DOCUMENT NO.

1406-CDB-RA
SEQUOIA ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT PVT. LTD. PROJECT NO. 1406
CONFIDENTIAL www.sequoiaenergy.in EMERALD
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CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS PAGE -1-

STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS FOR COOLANT RECYCLING PLANT

1. SCOPE
This Specification covers the requirement for:
1) The Design and Detailing of Steel Structures

2. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
2.1 All design calculations shall be carried out in the FPS System.
2.2 All levels and co-ordinates quoted on drawings shall be in meters (m)/feet (ft).
2.3 All dimensions stated on Drawings shall be in millimeters (mm)/feet (ft).

3. DATUM AND SITE LEVELS

Datum Level EL+0.00 correspond to EL+100.00M which is underside of the base plate
elevation for Coolant Recycling Plant Structural Column.

All Plant levels shall be given in EL with respect to the above mentioned datum level as
reference.

4. STANDARDS AND CODES

4.1 Design shall be in accordance with of the Standards and Codes of Practice including
the amendments as described below :
4.1.1 Loading
ASCE 7.10 Minimum Design Loads For Buildings And Other Structures

1.4.2 Steel

AISC 360 Specification For Structural Steel Buildings

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AISC 341 Seismic Provisions For Structural Steel Buildings (if

applicable)

5. ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
5.1 Site and Climatic Data
The following data represents the best that is currently available.
5.1.1 Ambient Temperature (°C)

Minimum Design Temperature 0oC

5.2 Maximum Design Temperature 43oC Wind Data

Average Design
Basic Wind Temperature 85
Velocity at MPH
25oC
the time of erection
5.3 Earthquake Data
Ss = 0.172g
S1 = 0.0683g

6. SITE CONDITIONS
6.1 Plant Location
The site is located at Tacoma , Washington , United States of America.
ZIP Code : 28594

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Latitude & Longitude : 340 40’1”N 770 0’49”W

6.2 Geotechnical Data

In absence of Geotechnical Data site class is assumed as per Clause number 11.4.2 of
ASCE 7-10.
Site Classification = D

7. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
7.1 Structural Steelwork Sections
All Indian sections and angles shall conform to IS 808.
7.2 Structural Steelwork Grades
Indian sections Structural Steel Angles and Plates shall be of designation E250E (Fe
410 WC) conforming to IS 2062 up to 40mm thick. For plates greater than 40 thick,
steel shall be grade E250C (Fe 410WC). Yield stress shall be as per the following:
Below 20 mm thick 250 N/mm2
20 mm to 40mm thick 240 N/mm2
Above 40 mm thick 230 N/mm2
All Tubular Sections shall be of Steel Grade YST 310 conforming to IS 4923.

7.3 Structural Work

 30 thk ms gratings shall be used for floorings.
7.4 Bolts

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Bolted structural connections shall be designed using bolts complying with IS: 1363 &
IS: 1367 Property Class 4.6/8.8 as required.

8. DESIGN LOADING CRITERIA

8.1 Scope
This section specifies the minimum wind, seismic, dead and imposed loads to be used
in the design of all structures.
8.2 Wind Loading
8.2.1 Scope
This section specifies the method of assessing the loading due to wind, to be
used in the design of structures.
8.2.2 Wind Code
Wind loading shall be calculated in accordance with ASCE 7.10.

8.2.3 Major Equipment

Wind load on Vessels or other large equipment supported on a structure shall
be calculated separately and be additive in computing the total wind load only
when projecting outside the structural envelope.

8.2.4 Wind Induced Deflections

The horizontal displacement of members due to wind loading shall not exceed
the following:
Main vertical members of any structure unless noted
H/200
below
Where H is height above grade to point considered
Note: For deflections of members under gravity loading see Section 11.1.
8.2.5 Wind Force Coefficients

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The following wind force coefficients shall be considered as per ASCE 7.10.
Exposure Category D
Directionality Factor, Kd 0.85
Topography Factor, Kzt 1.0
Gust Factor, G 0.85
Importance Factor, I (for 1.0
Risk Category II

8.3 Seismic Loading

8.3.1 General
Earthquake forces shall not be considered to act at the same time as wind

forces. The applicable loading condition due to earthquake or wind forces

shall be used to give the most stringent design conditions.

Earthquake loading shall be applied to each principal axis of the structure or

the building. The loading shall be considered as acting in only one plane at a
time.

8.3.2 Codes
Seismic load shall be calculated in accordance with ASCE 7.10.
Ss = 0.172g

S1 = 0.0683g

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Site Classification – D
Risk Category – II

Importance Factor, I = 1.0 (Table 1.5-2)

Hence,
Fa = 1.6 as per Table 11.4-1
Fv = 2.4 as per Table 11.4-2

SMS = Fa x Ss = 1.6 x 0.172g = 0.2752g

SM1 = Fv x S1 = 2.4 x 0.0683 = 0.1639g
SDS = 2/3 x SMS= 2/3 x 0.2752g = 0.1835g
SD1 = 2/3 x SM1= 2/3 x 0.1639 = 0.109g

Seismic Design Category Based On SDS

As per Table 11.6-1,
For Risk Category II and SDS = 0.1835,
Seismic Design Category = B

Seismic Design Category Based On SDS

As per Table 11.6-2,
For Risk Category II and SD1 = 0.109,
Seismic Design Category = B

Hence, SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY = B

The Structure is braced in both directions up to first level. Above first level
structure is braced in one direction and moment connection frame in other
direction . Hence this Non – Building Structure is considered as Steel ordinary
Concentrically braced frame system with height less than 35 ft as per Table 15.4-1
of ASCE-7.10.

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Hence Response Modification Factor, R = 3.25, however, conservatively used in

analysis, R = 3.00

8.4 Dead Laods

Load of grating on the structure, in addition to the self weight of the structure shall be
considered as dead load. The self weight of the grating shall be taken as 0.50
kN/sq.m. The maximum span of grating shall be limited to 1.50m.

8.5 Live Loads

The live load on the grated area shall be applied at 1.50 kN/sq.m.

8.6 Equipment Loads (Empty, Operating & Hydro-test)

Weights of equipments in empty, operating and hydro-test conditions shall be applied
separately. The weights shall be as given on the vessel/equipment drawings or as per
the vessel / equipment loading data sheet.

8.7 Piping Loads (Operating)

Weights of piping are already included in the Equipment loads .Hence piping Loads
are not applied separately.

8.8 Snow Loads – not applicable .

8.9 Ice Loads – not applicable

9. Load Combinations

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Load combinations as specified in ASCE 7.10 shall be used.

10. DESIGN PROCEDURES

This section deals with the way in which the design shall be carried out.

10.1 Codes of Practice

Designs shall comply with the appropriate code of practice, or design guides as listed
in Clause 4.

10.2 Structural Analysis

Generally, elastic analysis of braced frames, rigid-jointed frames and continuous
beams shall be carried out using approved computer software STAAD Pro V8i.

10.3 Method of design

STEEL : Allowable stress design (ASD) or Load & Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD) in accordance with AISC 360.

11. DESIGN CRITERIA

This section specifies the design criteria to be used in the design of all structural works.
11.1 Structural Deflection
For buildings, process structures and pipe racks the limiting deflection of members
shall NOT exceed the values as given below:
Limiting vertical deflection shall be as follows -
For all beam members L/300
(In normal operation case only – not hydraulic test)

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For Monorail Beams L/400

Cantilever Beams L/180
Limiting horizontal deflection shall be as follows -
Open Process Structures Height/200
Where L, is length of beam, or length between supports for multi-span beams

12. STRUCTURES
12.1 Materials
12.1.1 Flooring
30mm thick steel grating flooring (galvanized) shall be used for all external
plant access platforms.
12.1.2 Hand railing
The handrail shall be fabricated and erected by the client.

12.1.3 Minimum Material Thickness

The minimum thickness of any piece of steel, including webs and flanges of
structural members, structural fittings, and floor plate should be 6mm.
Special exceptions to this rule are:
Grating flooring main bars may be 5mm thick and transverse bars may be
6mm diameter bar or equivalent.
Tubular Sections to have minimum thickness of 4.5 mm.

12.2 Access
12.2.1 Ladders
Ladders where required shall be fabricated and erected by the client as per
local rules and regulations.

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12.2.2 Details
For open steel structure, compound members shall be arranged in such
manners that all unsealed surfaces are accessible for painting.
The minimum thickness of gusset plates and stiffeners shall be 8 mm.
Drain holes shall be provided to all water traps on both external and enclosed
structures.

12.2.3 Connections
Connections to be welded / Bolted.
Bolted connections shall be Bolts of Grade 4.6 (or Grade 8.8 where required)
for bolt 16mm Dia. and above.
All structural connections shall have a minimum of 2 numbers M16 bolts.
The feasibility, location of splices for major structures and constructability of
all structures and connections shall be checked at design stage and if
necessary member sizes increased to facilitate connection design.

12.2.4 Lifting Beams

All lifting beams shall be clearly marked with their safe working load. The
maximum deflection shall be 1/400 of span under the safe working load.

13. PAINTING SYSTEM:

Surface preparation and painting on structural steel shall be as follows:
All structural steel surfaces shall be prepared with grit blasting to receive primer.
Primer: Zinc Silicate Primer DFT = 90 to 100 Micron OR Galvanizing the Structure
HOLD

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