Question 4 (G10.

14)
A 625kV generator with X”d = 0.20 per unit is connected to a bus through a circuit
breaker, as shown in the figure below. Connected through circuit breakers to the
same bus are three synchronous motors rated 250hp, 2.4kV, 1.0 power factor, 90%
efficiency, with X”d = 0.20 per unit. The motors are operating at full load, unity
power factor, and rated voltage, with the load equally divided among the machines.
For interrupting current, presume that transient reactance for the synchronous
motors is 1.5 times the subtransient reactance.

(a) Draw the impedance diagram with the impedances

marked in per unit on a base of 625kVA, 2.4kV.

(b) Find the symmetrical short-circuit current in

amperes, which must be interrupted by breakers A and
B for a three-phase fault at point P. Simplify the
calculations by neglecting the pre-fault current.

(c) Repeat part (b) for a three-phase fault at point Q.

(d) Repeat part (b) for a three-phase fault at point R.

Question 4 (G10.14)
General thoughts

breaker

http://www.egr.unlv.edu/~eebag/Fault%20Analysis.pdf
 Question 4 (G10.14)
(a) Draw the impedance diagram marked in per unit on a base of 625kVA, 2.4kV.

Base of 625kVA.
Motors: Output 250hp, 2.4kV, 1.0 power factor, 90% efficiency.

250hp W
 746
P 0.9 hp
Motor input: S   207.22kVA.
cos( ) 1
Motor subtransient S 625kVA
x' ' m  X ' ' d , m b  j 0.2   j 0.603 pu
reactance: S 207.22kVA

Motor reactance in transient state: x' m  1.5  x' ' m  1.5  j 0.603 pu  j 0.905 pu
S=207.22kVA
Ub=2.4kV
j0.905 Motors
Sb=625kVA
j0.20 j0.905
R

j0.905
GEN Q

P
Question 4 (G10.14)
Let’s calculate the transient current using the Thevenin’s theorem

Any possible fault occurs between the generator and the motors.
One phase diagram (one generator, three motors):
Zth=?

Zg=j0.2 3 of Zm=x’m=j0.905

1 1
 1   1 
Z motors   
   3  
  0.302 pu
 Z motors   Zm 
Z th Z motors Z gen j 0.302  j 0.2
Z th    j 0.1203 pu
Z motors  Z gen j 0.302  j 0.2
Thevenin voltage is voltage at the start of the fault :
Uf If’
U f  1.00 pu
Uf 1
 I 'f     j8.315 pu
Z th j 0.1107
 Question 4 (G10.14)
Let’s calculate the transient current (symmetrical short-circuit current) using the
Thevenin’s theorem
We can calculate the value of base current and absolute value of transient current:
Sb=625kVA
Ub=2.4kV SB 625
IB    150.35 A
3 U B 3  2.4
I 'f  8.315  150.35  1250.2 A

at the generator (current division): I’f

Ig Im
Z motors 0.302
I g  I 'f   j8.315    j 5.0 pu
Z g  Z motors 0.502
for each motor: Zg=j0.2
Zmotors=j0.302
8.315  5.0
Im   j   j1.105 pu
3
 Question 4 (G10.14)
b) fault at point P

Fault at P:

A B A B
Ig Im Im
Im Im

Currents to be interrupted:

Breaker A : I  I g   j 5.0 pu  752 A

Breaker B : I  I g  2  I m   j 5.0  2 j1.105   j 7.21 pu  1084 A
 Question 4 (G10.14)
c) fault at point Q

Fault at Q:

Ig Im

A B A B
Ig Im Im Im

Currents to be interrupted:

Breaker A : I  I g   j 5.0 pu  752 A

Breaker B : I  I m   j1.105 pu  166A (one motor)
 Question 4 (G10.14)
d) fault at point R

Fault at R:
Ig Im

A B A B
Ig Im Im Im
Ig

Currents to be interrupted:
Breaker A : I  3  I m  3   j1.105 pu    j 3.315 pu  493.6A (three motors)
Breaker B : I  I m   j1.105 pu  166A (one motor)

 b) - d) max currents to be interrupted are 

 
 Breaker A : 725A 
 Breaker B : 1084A 
 