2.

0 MATERIAL HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT

During the storage and handling of steel and other metal stocks, many incidents, some
resulting in death and serious injury, continue to occur. In addition to the human tragedy
involved, they produce immense social and economic costs. It is in the interest of everyone
that they are reduced. Investigations into incidents also reveal that these injuries should have
been prevented. This is the reason why material handling and management are important such
as storage system, lifting equipment that suits with the weight of the product, and lifting
accessories that suitable (HSE, 2016).

2.1 Storage and storage system

2.1.1 Rollstop system
RollStop system consists of rails constructed from reinforced plastic. Rails and
blocks are thus indestructible and very elastic. The system of principle is
versatile, can be used with coils of any diameter, does not affect coils and does
not absorb any liquid. Plastic blocks, depending on the diameter of the coils,
may be positioned at various distances from each other. The mechanism flexes
slightly (dampens) when subject to loading and returns to its initial state as
soon as the coils are removed. This makes it possible to prevent coil damage
(HSE, 2016). Figure 2.1 shows the rollstop system are applied.

Figure 2.1 Rollstop system

2.1.2 Cradles (chairs)
Cradles (chairs) are individual coil supports and are usually made of from
wood or steel. To help the base level of a multi-level stack of coils, they are
often (rarely) put in rows. The cradle is banded to the coil's base occasionally.
For the purposes of lifting/handling, sufficient handling, equipment should be
connected to the coil itself. Forklift trucks may be used to lift coil-carrying
cradles if the cradles themselves are designed to be handled in this way (HSE,
2016). Figure 2.2 shows the wooden cradles.

Figure 2.2 Wooden cradles

2.1.5 Cantilever rack (TUKAR)
Cantilever rack are known as a storage system that designed to store long,
bulky materials of visually any length. As light steel frame are really need
proper handling and management, this cantilever rack are used to ensure
that there are no defect on steel frame. Unlike most other rack systems,
cantilever racks provide no vertical obstructions in the storage room (HSE,
2016). Figure 2.3 shows the cantilever rack used.

Figure 2.3 Cantilever rack

2.2 Lifting equipment
2.2.1 Overhead travelling cranes
Two wide types of overhead travelling cranes are available, twin-hoist
cranes and single-hoist cranes. They may be equipped with infra-red or
radio-controlled operating devices in order to allow operators to remain
further away from the load than when using a regular pendant. For long
and/or versatile items, twin hoist cranes are preferable. In particular, if there
is access to both ends of the stock, they will significantly reduce the need
for slingers to reach storage racks or climb and walk on stored objects
(HSE, 2016). Figure 2.4 shows the overhead cranes and figure 2.5 shows the
overhead cranes with c-hooks used for lifting the galvanised coil.

Figure 2.4 overhead crane

Figure 2.5 Overhead crane with c-hooks

2.2.2 Vehicle-mounted cranes
These are used to load or unload stock from and onto vehicles for distribution
(HSE, 2016). Figure 2.6 shows the vehicle-mounted cranes been used.

Figure 2.6 Vehicle-mounted crane

2.2.3 Jib-cranes
Swing jib cranes are usually suspended and used for different operations.
Including stock loading on vehicles or machinery (HSE, 2016). Figure 2.7
shows the jib-cranes are used at the factory.

Figure 2.7 Jib cranes

2.3 Lifting accessories for coil-handling accessories
2.3.1 C-hooks
A 'turning C-hook' which allows the vertical plane to be raised to coils that are
lying flat. When using turning hooks, there is a minimum and a maximum coil
width to be considered. To transform a coil from vertical to horizontal with a
turning c-hook, a 'turning shoe' is required (HSE, 2016). Figure 2.9 shows the
C-hooks accessories are used.

Figure 2.9 C-hooks

2.3.2 Telescopic coil lifters
These are advanced coil-handling machines that allow lifting operations to be
managed from a safe distance. They are double C-hooks that are driven and
used to lift larger coils. To allow coils to be rotated during the lift, universal
pivots are normally fitted (HSE, 2016). Figure 2.10 shows the telescopic coil
lifters are used.

Figure 2.10 Telescopic coil lifters

2.4 Industrial trucks
2.4.1 Forklift truck
Forklift trucks are typically used for stock raising and moving. The
counterbalanced truck is the most widely used in a number of sizes and styles.
Smaller electric trucks are better suited for indoor use and larger diesel trucks
are best suited for outdoor use (HSE, 2016). Figure 2.11 shows the forklift use
to carry the product out to the factory.

Figure 2.11 Forklift

CONCLUSION (TUKAR)

Industrialized Building System (IBS) is a term coined by the industry and government
of Malaysia to describe the adoption of construction industrialization and the use of
prefabrication of parts in construction. As building elements, IBS construction consists of
precast part systems, manufactured steel structures, revolutionary mould systems,
modular block systems, and prefabricated timber structures. Construction stakeholders
have begun to adopt IBS to achieve improved quality and efficiency of construction,
reduce workplace safety and health hazards, mitigate skilled worker problems and
reliance on manual foreign labour, and achieve the ultimate goal of reducing higher
construction costs.
The implementation of IBS allows the industry to undergo major structural
transformation. IBS alters the way people work in construction industry, both in terms of
process and in terms of the product. It is only through a detailed understanding of the
concepts underpinning production that the real benefits of IBS can be understood, while
also appreciating the limitations and pitfalls of a fragmented construction industry. It
could be flawed to conclude that market intelligence determines that the existing
approaches are sufficient. Enough industry players are calling for a major shift toward
IBS, indicating that consumer sentiments are rapidly shifting. Indeed, IBS provides the
industry with endless opportunities and one can no longer feel threatened. It has become
time to build an inclusive, collaborative business that can support the industry and the
nation as whole from one another.
Furthermore, the entry of specialist prefabrication sub-contractors could further
sustain competition in the public construction industry. To compete for IBS works
outsourced by contractors who do not have their own in-house plants to produce the
components, a cluster of specialist contractors, similar to those in the construction
services sector in particular, will enter the market. Instead, in this new field of play that
has been developed to spur our growth, one needs to begin strategizing and capitalising
on market positioning. In addition, it is important for Malaysia contractors to venture
overseas to tap into the global market.
HSE. (2014). Safety in storage and handling of steel and other metal stock. Retrieved
from:
http://www.nass.org.uk/NassEvents/Has3312/hsg246.pdf
HSE. (2016). Safety in storage and handling of steel and other metal stock. Retrieved
from:
https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/hsg246.htm