Tanta Faculty of Medicine

Pharmacology Department

Pneumonia
 Treatment Overview
Bacterial pneumonia
Doctors use antibiotics to treat pneumonia caused by bacteria, the most
common cause of the condition. Antibiotics have a high cure rate for
pneumonia.
Your doctor will choose your antibiotic based on a number of things,
including your age, your symptoms and how severe they are, and
whether you need to go to the hospital. The number of days you take
antibiotics depends on your general health, how serious your
pneumonia is, and the type of antibiotic you are taking.
Most people see some improvement in symptoms in 2 to 3 days. Unless
you get worse during this time, your doctor usually will not change your
treatment for at least 3 days.
Getting started on antibiotics soon after getting pneumonia may help
recovery.
If there is no improvement or if your symptoms get worse, you may need
a culture and a sensitivity test. These tests help identify the organism
that is causing your symptoms. These tests also help your doctor find
out whether the bacteria is resistant to the antibiotic.
If you do not need to go to the hospital for pneumonia, it is not usually
necessary to identify the organism causing the pneumonia before
starting treatment. If you do go to the hospital, you will probably have
some testing to identify the bacteria.

You likely will not have to go to the hospital unless you:

Are older than 65.

Have other health problems, such as COPD, heart

failure, asthma, diabetes, long-term (chronic) kidney failure, or
chronic liver disease.

Cannot care for yourself or would not be able to tell anyone if your
symptoms got worse.

Have severe illness that reduces the amount of oxygen getting to your
tissues.
 Have chest pain caused by inflammation of the lining of
the lung (pleurisy) so you are not able to cough up mucus effectively
and clear your lungs.

Are being treated outside a hospital and are not getting better (such as
your shortness of breath not improving).

Are not able to eat or keep food down, so you need to take fluids
through a vein (intravenous).

Viral pneumonia
Pneumonia also can be caused by viruses, such as those that cause
the flu and chickenpox (varicella). Antibiotics do not work to treat
pneumonia caused by a virus.

People who are more likely to get pneumonia after having the flu (for
example,pregnant women) may get an antiviral medicine such
as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza) to help relieve
symptoms.

Varicella pneumonia, which is rare, also can be treated with antiviral

medicine.

What to think about

In most cases pneumonia is a short-term, treatable illness. But frequent
bouts of pneumonia can be a serious complication of a long-term
(chronic) illness, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD). If you have a severe long-term illness, it may be hard to treat
your pneumonia, or you may choose not to treat it. You and your doctor
should discuss this. This discussion may include information about how
to create an advance directive.

Pneumonia - Home Treatment

Home treatment is important for recovery from pneumonia. The
following measures can help you recover and avoid complications:

 Get plenty of rest. Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.

 Take care of your cough if it is making it hard for you to rest. A
cough is one way your body gets rid of the infection. And you should
not try to stop your coughing unless it is severe enough to make
breathing difficult, cause vomiting, or prevent rest.
 Consider taking acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) or aspirin to
help reduce fever and make you feel more comfortable. Do not give
aspirin to anyone younger than 20 because of the risk of Reye
syndrome. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on
the label.

Your doctor may want to see you after a week of treatment to make sure
you are getting better. Be sure to contact your doctor if you do not feel
better, your cough gets worse, you have shortness of breath or a fever,
you feel weak, or you feel faint when you stand up.

Cough and cold medicines

Be careful with cough and cold medicines. They may not be safe for
young children or for people who have certain health problems, so
check the label first. If you do use these medicines, always follow the
directions about how much to use based on age and weight.
Always check to see if any over-the-counter cough or cold medicines
you are taking contain acetaminophen. If they do, make sure the
acetaminophen you are taking in your cold medicine plus any other
acetaminophen you may be taking is not higher than the daily
recommended dose. Ask your doctor or pharmacist how much you can
take every day.
 Pneumonia – Prevention
There are a number of steps you can take to help prevent getting
pneumonia.

Stop smoking. You're more likely to get pneumonia if you smoke.

Avoid people who have infections that sometimes lead to pneumonia.

Stay away from people who have colds, the flu, or

other respiratory tract infections.

If you haven't had measles or chickenpox or if you didn't

get vaccines against these diseases, avoid people who have
them.
Wash your hands often. This helps prevent the spread of viruses and
bacteria that may cause pneumonia.

Vaccinations

Children get the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) as a routine

vaccination. Older adults (age 65 or older), people who smoke, and
people who have some long-term (chronic) conditions also need the
pneumococcal vaccine. Depending on age and other things, adults can
get PCV or the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV). Some
adults need both types.
The pneumococcal vaccine may not prevent pneumonia. But it can
prevent some of the serious complications of pneumonia, such as
infection in the bloodstream (bacteremia) or throughout the body
(septicemia), in younger adults and those older than age 55 who have a
healthy immune system.6, 7
Other vaccines can prevent common diseases that sometimes lead to
pneumonia, such as:

Measles. Vaccination of children for measles can prevent most cases of

measles. Adults may need to be vaccinated against measles if they have
not had the disease or were not vaccinated during childhood.

Flu. A yearly flu vaccine may keep you from getting the flu. The flu often
can lead to pneumonia, especially in older adults or in people who have
other long-term (chronic) diseases. You can get the flu vaccine at the
same time as the pneumococcal vaccine.

Chickenpox. The chickenpox shot (varicella-zoster vaccine) can prevent

most cases of pneumonia caused by the virus that causes chickenpox.
Consider getting a shot if you are older than 13 and have not had
chickenpox.

Made By:
‫ – خالد صبحى رزق‬197 ‫ – جورج حبيب يونان‬184
‫ – خالد محمد نوير‬198 ‫ جون زكى فايز‬- 185
‫ – خالد محمد محمد‬199 ‫ – حازم ابراهيم جامع‬186
‫ – داليا احمد الجندى‬201 ‫ – حازم محمد عويس‬187
‫ – دعاء سعيد الشنشورى‬202 ‫ – حبيبه إيهاب زكى‬188
 ‫‪ – 203‬دعاء عزت البربرى‬
‫‪ - 204‬دعاء عصام أبو عجيله‬
‫‪ – 205‬دعاء عمران يونس‬
‫‪ – 206‬دعاء متولى جاد هللا‬
‫‪ - 207‬دعاء محمد الششتاوى‬
‫‪ – 208‬دعاء هشام عطيه‬
‫‪ – 209‬دنيا على راغب‬
‫‪ – 210‬دينا إبراهيم مبروك‬
‫‪: Under The Supervision Of‬‬
‫أ‪.‬د‪ /‬محمد نبيه عبد الرحمن‬
‫‪ – 189‬حسام الدين حسن عراقيب‬
‫‪ – 190‬حسام الدين عبد الستار‬
‫‪ – 191‬حسام صبحى عامر‬
‫‪ – 192‬حنان السيد رسالن‬
‫‪ – 193‬حنان حسن شرشر‬
‫‪ – 194‬حنان خالد حجاب‬
‫‪ – 195‬حنان محمود جبر‬
‫‪ – 196‬خالد حماده خليفه‬