 2 =− 4
=−9
dy  1   1  1 dx (2) 1
=−2 ×   ×  =− 4
dx  2  2 2
So equation of tangent is
So equation of tangent is  2
y − 2 =−9  x − 
y − 1 =− 12 ( x − 2)  3
− 12 x + 2
y= y= −9 x + 8

x 1 1
c x = 2 cot t ⇒ cot t = b x= ⇒ t = −1
2 1+ t x
y 2
y = 2sin 2 t ⇒ sin 2 t = and cosec 2 t = 1
2 y Substitute into y = :
1− t
cosec2 t = 1 + cot 2 t 1
y=
2 1 
2 x 1 −  − 1
= 1+   x 
y 2
1
4 + x2 =
= 1
4 2−
x
y 4
= x
2 4 + x2 =
2x −1
8
y=
4 + x2

π
As 0 < t  , cot t  0
2
Since x = 2 cot t , the domain of the
function is x  0.

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3 3x 2 − 2 y 2 + 2 x − 3 y + 5 =0 4 dV
5 a V = πr 3 ⇒ =4πr 2
3 dr
Differentiating with respect to x:
dy dy b Using the chain rule:
6x − 4 y + 2 − 3 + 0 = 0 dV dV dr dr
dx dx = × =4πr 2 ×
dt dr dt dt
Substituting= x 0,= y 1:
dy dy dV 1000 dr
−4 + 2 − 3 = 0 = 2
=4πr 2 ×
dx dx dt (2t + 1) dt
dy dr 1000
So =
7 =2 dt 4π(2t + 1) 2 r 2
dx
dy 2 250
= =
dx 7 π(2t + 1) 2 r 2
So gradient of normal at (0, 1) is − 72
6 a x3 + 3x 2 y = 4
Equation of normal is dy
3 x 2 + 6 xy + 3 x 2 0
=
y − 1 =− 72 ( x − 0) dx
− 72 x + 1
y= dy 3 x 2 + 6 xy
= −
7x + 2 y − 2 =0 dx 3x 2
x + 2y
= −
4 a sin x + cos y =
0.5 x

Differentiating with respect to x: b At the point (1, 1):

dy dy
= −
(1) + 2 (1)
cos x − sin y =0
dx dx (1)
dy cos x = −3
⇒ =
dx sin y Using y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = −3 at
(1, 1) gives:
dy π y − 1 =−3 ( x − 1)
b = 0 ⇒ cos x = 0 ⇒ x = ±
dx 2
y − 1 =−3 x + 3
π y= −3 x + 4
When x = :
2
1 + cos y = 0.5 ⇒ cos y =
− 0.5 7 a x= ln ( 2t − 1) , y =
at − 3t 3 , t > k
2π −2π 2t − 1 > 0 ⇒ t > 0.5
=y = or y
3 3 Therefore k > 0.5

π
When x = − :
2
−1 + cos y= 0.5 ⇒ cos y= 1.5
(no solutions)

So the only stationary points in the given

 π 2π   π −2π 
range are at  ,  and  , .
2 3  2 3 

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 dx 2 π
7 b = 8=
a x sec
= 2
t , y cot t , 0  t 
dt 2t − 1 4
dy 1
= a − 9t 2 x=
dt cos 2 t
dy dy dt dx 0 ( cos x ) − 1( − sin t cos t + cos t ( − sin x ) )
2
= × =
dx dt dx dt cos 4 t
( 2t − 1) ( a − 9t 2 ) 2sin t cos t
= =
2 cos 4 t
2 dy 2sin t
When t = , =0 =
3 dx cos3 t
  2   2 
2
2  sin t 
 2  3  − 1  a − 9  3   =  
       cos 2 t  cos t 
=0
2 = 2sec 2 t tan t as required
1 Therefore k = 2
( a − 4)
3 =0 π
2 4
a=4 b A = ∫ y dx
0
c At t = 1: From part a, dx = 2sec 2 t tan t dt
=x ln ( 2 (1)=
− 1) 0 π
4
y =4 (1) − 3 (1) =1 A = ∫ cot t ( 2sec 2 t tan t dt )
3

( )
0

dy ( 2 (1) − 1) 4 − 9 (1)
2
π
= 4
dx 2 = 2 ∫ sec 2 t dt
5 0
= −
2 π
= 2 [ tan x ]04
5
Since the gradient of the tangent is − , =2
2
2
the gradient of the normal is 2 32 5
5 9 x =
= t , y 2t 2
2 3
Using y − y1= m ( x − x1 ) with m = at 1
5 dx = t 2 dt
(0, 1) gives: 3

1
y −=
2
( x − 0)
=A ∫=
y dx 40
5 a
3 5
2  12 
=y
5
x +1 ∫a 2t  t dt  = 40
2

∫t
3
dt = 20
a
3
1 4 
 4 t  = 20
a

34 − a 4 =
80
4 4
a= 3 − 80
=1
a =1

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 5
3x
10 a Crosses x-axis at x = a so 12 Let I = ∫ dx
1 2x −1
a > 0 and a 1 − a 2 =
0
So a = 1 2 du
Let u = 2 x − 1 ⇒ 2u = 2
1
dx
b π ∫ x 2 (1 − x 2 ) dx So replace dx with u du.
0
1 u2 +1
= π  13 x 3 − 15 x5  2=
x − 1 u and
= x
0 2
2π
=
15 x u
π
2
11 x tan
= = t , y cos t 0 ≤ t ≤
4 1 1
2
dx = sec t dt
π
5 3
4
V = π ∫ y 2 dx 3
3 u2 + 1
0
π ∫1 2 × u × u du
So I =
4
V = π ∫ ( cos 2 t ) sec 2 t dt
2 3

0
= ∫(
1
3
2 u 2 + 32 ) du
π
3
4
=  12 u 3 + 23 u 
= π ∫ cos t dt 2
1

0 = ( 2 + 2 ) − ( 2 + 32 )
27 9 1
π

1 4 = 18 − 2
π (1 + cos 2t ) dt
2 ∫0
= = 16
π
1  1 4
= π t + sin 2t 
2  2 0
1 π 1
= π + 
2  4 2
π
= ( π + 2)
8

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 1 e
x3 14 Let
= I ∫ ( x 2 + 1) ln x dx
2

13 Let I = ∫ 1 dx 1
0 (1 − x 2 ) 2
du 1
Let u = 1n x ⇒ =
dx x
du dv x3
1 − x2 ⇒
Let u = −2 x
= and = x2 + 1 ⇒ v = +x
dx dx 3
du
So replace x dx with − .
2 Using the integration by parts formula:
e
 x 3   e 1  x3 
 + x 1n x  − ∫  + x  dx
2
x = 1− u I=
x3 x2  3  1 1 x  3 
So ∫( 1 dx = ∫ 1 x dx
 e3  1 
e
 x2 
1 − x2 ) (1 − x 2 ) =  + e  ×1 −  + 1 × 0 − ∫  + 1 dx
2 2

1 − u  du  3  3  1
3 
= ∫ − 
u2  2 
1
e3  x3 
e

= + e − 0 −  + x
1 1− u 3 9 1
= − ∫ 1 du
2 u2   e3
e3   1 
1 = + e −   + e  −  + 1 
− ∫ ( u − 2 − u 2 ) du
1 1
= 3  9   9 
2
2e3 10
x u = +
9 9
1 3 3
2 4
= 9 (2e + 10)
1

0 1
5x + 3 A B
15 a ≡ +
(2 x − 3)( x + 2) 2 x − 3 x + 2
3

 1 1 3 4 A( x + 2) + B (2 x − 3)
So I = −u 2 + u 2  ≡
 3 1 (2 x − 3)( x + 2)
 3 1 3 3  1 5 x + 3 ≡ A( x + 2) + B (2 x − 3)
= − + ×  −  −1 + 
 2 3 4 4  3
Let x = −2 : −7 = B(−7) so B = 1
 3 3  2
= − −−  Let x ==2:
3 21
2 ( 72 ) so A 3
A=
 8   3
2 3 3 5x + 3 3 1
= − So ≡ +
3 8 (2 x − 3)( x + 2) 2 x − 3 x + 2

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 6 5x + 3 16 ∫ e − x cos 2 x dx
15 b ∫ 2 (2 x − 3)( x + 2)
dx
This is of the form
6 6
3 1
= ∫ dx + ∫ dx ∫ u d=v uv − ∫ v du
2
2x − 3 2
x+2 du
6 With u =
cos 2 x ⇒ −2sin 2 x and
=
=  32 1n(2 x − 3) + 1n( x + 2) 2 dx
dv
= ( 32 1n 9 + 1n 8 ) − ( 32 ln1 + 1n 4 ) =e − x ⇒ v =−e − x
dx
3
= ln 9 2 + ln 8 − 0 − ln 4 Substituting into ∫ u d=
v uv − ∫ v du gives:
3
= 1n 9 2 + 1n 84 ∫e
−x
cos 2 x dx =−e − x cos 2 x − ∫ −e − x ( −2sin 2 x ) dx
= 1n 27 + 1n 2
∫e −e − x cos 2 x − 2 ∫ e − x sin 2 x dx
−x
cos 2 x dx =
= 1n 54 (1)
∫e
−x
sin 2 x dx
is of the form
∫ u d=v uv − ∫ v du
du
With u= sin 2 x ⇒ = 2 cos 2 x and
dx
dv
=e − x ⇒ v =−e − x
dx
Substituting into ∫ u d=
v uv − ∫ v du gives:

∫e
−x
sin 2 x dx =−e − x sin 2 x − ∫ −e − x ( 2 cos 2 x ) dx

−e − x sin 2 x + 2 ∫ e − x cos 2 x dx
=
Substituting into (1) gives:
∫ e cos 2 x dx
−x

= (
−e − x cos 2 x − 2 −e − x sin 2 x + 2 ∫ e − x cos 2 x dx )
−e − x cos 2 x + 2e − x sin 2 x − 4 ∫ e − x cos 2 x dx
=
5∫ e − x cos 2 x dx
−e − x cos 2 x + 2e − x sin 2 x
=

∫e
−x
cos 2 x dx
2e − x sin 2 x − e − x cos 2 x
=
5
e −x
= ( 2sin 2 x − cos 2 x )
5

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 2x −1 A B 4 dV
17 a ≡ + 18 a V = πr 3 ⇒ =4πr 2
( x − 1)(2 x − 3) x − 1 2 x − 3 3 dr
2 x − 1 ≡ A(2 x − 3) + B( x − 1)
Using the chain rule:
dV dV dr
Let x = 3
: 2 B ( 12 ) ⇒ B
= = 4 = ×
2 dt dr dt
Let x = 1: 1 =A ( −1)⇒ A =−1 dr
=4πr 2 ×
dt
2x −1 −1 4
So ≡ +
( x − 1)(2 x − 3) x − 1 2 x − 3 k dr
So =4πr 2 ×
V dt
dy dr k 1
b (2 x − 3)( x − 1) =(2 x − 1) y = 4 × 2
dx dt πr 4πr
3
3

Separating the variables: 3k

=
1 2x −1 16π2 r 5
∫ y dy = ∫ (2 x − 3)( x − 1) dx
3k
So B =
−1 4 16π2
So 1n y
= ∫ x − 1 dx + ∫ 2 x − 3 dx
b Separating the variables:
=−1n x − 1 + 21n 2 x − 3 + c 3k
∫ r dr = ∫ 16π2 dt
5

=−1n x − 1 + 1n(2 x − 3) 2 + 1n A
(2 x − 3) 2 r6 3k
= 1n A = t+A
x −1 6 16π2
9k
= r6 t + A′
So the general solution is 8π2
A(2 x − 3) 2  9k 6
1

y= =r  2 t + A′ 
x −1  8π 

A(2 x − 3) 2 dV
c y= 19 a Rate of change of volume is cm3 s −1
x −1 dt
Increase is 20 cm3 s–1
When x = 2, y = 10 so Decrease is kV cm3 s–1, where k is a
A(4 − 3) 2 constant of proportionality.
=10 =⇒ A 10
2 −1
So the overall rate of change is
So the particular solution is dV
= 20 − kV
10(2 x − 3) 2 dt
y=
( x − 1)

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19 b Separating the variables: dC
20 a is the rate of change of concentration.
1 dt
∫ 20 − kV dV = ∫ 1dt
The concentration is decreasing so the rate
1 of change is negative.
So − 1n 20 − kV =
t +c
k
dC dC
So − ∝ C or = −kC ,
=
When t 0,=V 0 so dt dt
1
where k is a positive constant of
− ln 20 =c proportionality.
k
b Separating the variables:
Combining the ln terms: 1
1 20 − kV
− 1n = t ∫ C dC = − ∫ k d t
k 20 so ln C =−kt + ln A,
20 − kV where 1n A is a constant.
1n = −kt
20
20 − kV C
= e − kt So ln = −kt
20 A
kV= 20 − 20 e − kt C
= e − kt
20 20 − kt A
V
= − e
k k
So the general solution is C = A e − kt .
20 20
So A = and B = −
k k
=
c When t 0,=
C C0 so A = C0
20 20 − kt dV So C = C0 e − kt
c V= − e ⇒ =20 e − kt
k k dt
=
When t 4,=
C 1
10 C0 so
dV
Substitute = 10 when t = 5 : 1
C0 = C0 e −4 k
dt 10

10= 20 e −5 k ⇒ e −5 k= 12 e 4 k = 10
4k = 1n10
Taking natural logarithms: k = 14 1n10
−5k 1n 12 =
= or 5k ln 2
=k 1
51n 2 0.1386 (4 d.p.)
= 21 The two vectors are parallel
t so 9i + qj = λ(2i − j)
100 100  1  5
So=
V −  
1n 2 1n 2  2  Equating coefficients:
When t = 10 : 9 = 2λ
100 100 1 λ = 92
V= − ×
1n 2 1n 2 4 q = −λ
75 = − 92
=
1n 2
= 108.2 (1 d.p.)

So the volume is 108 cm3 (3 s.f.).

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 
22 |5i − kj| = |2ki + 2j| 25 b PQ = 100 + 25 + =
4 129
( 2k )
2 2 2
5 + k= +2

25 + k2 = 4k2 + 4 Unit vector in direction of PQ
3k2 = 21 10 5 2
k2 = 7 = i− j− k
129 129 129
k=± 7
The positive value of k is 7. −2
c cos θ z = = −0.1761
129
23( )( ) (
23 a + b = 8 + −15 =
x
−7
23 + x ) θ z 101.1° (1 d.p.)
=

or : −7i + (23 + x)j d AB = 30i − 15 j + 6k
There

is 
no scalar, say m,

for

which

x( )( ) ( )
b − c = −15 − −13 =
2
−2
x−2
AB = mPQ, so AB and PQ are not
parallel.

or : −2i + (x − 2)j

As a + b is parallel to b − c
−7i + (23 + x)j = λ(−2i + (x − 2)j)

Equating coefficients and solving

simultaneously:
−7 = −2λ and 23 + x = λ(x − 2)
λ = 3.5
23 + x = 3.5(x − 2)
23 + x = 3.5x − 7
2.5x = 30
x = 12

24 AB = 1 + 36 + 16 = 53

AC= 25 + 4 + 9= 38
  
BC = AC − AB = 6i − 8 j − 7k

BC = 36 + 64 + 49 = 149

53 + 38 − 149
cos ∠BAC = −0.6462...
=
2 × 53 × 38
∠BAC = 130.3° (1 d.p.)

25 a Let O be the fixed origin.

  
PQ = OQ − OP = 10i − 5 j − 2k

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 
26 MN = 10i − 5 j − 4k 27 −6i + 40 j + 16k= 3 pi + ( 8 + qr ) j + 2 prk

MN= 102 + 52 + 42= 141
Comparing coefficients of i:
 −6 =3 p ⇒ p =−2
MP = ( k + 2 ) i − 2 j − 11k
 Comparing coefficients of k:
MP = ( k + 2 ) + 22 + 112
2
16 =2 pr ⇒ pr =8 ⇒ r =−4

( k + 2)
2
= + 125
Comparing coefficients of j:
 40 =+
8 qr ⇒ qr = 32 ⇒ q =−8
NP = ( k − 8 ) i + 3 j − 7k
 −2, q =
p= −8, r =
−4
NP = ( k − 8 ) + 32 + 7 2
2

2  −1 
( k − 8)
2
= + 56    
28 r = −1 + λ  −2 
  3  3
If MN = MP then    
At A, λ = 4 and at B, λ = −1
( k + 2) For A:
2
141 = + 125
 2   −1   −2 
( k + 2)
2
16
=      
 −1 + 4  −2  = −9 
k + 2 =±4  3   3   15 
.      
k = 2 or k = −6 So A is the point (−2, −9, 15)
⇒k =2 (since k is positive) For B:
   2   −1   3 
If MN = NP then      
 −1 − 1 −2  =
1
 3   3  0
     
( k − 8)
2
141 = + 56
So B is the point (3, 1, 0)
( k − 8)
2
85
=
( −2 − 3) + ( −9 − 1) + (15 − 0 )
2 2 2
AB =
So there are no integer solutions for k
 
( −5) + ( −10 ) + (15 − 0 )
2 2 2
if MN = NP =
= 5 14
 
If MP = NP then

( k + 2) ( k − 8)
2 2
+ 125 = + 56
k 2 + 4k + 129 = k 2 − 16k + 122
20k = −7
So there are no positive solutions for k
 
if MP = NP

So k = 2

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29 P is the point (1, −1, 3), Q is the point 11  4
(a, 3, 8) and R is the point (5, 7, b) 30 a l1 has equation
=
   
r  5  + λ  2  and l2 has
 a   1   a − 1 6  4
          
PQ=  3  −  −1=  4 
8  3   5   24  7
         
equation= r  4  + µ 1
5  1   4   13  5
          
PR=  7  −  −1=   8 
 b   3   b − 3 If l1 and l2 intersect then:
      11  4   24  7
5 a 5 − a        
        5  + λ  2  = 4  + µ  1 
QR =  7  −  3  =  4  6  4   13  5
       
b 8 b −8
      11 + 4λ = 24 + 7 µ ⇒ 4λ − 7 µ =13 (1)
Since the points are collinear: 5 + 2λ =+ 4 µ ⇒ 2λ − µ = −1 (2)
 a − 1  4  5 − a 6 + 4λ =13 + 5µ ⇒ 4λ − 5µ =7 (3)
     
 4  λ=
=  8  µ 4  Subtracting (3) from (1) gives:
      4λ − 7 µ − 4λ + 5µ =13 − 7
 5   b − 3 b −8
From the second row: −2 µ = 6
8λ = 4 µ = −3
1 Substituting µ = −3 into (3) gives:
λ=
2 4λ − 5 ( −3) =7
From first row:
4λ = −8
1
a − 1 =4   λ = −2
2
Substituting µ = −3 and λ = −2 into (2)
a=3
gives:
From third row:
LHS =2 ( −2 ) − ( −3) =−1
1
( b − 3) =5 RHS = −1
2
b = 13 −1 =−1
Substituting for a and b gives: Therefore l1 and l2 intersect
1  2
   
r = −1 + λ  4  11  4
3 5 b Substituting λ = −2 into  5  + λ  2 
 
    6  4
   
gives:
11  4   3 
     
 5  − 2 2 =1
 6   4   −2 
     
So l1 and l2 intersect at the point (3, 1, −2)

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 l1 ⋅ l2 31 b Let P be the point (x, y, z)
30 c cos θ =
l1 l2 8 1
l1 has equation    
 4 7 = r 12  + λ  1 
    14   −1
l1 ⋅ l2 =  2  ⋅  1     

 4  5 OP is perpendicular to l1, therefore:
   
= 4 ( 7 ) + 2 (1) + 4 ( 5 )  1   x
   
= 50  1 ⋅ y  =0
 −1  z 
l1 = 42 + 22 + 42    
x+ y−z = 0 (1)
= 36 Since P lies on l1:
=6 8  1   x
l2 = 7 2 + 12 + 52      
12  + λ  1  =  y
14   −1  z 
= 75      
50 x= 8 + λ
cos θ = y 12 + λ
=
6 75
z 14 − λ
=
5 3 Substituting for x, y and z in (1) gives:
=
9 (8 + λ ) + (12 + λ ) − (14 − λ ) =
0
3λ = −6
8 1
31 a l1 has equation
=
   
r 12  + λ  1  λ = −2
14   −1 When λ = −2
    x = 8 + ( −2 ) = 6
A(4, 8, a) and B(b, 13, 13) lie on l1
For A: y = 12 + ( −2 ) = 10
8  1   4 z = 14 − ( −2 ) = 16
      So P has coordinates (6, 10, 16)
12  + λ  1  =8
14   −1  a 
      
8+λ = 4⇒λ = −4 c OP = 62 + 102 + 162
14 − λ = a ⇒ a = 18
= 14 2
For B:
8 1 b
     
12  + λ  1  =13 
14   −1 13 
     
12 + λ = 13 ⇒ λ = 1
8+λ =b ⇒ b =9
So a = 18 and b = 9

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 2 3
Substituting µ = − into (1) gives:
32 a The shark has position vector  3  and 5
 −1  3
  −4λ + 2  −  =
0
 5
 −2 
3
swims to  11  λ= −
 11  10
  3
λ= −
 2 10
The flounder has position vector  0  and Substituting λ = −
3 3
and µ = − into (3)
1 10 5
 
gives:
 −2   3   3 6
swims in the direction  −1  LHS = 10  −  − 3  −  = −
 10   5  5
 3
  RHS = 2
For the shark: 6
 −2   2   −4  − ≠2
     
5
 11  −  3  =
8 Therefore the paths of the shark and
 11   −1  10  flounder do not intersect.
     
2  −4  b It is unlikely that the shark will not adjust
   
=r  3 +λ 8  course to intercept the flounder.
 −1  10  Fish don’t tend to swim in straight lines.
   
For the flounder:
 2  −2 
   
r =  0  + µ  −1 
1  3
   
If the paths of the shark and flounder
intersect then:
2  −4   2   −2 
       
 3  + λ  8  =  0  + µ  −1 
 −1  10   1   3
       
2 − 4λ = 2 − 2 µ ⇒ −4λ + 2 µ = 0 (1)
3 + 8λ =− µ ⇒ 8λ + µ =−3 (2)
−1 + 10λ = 1 + 3µ ⇒ 10λ − 3µ = 2 (3)
Adding 2 × (1) and (2) gives:
−8λ + 4 µ + 8λ + µ =0 − 3
5µ = −3
3
µ= −
5

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Challenge e3
1
1 a x3 − xy 2 =y + 5 2 ∫ x ln x dx
e2
dy dy du 1
3 x 2 − y 2 − 2 xy = Let u =ln x ⇒ = ⇒ dx =x du
dx dx dx x
dy The limits become:
(1 + 2 xy ) =3x 2 − y 2
dx =u ln=e 2 2 and= e3 3
u ln=
dy 3 x 2 − y 2 e3
1
3
1
=
dx 1 + 2 xy ∫ x ln x
dx = ∫ du
u
e2 2

= [ ln u ]2
3
dy
b (1 + 2 xy ) =3x 2 − y 2
dx = ln 3 − ln 2
3
d2 y dy  dy  dy = ln  
2 (
1 + 2 xy ) +  2 y + 2 x  = 6x − 2 y 2
dx dx  dx  dx
2
d2 y dy  dy  dy  −2   −1  1
2 (
1 + 2 xy ) + 2 y + 2 x   = 6x − 2 y         
dx dx  dx  dx 3 OA=  −3  , OB =  −1 and OC = 1
d2 y dy
2 0 3  1
 dy       
2 (
1 + 2 xy ) =6x − 4 y − 2x  
dx dx  dx   −1  −2   1 
2
      
dy  dy  AB =  −1 −  −3  =  2 
6x − 4 y − 2x    3   0   3
d2 y dx  dx       
=
dx 2 1 + 2 xy 1  −1  2 
      
BC= 1 −  −1=  2 
c At (2, 1):      
dy 3 ( 2 ) − (1)
2 2 1  3   −2 
= 1  2 
dx 1 + 2 ( 2 )(1)      
AB ⋅ BC =  2  ⋅  2 
11
=  3   −2 
5    
 11   11 
2
= 1( 2 ) + 2 ( 2 ) + 3 ( −2 )
6 ( 2 ) − 4 (1)   − 2 ( 2 )  
2
d y 5 5 =0
=  
dx 2
1 + 2 ( 2 )(1) Therefore AB and BC are perpendicular

404 and hence AC is a diameter.
= − 
125 The midpoint of AC is:
 −2 + 1 −3 + 1 0 + 1   1 1
 , ,  = − , −1, 
 2 2 2   2 2

AC = ( −2 − 1) + ( −3 − 1) + ( 0 − 1)
2 2 2

= 26
26
Therefore the radius is and the midpoint
2
 1 1
is  − , −1, 
 2 2

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