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MHF4U Unit 4 Lesson 0

Skills  You  Need  to  Know  


 
Factoring  Polynomial  Expressions    
 
•   Common  Factoring  
•   Factoring  Trinomials  a  =1  
•   Factoring  Trinomials  𝑎 ≠ 1  
•   Factoring  a  difference  of  squares  
 
 
Simplifying  Rational  Expressions  

A  rational  expression  is  an  algebraic  expression  that  can  be  written  as  the  quotient  of  two  
polynomials.  A  rational  expression  is  undefined  if  the  denominator  is  zero,  so  we  write  
restrictions  on  the  variables  to  avoid  this.    

Simplifying  Rational  Expressions    

A  rational  expression  can  be  simplified  by  factoring  the  numerator  and  the  denominator,  and  
then  dividing  out  the  common  factors  

𝟐𝟏𝒎𝟑 𝒏𝟐
Example  1           𝟔𝒎𝒏𝟒
   

Example  2  

𝑥, − 1
 
𝑥 , + 4𝑥 + 3

 
1234
Example  3                                                  5342  

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MHF4U Unit 4 Lesson 0
Multiplying  and  Dividing  Rational  Expressions    

To  multiply  or  divide  rational  expressions,  factor  the  numerators  and  the  denominators  (where  
possible),  and  then  look  for  common  factors  that  can  be  divided  out.    

𝒙𝟐 3𝟗 𝟒𝒙:𝟐𝟎
Example  4     𝟐𝒙3𝟔
   𝐱   𝒙𝟐 :𝟔𝒙:𝟗  

𝟒𝒙𝟐 3𝟒𝒙:𝟏 𝟐𝒙𝟐 :𝟗𝒙3𝟓


Example  5     𝒙:𝟑
    ÷ 𝒙:𝟓
 

Adding  and  Subtracting  Rational  Expressions    

To  add  or  subtract  rational  expressions,  you  must  have  a  common  denominator.  
To  ensure  that  you  will  use  the  lowest  common  denominator,  factor  the  numerators  and  the  
denominators  first.  This  will  keep  the  expressions  as  simple  as  possible.    

𝟑𝒙:𝟔 𝒙  𝟐3𝟖𝒙:𝟏𝟓
Example  6      𝒙𝟐 3𝟒 − 𝟕𝒙3𝟐𝟏
 

 
 
 

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