Areal Density of Fabric

Problem-1: 

If the mass of 100 cm2 fabric is 3 gm then calculate the GSM and oz/yd 2 of that fabric.

Solution:

GSM= 100*3= 300

oz/yd2 = 300/33.68= 8.90

Crimp%
Problem-1: 
A cotton cloth is analysed, and from a tested strip of 20cm, the mean warp length is 21.2cm.
Determine both the crimp percentage. 

Solution: 

Crimp Percentage: 
(21.2 – 20.0) / 20 = 6.0% 

Problem-2: 
Calculate the length of warp required to weave 160m of cloth if the warp crimp is 12% 

Solution: 

S= cloth length = 160m 

Crimp = S = 0.12 and therefore warp length will be: 

the length of warp required to weave, L= (1+0.12)*160 = 179.2m 

Problem-3: 
What length of cloth can be woven from 800m of warp if the warp crimp is 8% 

Solution: 

Warp Length(straight yarn length), L =800m , find cloth length, S 

S=L/(1+c) = 800/(1.08) 

=740.8m 
A Practical Solution of Fabric GSM Calculation

GSM:
GSM means the weight of fabric per square meter. GSM is regarded as most influential
properties for knitter goods. GSM is determined by using a simple type of machine called GSM
cutter.
          Course per inch x stitch length x 39.37 x 39.37
GSM = ------------------------------------------------------------------- (For knit fabric)
                                  1000 x 1000

Another alternative theory,

            WPI x CPI x SL (mm)

GSM = ------------------------------ (For knit fabric)
                 Count (Ne)

GSM = -------------------------- + ---------------------------- x 23.5

           Warp count x 1.1        Weft count x 1.04

Mathematical Example:
Find out GSM from given datas. A fabric with 18 wales per inch and 21 courses per inch and
stitch length 0.34cm with count 20 (Ne). (For Knit Fabric)

Then respective,

            WPI x CPI x SL (mm)

GSM = --------------------------------
                 Count (Ne)

   18 x 21 x (0.34x10)
= ----------------------------
             20

= 64.26 (ANS)
WPI: 
WPI means Wales per inch that means number of wales adjusted to each inch of fabric. For determining
this at first we need to measure wales number for 10 inch. After this will divided it by 10. Because
determining wales for one inch is so top.

CPI: 
Course per inch, with the help of counting glass and needle we will measure the number of course in
fabric for 5 inch. then divided it by 5.

SL (Stitch Length): 
Stitch length is called the distance between two adjacent needle lope. Fabric’s weight and dimension of
any fabric is highly dependent for it’s stitch length.

Count: 
At first yarn needs to be untwisted. Then length and weight of those untwisted yarn should be detected
with those datas we can determine actual count of the yarn.

                                  N x L x 453.6
English count (Ne) = ----------------------
                                  wt x 36 x 840

Where,

N = Yarn number
L = yarn length
wt = yarn’s weight
But there we have one more theoretical equation for count

                  Ks x Tex
GSM = ----------------------------
             Stitch length (mm)

Ks is a constant for respectable fabrics

Count theory for woven yarn/ Calculation of GSM (For woven

fabric)
                    EPI                             PPI

Woven Fabric GSM Calculation Method:

During calculating woven fabric GSM from fabric construction, we have needed the following formula.

GSM (Gram per square meter),

Math Example:
Suppose,
A woven fabric construction is like that-
Now, calculate the fabric GSM.

Solution:

From the given fabric construction we can see that,

 Warp count- 50
 Weft count- 40
 EPI (Ends per inch) – 130
 PPI (Picks per inch) – 60
 Warp crimp factor- 1.2
 Weft crimp factor- 1.0

Now, by applying all the data in the required formula, we can easily find out the above woven fabric
GSM.

GSM (Gram per square meter)=

= (3.12 + 1.5) × 23.5

= 108.57