NSTP 1: CITIZENSHIP TRAINING
Unit 2 – The Philippine Constitution
The Philippines Constitutions
Constitution
 The basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or
social group that determine the powers and
duties of government and guarantee certain
rights to the people in it.
 The fundamental laws of the land.
Several constitutions (6) – aim to achieve unity,
governance, peace and order
 The 1899 Malolos Constitution
 The 1935 Constitution (Pres. Manuel L.
Quezon)
 The 1943 Constitution (Japanese Occupation)
 The 1973 Constitution (Martial Law)
 The 1986 Provisional “Freedom” Constitution
(Corazon Aquino – temporary)
 The 1987 Philippine Constitution
The 1987 Philippine Constitution
- Reinstate our freedom from the
Ferdinand Marcos’ dictatorship
- Led by Corazon Aquino
- Drafted in 133 days
- Constitutional Commission (48 members)
- Ratified by the people in a plebiscite
(Feb 2, 1987)
The 1987 Philippines Constitution’s PREAMBLE
Preamble – introductory part (goal, aim, justification)
We, the sovereign Filipino People, imploring
the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and
humane society, and establish a Government that
shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the
common good, conserve and develop our patrimony,
and secure ourselves and our posterity, the blessings
of independence and democracy under the rule of law
and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality
and peace, do ordain and promulgate this
Constitution.
 Reflects our culture/tradition
 Declaration of what kind of government
we want to establish; what kind of
commitment we want to give our nation
Articles and Sections
Article I. NATIONAL TERRITORY
 Declaration of the composition of our country’s
territories (land, sea & air)
Article II. DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE
POLICIES
Section 4. The prime duty of the government
is to serve and protect the people. The Government
may call upon the people to defend the State and, in
the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required,
under conditions provided by law, to render personal,
military or civil service.
Section 13. The State recognizes the vital role
of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and
protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual,
and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth
patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their
involvement in public and civic affairs.
Article III. BILL OF RIGHTS
Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life,
liberty, or property without due process of law, nor
shall any person be denied the equal protection of the
laws.
Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging
the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press,
or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and
petition the government for redress of grievances.
(awareness)
Section 6. The liberty of abode and of
changing the same within the limits prescribed by law
shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the
court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired
except in the interest of national security, public
safety, or public health, as may be provided by law.
(Bayanihan Act)
Article IV. CITIZENSHIP
 The criteria on how to be a Filipino citizen
 Natural Born Filipino Citizen – born in PH
 Naturalized – mandate of law making them
Filipino
Article V. SUFFRAGE
 the right to vote
Article VI. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
  The Congress and Senate of the Philippines inequalities, and remove cultural inequities by
(the law-making body) – roles and equitably diffusing wealth and political power for the
responsibilities common good.

Article VII. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

 The Presidential Office (composition, role,
component)
 Cabinet Member and Offices
Article VIII. JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
 The Judiciary System of the Philippines
(Supreme Court, Regional Trial Courts and
etc.)
Article IX. CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS
Article XIV. EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
ARTS, CULTURE AND SPORTS
 DepEd, CHED & DOST
Article XV. THE FAMILY
 Give importance to the value of family
Article XVI. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article XVII. AMENDMENTS OR REVISIONS

 The Civil Service Commission (work under
government)
 The Commission on Elections (manage, handle
and protect our electoral system)
 The Commission of Audit (in charge for check
and balance of our government)
Article X. LOCAL GOVERNMENT
 The territorial and political division of the
Republic of the PH:
 Provinces
 Cities
 Municipalities
 Barangays
Article XVIII. TRANSITORY PROVISIONS
Ordinance
 The creation of the political boundaries of the
different regions, cities, municipalities, and
districts.
 Outdated
Members of the Constitutional Commission
 List of names who contributed in the drafting
of the 1987 Constitution
 Different Sectors: Religious, NGOs, Academe,
Political, Economic, Business

Article XI. ACCOUNTABILITY OF THE PUBLIC OFFICERS

Section 1. Public office is a public trust. Public

officers and employees must at all times be
accountable to the people, serve them with utmost
responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency, act
with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives.

 Covers the government offices that can be

impeached, and its process.
 The Sandiganbayan
 The Office of the Ombudsman

ARTICLE XII. NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY

 Roles and responsibilities of the government

in terms of handling the economic status of
the country.

ARTICLE XIII. SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Section 1. The Congress shall give highest

priority to the enactment of measures that protect
and enhance the right of all the people to human
dignity, reduce social, economic, and political

Unit 3 – United Nations: Principles on Human Rights
Human Rights
 universal and inalienable
 indivisible
 interdependent and interrelated
 They apply to all equally, and all have the
right to participate in decisions that affects
their lives. They are upheld by the rule of law
and strengthen through legitimate claims for
duty-bearers to be accountable to
international standards.
Principles
1. Universality and Inalienability
 Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, Article I
Section IX. The state shall promote a
just and dynamic social order.
Section X. The state shall promote
social justice in all phases of national
development.
Section XI. The state values the dignity
of ever human persona and
guarantees full respect for human
rights.
Conclusion
 We all have rights.
 We are all equal, and should treat each other
in accordance: with respect, empathy, and
love.
 Let us continue to know more about those
rights and exercise them with prudence.
 #WeBelong. #WorldWithoutStrangers.
#Kapamilya. #Kapuso. #Kapatid.
 We are all one race – the HUMAN RACE.

“All human beings are born free and

equal in dignity and rights.”

2. Indivisibility
 Inherent to the dignity of every
human person
 Equal status and cannot be positioned
in a hierarchical order
3. Interdependence and Interrelatedness
 Each one contributes to the
realization of a person’s human
dignity through the satisfactions of his
or her developmental, physical,
psychological and spiritual needs
4. Equality and Non-discrimination
 No one should suffer discrimination
(race, color, ethnicity, gender, age,
language, sexual orientation, religion,
political, national, social or
geographical)
5. Participation and Inclusion
 Participation by communities, civil
society, minorities, women, young
people, indigenous people and other
identified groups
6. Accountability and Rule of Law
 Individuals, the media, civil society
and the international community
 The 1987 Philippine Constitution
(Article 2)

Unit 4 – Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines
(R.A. 8491 s. 1998)
Republic Act 8491
Section 1. Flag and Heraldic Code of the
Philippines
Section 2. Declaration Policy - Reverence and
respect shall at all times be accorded the flag, the
anthem and other national symbols which embody
the national ideals and traditions and which express
the principles of sovereignty and national solidarity.
The heraldic items and devices shall seek to manifest
the national virtues and to inculcate in the minds and
hearts of our people a just pride in their native land,
fitting respect and affection for the national flag and
anthem, and the proper use of the national motto,
coat-of-arms and other heraldic items and devices.
Section 4. The flag of the Philippines shall be
blue, white and red with an eight-rayed golden-yellow
sun and three five-pointed stars, as consecrated and
honored by the people.
Section 5. The flag shall be displayed in all
public buildings, official residences public plazas, and
institutions of learning everyday throughout the year.
Section 6. The flag shall be permanently
hoisted, day and night throughout the year, in front of
the following; at Malacanang Palace; the Congress of
the Philippines building; Supreme Court building; the
Rizal Monument in Luneta, Manila; Aguinaldo Shrine
in Kawit, Cavite; Barasoain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan;
the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Libingan ng mga
Bayani; Mausuleo de los Beteranos dela Revolucion;
all International Ports of Entry and all other places as
maybe designated by the Institute. The flag shall be
properly illuminated at night.
Section 7. The flag shall also be displayed in
private buildings and residences or raised in the open
flag-staffs in front of said buildings:
 April 9 (Araw ng Kagitingan)
 May 1 (Labor Day); May 28 (National Flag
Day) to June 12 (Independence Day)
 last Sunday of August (National Heroes Day)
 November 30 (Bonifacio Day)
 December 30 (Rizal Day)
 If displayed all year round – flag raising
ceremony
Section 10.
Section 14.  A flag worn out through wear
and tear shall not be thrown away. It shall be
solemnly burned to avoid misuse or desecration. The
flag shall be replaced immediately when it begins to
show signs of wear and tear.
Section 18. All government offices and
educational institutions shall henceforth observe the
flag-raising ceremony every Monday morning and the
flag lowering ceremony every Friday afternoon. The
ceremony shall be simple and dignified and shall
include the playing or singing of the Philippine
National Anthem.
Section 23. Half-mast flag as a sign of
mourning
 President or former pres (10 days)
 VPres, Chief Justice, Pres of the Senate,
Speaker of the House of Rep. – 7 days
 Other persons determined by the institute –
less than 7 days
Section 34. It shall be prohibited
a. To mutilate, deface, defile, trample, on or cast
contempt any act or omission casting dishonor or
ridicule upon the flag over its surface;
b. To dip the flag to any person or object by way of
compliment or salute;
c. To use the flag as: (1) drapery, festoon, tablecloth
(2) covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other objects
(3) pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor
vehicles (4) staff or whip (5) unveiling monuments or
statues (6) trademarks or for industrial, commercial or
agricultural labels or designs.
d. Display the flag: (1) under any painting or picture
(2) horizontally face-up (3) below any platform (4) in
discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos,
gambling joints and places of vice or where frivolity
prevails.

e. To wear the flag in whole or in part as a costume or

uniform;

f. To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design,

drawings, advertisements, or imprint of any nature on
the flag;

g. To print, paint or attach representation of the flag

on handkerchiefs, napkins, cushions, and other
articles of merchandise;

h. To display in public any foreign flag, except in

embassies and other diplomatic establishments, and
in offices of international organizations.

i. To use, display or be part of any advertisement of

infomercial; and

j. To display the flag in front of buildings or offices

occupied by aliens.

The National Anthem

Section 35. Lupang Hinirang

Section 37. The rendition of the National

Anthem, whether played or sung, shall be in
accordance with the musical arrangement and
composition of Julian Felipe.

Section 38. As a sign of respect, all persons

shall stand in attention and face the flag if one is
displayed. If none, face the band or conductor. Right
palms over their left chests.

The National Motto

Section 40. The national Motto shall be

“MAKA-DIYOS, MAKA-TAO, MAKAKALIKASAN AT
MAKABANSA.”

Penalties

Section 50. Any person or judicial entity which

violates any of the provisions of this Act shall, upon
conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than Five
thousand pesos (5,000.00) not more than Twenty
thousand pesos (P20,000.00), or by imprisonment for
not more than one (1) year, or both such fine and
imprisonment, at the discretion of the
court: Provided, That for any second and additional
offenses, both fine and imprisonment shall always be
imposed: Provided, That in case the violation
is committed by a juridical person, its President or
Chief Executive Officer thereof shall be liable.
 nation, we honor our family by honoring
our nation. Sa isip, sa salita, at sa gawa.

MAKA-TAO

 Love
- what you do not want done to yourself,
Unit 5 – The Good Citizenship Values do not do to others. (Confucius)
- eliminate the regionism
 The Good Filipino Citizenship Values is - love for fellow citizen
embedded in the 1987 Philippine  Freedom
Constitution’s Preamble. - always linked to responsibility
 Stipulated in RA 8491 – Flag and Heraldic - freedom to think and act and that will
Code of the Philippines lead us to consequences that we ought to
Section 40. The national Motto shall be be responsible of
“MAKA-DIYOS, MAKA-TAO, MAKAKALIKASAN  Peace
AT MAKABANSA.” - be a peacemaker; starts with yourself and
let it radiate to the people around you
MAKA- MAKA- MAKAKALIKASA
MAKABANSA  Truth
DIYOS TAO N
 Faith in  Love  Concern for  Unity
- always be prevails
the  Freedo the  Equality - better be on side of the truth rather than
Almighty environment be sorry
m  Respect for
God
 Peace Law and  Justice
 Respect
 Truth Governmen
for Life - to give credit to where credit is due
t’s Rule of
 Justice - pay in monetary value in exchange of
 Order Law
 Work  Patriotism goods/service
 Concern  Common
for the Good MAKAKALIKASAN
family and
future  Concern for the Environment
generatio - the world is changing and it gravely affects
ns our environment. we must participate in
rehabilitating the earth even in our own
MAKA-DIYOS
ways:
 Faith in the Almighty God - proper waste disposal
- As a nation, we have faith that God, will - conserve energy
guide us in the right direction. - lesson carbon monoxide emission
 Respect for Life - protect our marine life
- It is a call to respect your own life and the - plant more trees
life of others. To do no harm and violence,
MAKA-BANSA
and to protect one another from
destruction.  Unity
 Order - pag-kakaisa towards a common goal, and
- This is adherence to discipline. Discipline that is for the betterment of our nation
the mind and the body, so that, in every  Equality
decisions and actions we do, there is - equal rights, opportunities, and protection
peace and harmony. from law
 Work  Respect for law and Government’s rule of law
- We value work and give respect to the - recognizing and upholding the laws of
workers like nurses. land even when someone isn’t looking
 Concern for the family and future generations  Patriotism
- The Filipino culture is embedded in our - love your country and be proud of it
value for our family. As a citizen of this  Common Good
- aim for the good of the public

Unit 6 – Voter Citizenship Education
The Right to Suffrage
 the human right to vote
 In PH, it is indicated in three documents:
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights
- The 1987 Philippine Constitution
 These documents call for three things:
- Universal of the right
- Equality in access to public service
When do we exercise the Rise to Suffrage?
 during elections
 Citizen-voters are entitled free and informed
choice on whom to vote
 you choice and decisions will determine the
kind of government that will serve the country
 exercising your right to suffrage should be
expressed in a clean, orderly and honest
elections
Philippine Voters Qualifications
 citizens of the Philippines
 18 years old and above on the day of elections
 a resident of the PH for 1 year and in the
city/municipality wherein he proposes to vote
for at least 6 months before the election
 not disqualified by law
Overseas Absentee Voting
 filipino citizens abroad
 18 years old and above on the day of elections
 immigrants
 permanent residents with affidavit of intent to
resume residence in the PH
Who are disqualified to vote in the elections?
 person sentenced to be imprisoned for 1 year
and above
 person found to have committed rebellion,
sedition, violation of the anti-subversion and
firearms law, any crime against national
security or involving disloyalty to the
government
 insane or incompetent
Overseas Absentee Voting Disqualifications
 lost Philippine Citizenship
 have renounced their Philippine citizenship
and pledged allegiance to another country
 found guilty of disloyalty (Act 137 of Revised
Penal Code)
 immigrants or permanent residents without
affidavit of intent to resume residence in PH
How do Filipino Voters Vote?
 Public Servant Image
 Political Machinery
 Popularity
 Endorsement of network and organizations
Action Points for Citizen-Voters
Before Election
 Register
 be informed of the issues, platform and
personalities of the political candidates
 set specific guidelines in choosing government
leaders (candidate’s social affiliations and
interests, competence, lifestyle, performance
records)
 participate in public debate to inform citizens
and gain commitment of the candidates to
integrate, the interest and welfare of the
citizens
During Election
 vote according to conscience
 protect the integrity of your own vote from
any undue influence
 volunteer in organizations that work for clean
and peaceful elections
 watch out for instances of cheating
Post-Elections
 be vigilant in the counting and canvassing of
votes
 attend consultations and public hearings
 legislative advocacy process where citizens
talk with the lawmakers to ensure that the
concerns and welfare of the general public are
included in the making of laws
 engage in making views known to be elected
representatives; support political party;
 support initiatives of NGOs for honest and
peaceful elections; run for office
A good government is one engages participation and
is responsive to the needs of the people.
Good leaders are those who uphold accountability to
the people and promote transparent and people-
oriented programs.
Good citizen voters are those who value their right to
suffrage as to keep themselves informed, involved,
and vigilant.