11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

BASIC CALCULUS
Quarter 4 – Module 5
The Definite Integral of a Function
using Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module5_v2
Mathematics – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 5: Computing the definite Integral of a function using
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Joefre D. Narciso
Editors: Ronald G. Tolentino & Gil S. Dael
Reviewer: Littie Beth S. Bernadez
Layout Artist: Radhiya A. Ababon
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Elisa L. Baguio, EdD
Joelyza M. Arcilla, EdD, CESE Rosela R. Abiera
Marcelo K. Palispis, JD, EdD Maricel S. Rasid
Nilita L. Ragay, EdD Elmar L. Cabrera

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph

NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module5_v2
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each
SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be
honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

i NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module5_v2
 I

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process
the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

The module is intended for you to compute the definite integral of a function using
Fundamental theorem of calculus

ACTIVITY 1: Using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (FTC), compute the following:

𝟑 𝟔
1. ∫𝟐 (𝒙𝟑 + 𝟓)𝒅𝒙 𝟐. ∫𝟐 (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙

1 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module5_v2
 Lesson 1 Compute the definite integral of a function
using Fundamental theorem of calculus
’s In

QUICK RECALL!
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Part 1
If f is a continuous on [a, b], then the function
𝑥
F(x) = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
has a derivative at every point in [a, b] and
𝑑𝐹 𝑑 𝑥
= 𝑑𝑥 ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 𝑓(𝑥 ).
𝑑𝑥

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Part 2

If f is continuous at every point of [a, b] and F is any derivative of f on [a, b], then
𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹 (𝑏) − 𝐹 (𝑎).
This part of the fundamental theorem is also called the Integral Evaluation Theorem.

’s New

In this module, we will be learning and solving definite integrals using fundamental
theorem. But before that, let us have first a short review on the rules for Definite Integrals.
there are 11 rules and these are:

𝑎
1. Zero rule: ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 0.
𝑎 𝑏
2. Reversing Limits of Integration Rule: ∫𝑏 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = − ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥.
𝑏 𝑏
3. Constant Multiple Rule: ∫𝑎 𝑘𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘 ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥.
𝑏 𝑏
3a. Special case: ∫𝑎 −𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = − ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥.
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
4. Sum Rule: ∫𝑎 [𝑓 (𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑎 𝑔(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 .
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
5. Difference Rule: ∫𝑎 [𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 − ∫𝑎 𝑔(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 .
𝑏 𝑏
6. Domination Rule: g(x) ≥ f(x) on [a, b] → ∫𝑎 𝑔(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 ≥ ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥.
𝑏
6a. Special Case: f(x) ≥ 0 on [a, b] → ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 ≥ 0.
𝑏
7. Max-Min Rule: min f . (b – a) ≤ ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 ≤ max 𝑓 . (𝑏 − 𝑎)

2 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module5_v2
 Lower bound Upper bound
𝑏 𝑐 𝑐
8. Interval Addition Rule: ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑏 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥.
𝑐 𝑐 𝑏
9. Interval Subtraction Rule: ∫𝑏 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 − ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥.

is It

Definite Integration
We define the definite integral of the function f(x) with respect to x from a to b as:

𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹𝑥 F(b) – F(a)

where F(x) is the anti-derivative of f(x). We call a and b the lower and upper limits of
integration respectively. The function being integrated, f(x), is called the integrand.

Remember! Integration constant are not written in definite integrals since they always cancel
in them:

𝑏 𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹(𝑥) |
𝑎

= [F(b) + C] – [ F(a) + C]
= F(b) + C - F(a) – C
𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = F(b) – F(a) → THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM (FTC), PART 2

3 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module5_v2
THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM (FTC), PART 2

The theorem states that to evaluate the definite integral of a continuous function f from
a to b, all we need to do is find an antiderivative F of f and calculate the number F(b) – F(a).

Example 1:
3
Evaluate ∫−1(𝑥 3 + 1)𝑑𝑥

Solution:
3 1 3
∫−1(𝑥 3 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = [4 𝑥 3+1 + 𝑥] |
−1
𝑥4 3
= [ 4 + 𝑥] |
−1
34 (−1)4
=[ + 3] − [ + (−1)]
4 4
81 1
= ( 4 + 3) − (4 − 1)
81 1
= +3− +1
4 4
= 24

Example 2:
6
Evaluate ∫2 (𝑡 2 + 1)𝑑𝑡

Solution:
6 1 6
∫2 (𝑡 2 + 1)𝑑𝑡 = [3 𝑡 2+1 + 𝑡] |
2
𝑡3 6
= [ 3 + 𝑡] |
2
(6)3 (2)3
=[ + 6] − [ + 2]
3 3
216 8
=( + 6) − ( + 2)
3 3
8
= 72 + 6 - 3 − 2
1
= 73 3

4 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module5_v2
 ’s More

Activity 2: Evaluate the following integral, if possible.

3 𝑥 2 −4 2 𝑑𝑥
a. ∫0 𝑑𝑥 b. ∫−1
𝑥−2 𝑥

Solutions:

a. The function f(x) = 𝑥 2 − 4 /x – 2 has a removable discontinuity on [0, 3], so f is integrable,

but FTC does not apply. We can, however, apply FTC through:
3 𝑥 2 −4 3 (𝑥+2)(𝑥−2)
∫0 𝑑𝑥 → ∫0 𝑑𝑥 cancel the same terms,
𝑥−2 𝑥−2

3 𝑥2 3
thus, ∫0 (𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥 = [ 2 + 2𝑥] |
0
32
= [ 2 + 2(3)] − [0]
9
= +6
2
= 10.5

b. The function f(x) = 1/x is discontinuous at 0 on [-1, 2], so FTC does not apply. The
discontinuity is unbounded, it is not removable, so it is not integrable by our current
understanding.

5 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module5_v2
 I Can Do

Activity 3
Fill in the blanks the information needed to make the solutions correct

3 𝑡4 3
1. ∫2 (𝑡 3 + 5) 𝑑𝑥 = [____ + 5𝑡] |
2

(3)4 24
=[ + _____] − [ 4 + 5(__)]
4
16
= ( 4 + 15) − ( 4 + 10)
= 4
+ 15 − 4 − 10
= 21.25

2 𝑥3 2 𝑥2
2. ∫1 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = [ − ]|
3 1 ____
23 13 12
=[ − ]− [ − ]
3 2 3 2
8 4 1 1
= (3 − 2) − (3 − 2)
8 4 1 1
=3− − +
2 3 2
7 3
=3− 2
= _______

Evaluate the following integral using FTC. Show your solutions in your notebook.
3 32 −6
1. ∫0 𝑥𝑑𝑥 6. ∫1 𝑥 5
2 1
2. ∫1 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 7. ∫0 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥
2 1
3. ∫−1 𝑥𝑑𝑥 8. ∫−1(𝑟 + 1)2 𝑑𝑟 Hint: square first
2 3
4. ∫−1(𝑥 2 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 9. ∫2 (𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
3 3 (𝑥 2 −1)
5. ∫0 (4 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 10. ∫−2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1

6 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module5_v2
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module5_v2 7
ACTIVITY 1 ASSESSMENT
1. 21.25 1. 9/2 6. 5/2
2. 73 1/3 2. 5/6 7. 2 1/3
3. 3/2 8. 8/3
ACTIVITY 3 4. 15/4 9. 6 1/4
1. 4, 5(3), 2, 81 5. 3 10. -5/2
5
2. 2, (2)2,
6
References

2021. 03 21. authors.library.caltech.edu.

2021. 03 21. web.auburn.edu.

1995. In Calculus: Graphical, Numerical, Algebraic, by George B. Thomas, Franklin Demana, Bert K
.Waits Ross L. Finey. Reading Massachusetts : Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

8 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module5_v2
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net