1 1 −1 0 1 3 4 2

4 4 −3 1 2 −1 3 2
Q1. A = [ ] Q2. A= [ ]
𝑏 2 2 2 3 −5 2 2
9 9 𝑏 3 6 −3 8 6
𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 4𝑅1 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1

𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑏𝑅1 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 3𝑅1
𝑅4 → 𝑅4 − 9𝑅1 𝑅4 → 𝑅4 − 6𝑅1
1 1 −1 0 1 3 4 2
0 0 1 1 0 −7 −5 −2
A~[ ] A= [ ]
0 2−𝑏 2+𝑏 2 0 −14 −10 −4
0 0 𝑏+9 3 0 −24 −16 −6
𝑅3 ↔ 𝑅2 𝑅2
𝑅2 → −
7
1 1 −1 0
0 2−𝑏 2+𝑏 2 1 3 4 2
A~[ ] 5 2
0 0 1 1 0 1
A= 7 7
0 0 𝑏+9 3 0 −14 −10 −4
1 [0 −24 −16 −6]
𝑅2 → 𝑅2 ×
2−𝑏
𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + 14𝑅2
1 1 −1 0
2+𝑏 2 𝑅4 → 𝑅4 + 24𝑅2
0 1
A~ 2−𝑏 2−𝑏
0 0 1 1 1 3 4 2
[0 0 𝑏+9 3 ] 5 2
0 1
7 7
A=
𝑅4 → 𝑅4 − (𝑏 + 9)𝑅3 0 0 0 0
8
1 1 −1 0 [0 0
7
0]
𝑏+1 3
0 1 𝑅3⇔𝑅4 𝑅3 ↔ 𝑅4
A~ 8 8
0 0 1 1
[0 0 0 −𝑏 − 6] 1 3 4 2
5 2
0 1
Now, R(A) will be 3 if -b-6=0 7 7
A= 8
0 0 0
7
∴b=-6 [0 0 0 0]
7
𝑅3 → 𝑅3 ×
8
 1 3 4 2 1 1 −3 : −1
5 2 C = [0
0 1 1 −3 : −2]
A= 7 7
0 0 0 : 0
0 0 0 0
[0 0 0 0] R(A)=R(C)< no. of unknowns(3)
R(A) = 3 Hence, equations are consistent and have infinite solutions.
Q3. 4x-2y+6z=8 1 1 −3 𝑥 −1
∴ [0 1 −3] [𝑦] = [−2]
x+y-3z=-1
0 0 0 𝑧 0
15x-3y+9z=21 ⇒ x+y-3z = -1, y-3z = -2
4 −2 6 𝑥 8 ∴x= -1+2=1
A=[1 1 −3] X= [𝑦] B = [−1]
15 −3 9 𝑧 21 Let z = k
Then y = 3k-2
Now, C = [A : B] x=1, y=3k-2, z = k
4 −2 6 : 8 Q4. x+y+z=6
C=[1 1 −3 : −1 ]
15 −3 9 : 21 x+2y+5z=10
𝑅2 ↔ 𝑅1 2x+3y+𝜆𝑧 = 𝜇
1 1 −3 : −1 1 1 1 𝑥 6
C=[4 −2 6 : 8] A = [1 2 5] 𝑦
X=[ ] 10
B=[ ]
15 −3 9 : 21 2 3 𝜆 𝑧 𝜇
𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 4𝑅1 Now, C = [A : B]
𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 15𝑅1 1 1 1 : 6
1 1 −3 : −1 C = [1 2 5 : 10 ]
C = [0 −6 18 : 12] 2 3 𝜆 : 𝜇
0 −18 54 : 36 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1
1
𝑅2 → 𝑅2 × − 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 2𝑅1
6
1 1 −3 : −1 1 1 1 : 6
C = [0 1 −3 : −2] C = [0 1 4 : 4]
0 −18 54 : 36 0 1 𝜆 − 2 : 𝜇 − 12

𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + 18𝑅2 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅2
 1 1 1 : 6 8 −6 2
C = [0 1 4 : 4] Q6. A = [−6 7 −4]
0 0 𝜆 − 6 : 𝜇 − 16 2 −4 3
To have a unique solution, R(A)=R(C)=3 |𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼 | = 0

⇒𝜆−6≠0 8−𝜆 −6 2
⇒| −6 7−𝜆 −4 | = 0
⇒𝜆≠6 2 −4 3−𝜆
(i) 𝜆 ≠ 6, μ can have any value. ⇒(8 − 𝜆){(7 − 𝜆)(3 − 𝜆) − 16} + 6(+8 − 18 + 6𝜆) + 2(24 − 14 + 2𝜆) = 0

To have infinite no. of solutions, R(A)=R(C)<3 ⇒−𝜆3 + 118 − 45𝜆 = 0

⇒ 𝜆 = 6, 𝜇 = 16 ⇒−𝜆(𝜆 − 3)(𝜆 − 15) = 0

(ii) 𝜆 = 6, 𝜇 = 16 ⇒ 𝜆 = 0, 3, 15

To have no solution, R(A)≠R(C) Now, for 𝜆 = 0;

⇒ 𝜆 = 6, 𝜇 ≠ 16 (𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼)𝑋 = 0

(iii) 𝜆 = 6, 𝜇 ≠ 16 8 −6 2 𝑥 0
[−6 7 −4] [𝑦] = [0]
3 −1 1 2 −4 3 𝑧 0
Q5. A = [−1 5 −1]
1 −1 3 ⇒8x-6y+2z=0 ……..(1)

|𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼 | = 0 -6x+7y-4z=0 ………..(2)
3−𝜆 −1 1 Solving equation 1 and 2,
⇒| −1 5−𝜆 −1 | = 0 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
1 −1 3−𝜆 ⇒ = =
24−14 −12+32 56−36

⇒(3 − 𝜆){(5 − 𝜆)(3 − 𝜆) − 1} + 1(−3 + 𝜆 + 1) + 1(1 − 5 + 𝜆) = 0 ⇒

𝑥
=
𝑦
=
𝑧
10 20 20
⇒(3 − 𝜆)(𝜆2 − 8𝜆 + 14) − 2 + 𝜆 − 4 + 𝜆 = 0 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
⇒ = =
1 2 2
⇒ 𝜆3 − 11𝜆2 + 36𝜆 − 36 = 0
1
⇒ (𝜆 − 2)(𝜆 − 3)(𝜆 − 6) = 0 ∴Eigen vector, 𝑋1 = 𝑘1 [2]
2
⇒ 𝜆 = 2, 3, 6
Now, for 𝜆 = 3;
We know that if a square matrix A has eigen values 𝜆1 , 𝜆2 , 𝜆3,⋯⋯ , 𝜆𝑛 then its
transpose (𝐴𝑇 ) will have same eigen values. (𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼)𝑋 = 0

Hence, eigen values of the given matrix are 2, 3, 6

 5 −6 2 𝑥 0
[−6 4 −4] [𝑦] = [0]
2 −4 0 𝑧 0
⇒5x-6y+2z=0 ……..(1)
-6x+4y-4z=0 ………..(2)
Solving equation 1 and 2,
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
⇒ = =
24−8 −12+20 20−36
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
⇒ = =
16 8 −16
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
⇒ = =
2 1 −2

2
∴Eigen vector, 𝑋2 = 𝑘2 [ 1 ]
−2
Now, for 𝜆 = 15;
(𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼)𝑋 = 0
−7 −6 2 𝑥 0
[−6 −8 −4 ] [𝑦] = [0]
2 −4 −12 𝑧 0
⇒-7x-6y+2z=0 ……..(1)
-6x-8y-4z=0 ………..(2)
Solving equation 1 and 2,
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
⇒ = =
24+16 −12−28 56−36
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
⇒ = =
40 −40 20
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
⇒ = =
2 −2 1

2
∴Eigen vector, 𝑋3 = 𝑘3 [−2]
1