EFFECTIVENESS OF CURFEW TO THE LIFE OF THE STUDENTS

A Research
Presented to the class of
Mr. Reynante Lacaden Galapon

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements in
Inquiries, Investigations, & Immersion

Cruz, Lourdes Loren C.

Gutierrez, Ma. Jocia M.
Soriano, Joana Marie F.

January 2018
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Curfew has been implemented in the different places in the world since it was first

applied. According to the Black’s Law Dictionary Seventh Edition, curfew is a law or

commonly an ordinance which imposes on people particularly children the obligation to

remove themselves from streets on or before a certain period of time. It is used primarily

to ensure safety especially when civil unrest occurred and commonly implemented to

protect minors from dangers that might happen in nighttime. Root (2015) said that the

United States of America is one of the countries who impose curfew. In the Philippines,

it was implemented before and currently, some places have ordinances concerning it.

Curfews are important to keep minors off the street and reduce loitering and

crime. Many cities and states enforce these laws as a way to prevent illegal activities.

During curfew, minors must be indoors or accompanied by an adult or legal guardian.

Mandated curfews can deter young people from being on the streets after certain hours.

These curfews are usually 10 p.m. during the weekdays and 12 a.m. on the weekends.

Some cities enact daytime curfews for those under the age of 18 and in some cases,

impose fines. When teenagers have freedom to ‘hang out” they are more likely to get

into trouble.   They are a proactive way to combat youth violence and a deterrent to

future crimes.

2
 Imposing curfew can affect involved people in different perspectives. Lombardo

(2016) believed that curfew is an issue that has been discussed by different groups and

still remains a contentious topic for it has its own benefits and setbacks. On the positive

side, it can be used to minimize and address movements particularly crimes and

protests or to heighten the level of safety, security and the well-being of the people

abiding it. It also comes with the values of responsibility, time management and others

related qualities. Martinez (2017) also stated that it can also bring peace of mind to

those parents who are concerned in the state and well-being of their children especially

at night. It assists in providing a method of controlling juveniles when adult supervision

is lacking. It also holds parents accountable and keeps kids in school. It can have

favorable impact on school attendance. One of a parent’s responsibilities is instilling in

their children to abide by the laws of society.

However, there are people who think otherwise. Tucker (2016) argued that this

suppresses the freedom of individuals and caging them up is only going to make them

made. Some believe that there should be no curfew for teenagers as freedom is a good

thing. Teenagers need freedom in their lives, as this will provide experience to them for

their lives in the future. Teenagers will also be tempted to do things before they have to

go home. This also often results to children becoming rebellious to their parents

because they feel suffocated and restricted, they are incapable of doing their activities

outside at night since the curfew set impedes persistently. Others also claim that

imposing it does not entirely ensure that people who are under it will be safe since there

are also crimes that might happen within the vicinity of their home. Different views

3
continue to arise until this generation. People continue to argue if curfew’s beneficial

side is enough to satisfy its setbacks.

With places administering curfew focusing on minors, students can be widely

affected by it. Their education is not an exception to the possible effects that curfew

brings in daily basis. This study aims to find out how curfew can affect the students in

different angles and possibilities. It attempts to seek their views and stands regarding it.

It also tries to explore the power and limitation of curfew. It strives to find an answer

towards the possible relationship of curfew to the students and explore the different

factors and variables related to this subject matter.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to assess the effectiveness of curfew to the life of students.

Specifically, it intends to answer the following questions.

1. What is the level of effectiveness of curfew to the students?

2. What are the students’ views concerning curfew?

3. What are the positive and negative effects of curfew to the students?

4. What are the proper rules and regulations in implementing curfew?

5. What are the exceptions and limitations of curfew?

The objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of curfew and how it

affects the daily activities of students.

Scope and Delimitation

The study is focused only to the effectiveness, views, effects, rules, regulations,

and limitations of curfews to the students. It will mainly identify and assess the different

4
benefits, drawbacks, stands, and scope of curfew primarily to the pupils. It is further

measured and validated based on the respondents’ responses on the interviews,

observations, and related documentaries that the researcher had gathered within the

time frame.

The respondents of this study is only limited to the University of La Salette Senior

High School students S.Y. 2017-2018. The researcher would gather the needed data

through employing interviews and giving questionnaires.

For the questionnaires, only 304 students were used as respondents. Each of the

respondents was given the same questionnaire which is composed of 10 questions

excluding inquiries that aims to elicit basic information such as name, gender, age and

status. They were all selected randomly from the different strands namely Science,

Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Accountancy, Business and

Management (ABM), Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), and General

Academic Strand (GAS). The research instruments were only administered once within

the time allocated. In addition, the researchers will also conduct an interview regarding

about curfew, with this in mind, there would be 10 chosen respondents to share their

views. This is to magnify and develop an in-depth understanding towards the subject

matter. So in general, there would be 314 respondents.

In order for the researchers to accumulate and elicit response, they employed

online communication applications. Online is defined by the Cambridge Dictionary as

the condition of being connected to a network of computers or other devices. The term

is frequently used to describe someone who is currently connected to the internet. The

survey questionnaire is made possible through the use of google form. According to
5
Google, an individual can create a form from google drive or from an existing

spreadsheet that can record the responses. The Facebook Messenger would also help

the researchers to relay the URL of the survey form. According to TechTarget, it is a

mobile app that enables chat, voice and video communications between the social

media site's web-based messaging and smartphones.

For the interview, only 10 students would serve as a respondent. A structured

interview that compost five questions would be employ to the respondents.

Curfew is implemented all over the country. However, the study is only limited to

certain subjects and parameters. Also, there are other factors that can impact the study

such demography variables. But not all of them might be taken into consideration.

Significance of the Study

The contents of this study may benefit various groups of people. This would

provide then knowledge towards the terminologies, effects, and limitations about the

subject matter, curfew which is widely implemented in the country. It can assist and

guide everyone who is involved with the topic by proposing set of ideas, perspectives,

and proposals that the researchers had analyzed and gathered within the time frame of

the study.

The study focuses primarily in the relation of the students to curfew. Hence, this

can help students particularly in improving their studies. This can aid in supporting their

crime and danger protection during nighttime especially when they are staying late to

finish their school requirements. It can raise their awareness in their responsibility

towards time management and obedience to the law being enforced especially curfew.
6
But it does not only mean that only the students will benefit from it. The youth or the

minors, may it be students or not, who are the primary subject of curfew can also get

ideas and information in the study. The Associated Press (2011), stated that imposing

curfews can help to solve youth crime which is a major problem. Also, Welsh (2010)

asserted that curfew can help the minor to stay out of trouble, manage time better, avoid

sleep deprivation, and have more focus in school. Since the youth are the ones who are

primary affected, it is important that they are fully aware of the circumstances under this

ordinance in order to boosts the positive effects mentioned earlier and lessen the

negative things that it might deliver.

Aside from what is stated, it will also benefit the parents and even the guardians.

Curfews can lead to good opportunities such as spending more time with their families

(BBC News, 2009). Hence, maximizing this advantage can help every sons and

daughters to establish good relationships with their parents. Also, since it is

responsibility of the family to take charge of their children, this can assist them in

ensuring the safety of their children especially in nighttime. It can aid them in being

more responsible in handling and disciplining the latter while participating in the

implementation of the rules and regulations concerning curfew.

This study can also help the officials to easily enforce and monitor the curfew rules

and regulations regarding curfew that can aid them in making their jobs more efficiently

and effectively. Weigel (2011) mentioned that curfew was found out to be effective at

reducing juvenile arrests. Also, it is used as a peace maintaining tool especially when

there are civil unrest all throughout the history. If it is implemented properly, it will result

to a growth in the level of safety of the citizens and communities.

7
 Lastly, this could be use by the future researchers as a basis or guide in pursuing a

research related to this. This could serve as one of their reference to the study that they

will conduct later on.

Definition of Terms

Awareness - concern about and well-informed interest in a particular situation or

development.

Crime - an action or omission that constitutes an offense that may be prosecuted by the

state and is punishable by law.

Curfew - a regulation requiring people to remain indoors between specified hours,

typically at night.

Education - the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a

school or university.

Effectiveness - the degree to which something is successful in producing a desired

result; success.

Freedom - the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance

Indoors - situated, conducted, or used within a building or under cover.

Juveniles - a person below the age at which ordinary criminal prosecution is possible

(18 in most countries).

Law - system of rules that a particular country or community recognizes as regulating

the actions of its members and may enforce by the imposition of penalties.

8
Minors - a person under the age of full legal responsibility.

Rebellious - showing a desire to resist authority, control, or convention.

Safety - the condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury.

Sleep Deprivation - Sleep deprivation is the condition of not having enough sleep; it

can be either chronic or acute.

Students - a person who is studying at a school or college.

9
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The review of related literature provides the different studies that were conducted

about curfew by the different researchers in foreign and local basis. The background

and the history of the subject matter is also explained. It also includes the different

perspectives and views presented by different people and institutions in different time

frames. Its positive and negative effects together with its limitation are also added to

give detailed information about the beliefs and ideologies regarding curfew.

Foreign

History of Curfew

The word curfew was coined back during the Middle Ages wherein houses in

European towns were often made of wood, and they were built very close together. As

Yvonne Vissings explains in an essay in the book Juvenile Crime and Justice, the first

curfews were imposed under England’s Alfred the Great, who ruled in the ninth century

(Rothman 2015). The word itself is from the French for “cover fires”; instituting a special

time of night at which fires had to be doused or covered. This could have served several

purposes: it lowered the risk of a spreading fire, it got townspeople who congregated

around public fires to go home, and it was a useful tactic in times of trouble. Rothman

(2015) stated that emergency curfews were used in the U.S. at least as early as the

Civil War and cities instituted permanent curfews for workers and slaves by the 1700s in

Europe and the U.S. Curfew was also used before as means of controlling civil unrest. It

can be imposed to maintain public order or suppressed targeted groups. Gambino

10
(2014) stated that the curfew remains a marker of serious unrest and used less

frequently since the civil rights protests of the 1960s. Curfews as an approach to

suppress crime became linked with age restrictions. By the middle of the 20th century,

many cities had permanent youth curfews (Rothman 2015). Correll (2015) believed that

teenage curfews have been a widely debated topic throughout history.

Benefits of Curfew

Curfew is means of protection not an intrusion. Having curfews could lessen the

chances of minors getting involved in juvenile violence and crime and increase the adult

supervision and guidance. Associated Press (2011), asserted that imposing curfews

can help to solve youth crime which is a major and growing problem, often involving

both drugs and violence. Since it keep young people off the street, it prevents them from

congregating in the trouble that might occur in the late hours. Curfews aid minors in

staying out of trouble because criminal activity or high-risk behavior is more likely to

occur later in the evening when parental supervision is not present. It is important to

maintain respect towards the rules even though it might seem unfair or unreasonable at

the time. One will eventually realize that these rules are weapon to combat juvenile

delinquency and not as invasion of rights and privileges.

These curfews are not only good for keeping minors out of harm but yield positive

results. Curfews can help to change a negative youth culture (BBC News, 2009). It

leads to good opportunities such as spending more time with their families and in more

positive activities, such as sports and youth clubs which developed greater self-esteem

and discipline. It develops values within such as instilling responsibility and awareness

among minors. Welsh (2010) said that it has many advantages that teenagers might not
11
realize; these advantages include staying out of trouble, managing time better, avoiding

sleep deprivation, and having more focus in school. It helps them to develop important

time management skills which they will carry out into adulthood. Setting curfews also

help them in getting an adequate sleep which leads to subsequent focus and

wakefulness in school that could ultimately even lead to better grades.

According to Weigel (2011), a study published in The American Law and

Economics Review by the University of California, Berkeley had analyzed the data from

the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Unified Criminal Reporting files from 1980 to 2004

for the 54 larger U.S. cities that enacted youth curfews between 1985 and 2002. It was

found out that though curfews appear to be effective at reducing juvenile arrests, it is

important to bear in mind that there is a little data on the costs of such programs, either

directly in terms of dollars spend enforcing such ordinances or indirectly in terms of the

opportunity costs of policing.

Local

Background of Curfew

Curfew had been implemented in the Philippines before and being continued in

some parts of the country today. It was then lifted by Former President Ferdinand

Marcos as his first step towards relaxing the restrictions imposed under martial law. In

order to create positive image in the public consciousness as well as in local and foreign

media that Marcos was serious in effecting changes, one of the things that he initiated

was setting of curfew to solve worsening incidence of criminality (Boncan et al., 2010).

On the heels of the standoff in Makati City between mutinous soldiers and government

troops, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo had also imposed a curfew in Metro Manila,
12
Central Luzon and Southern Tagalog. (GMA News, 2007). GMA News (2007) stated

that in recent years, quite a local government officials have declared curfews and on

quite limited occasions, in their respective constituent areas. An example for this was

the administering of a similar ordinance of Former Davao City Mayor Duterte in his

hometown (Ranada 2016).

Downfalls and Limitations of Curfew

Falcis as cited in De La Cruz (2016) believed that curfew for minors are illegal and

prohibited by law. Imposing curfew on them limits their freedom and movement since it

would violate certain fundamental human rights such as the right to liberty, the right to

travel, and the right to privacy. Republic Act. No. 9344 or the Juvenile Justice and

Welfare Act of 2006 prohibits the imposition of curfews or punishing minors for curfew

violations. Section 57 of the law states that “any conduct not considered an offense or

not penalized if committed by an adult shall not be considered an offense and shall not

be punished if committed by a child.” This is called a status offense. Espiritu as cited in

de Leon (2016) explained that under that law, one cannot punish children because of

their status as children or in other words, if an adult does not commit any crime when he

goes out late at night beyond 10 PM, then children should not be considered to have

committed a crime for the same offense. After Rodrigo Duterte was elected as

president, many cities in the country started implementing old ordinances that impose

curfews on minors. But this local laws that go against national laws are null and void for

being outside of the power and authority. Doing so would be legally called ultra vires, or

in excess of one’s authority (Falcis as cited in De La Cruz 2016).

13
Stands and Views Regarding Curfew

A group of students called Samahan ng Progresibong Kabataan (SPARK) opposed

the curfew ordinances that prohibit minors to go outside of their houses after a certain

time at night. The group said that the other curfew ordinances are unconstitutional

under the doctrine of void for vagueness because they result in arbitrary and

discriminatory enforcement; impair legitimate activities of minors during curfew hours;

and deprive minors of the right to liberty and the right to travel without substantive due

process as well as parents of their natural and primary right in the rearing of the youth

also without substantive due process (The Manila Times 2016).

Dado (2015) asserted that one valuable lesson that the curfew under Martial Law

taught her when she was teenager before was the ability to make productive use of time

and be punctual. Having curfew hones the ability of an individual to consume time in an

effective and orderly manner.

Imposing curfews could help in citing the need to restore public order and security

especially to the youth. President-elect Rodrigo Duterte vowed to push for a nationwide

curfew on minors to safeguard them from abuses, human trafficking and drug trafficking

and reduce child labor. Duterte as cited in Regalado (2016) said that the curfew is

meant to protect the children from dangers and not to harm them. Former president and

Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada strongly suggested that Duterte should push for a

nationwide curfew on minors a day after the Supreme Court stopped 3 Metro Manila

cities from enforcing their curfew ordinances (Rappler 2016).

The Freeman (2016) strongly believed that curfews are not a curtailment of the

ability and the right of the young to be out and have fun or whatever. What curfews do is
14
to keep minors home at a time of the day when it is no longer generally safe to be out.

Keeping the young at home during their formative years or years when they are most

vulnerable to outside influences and hostile environments, will go a long way in shaping

their appreciation of what is good in their own lives (The Freeman 2016). It should be

regarded as means to keep them safe while teaching them the principle of discipline

and time management that could later help them in facing life's greater hurdles.

15
 METHODOLOGY

Research Design
The research design used in this research study is called a mixed method

approach. It combines elements of qualitative viewpoints, data collection, analysis, and

inference techniques. By mixing the two, the researchers gain in breadth and depth of

understanding and corroboration, while offsetting the weaknesses inherent to using

each approach by itself. It discusses and documents a particular group of people

regarding a certain situation specifically, the senior high school students of the

University of La Salette towards curfew. It solely analyzes the effectiveness, views,

effects, proper rules and regulations, and limitations of curfew towards the respondents

to constructs themes and identifies variables and results. An in-depth investigation is

concentrated and done to the said participants and topic only. Other related information

that might emerge along the process might be included depending on the jurisdiction

and level of significance.

Population
The participants of the study are the senior high school students of the University

of La Salette Inc. High School Department. Since the aim of the study is to know the

effectiveness of curfew to the life of students, the researchers took into consideration

the type of participants. Hence, the research must be directed to the students. The age

of the participants ranged from 15 years old to 18 years old respectively. They were all

selected randomly from the different strands namely Science, Technology, Engineering

and Mathematics (STEM), Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM), Humanities

and Social Sciences (HUMSS), and General Academic Strand (GAS). For the
16
questionnaires, only 304 students were used as respondents. The research instruments

were only administered once within the time allocated. For the interview, only 10

students would serve as respondents. A structured interview that is composed of five

questions would be employed to the respondents. There are total of 314 respondents.

Sampling Procedure

For the dissemination of survey questionnaires, the study used the strategy of

stratified sampling, a basic sampling technique where the researchers select a group of

subjects (a sample) for study from a larger group (a population). Through stratified

sampling, the researchers are able to gather data from the over-all senior high school

population. Stratified sampling is a probability sampling technique wherein the

researcher divides the entire population into different subgroups or strata, then

randomly selects the final subjects proportionally from the different strata. The

respondents for the survey questionnaires are chosen through this approach. Through

the use of Slovin’s formula, it was computed that 304 students would serve as the

sample from the overall population which is 1270 students.

Meanwhile, since the research study also incorporated elements of qualitative

methods, the research study would also use the approach of interviews, with this in

mind, the researchers has chosen 10 respondents randomly to answer the structured

interview questions. To generalize the number of respondents chosen in this study, the

total number of the respondents that would be used in the survey questionnaires and

the total number of respondents that would be used in the interviews will be combined.

Therefore the overall respondents are 314 students.

17
Data Collection Procedure

The data collection procedure started from January 18, 2018 and ended on

January 23, 2018. The first strategy in gathering data is through deploying survey

questionnaires. The researchers roamed around the campus with the allocated time

given and dispatched survey questionnaires towards different classrooms that would

partake in the research study. The structured interviews are conducted afterwards. The

researchers collected the data from the respondents through utilizing survey

questionnaires and Google Forms subsequently. After disseminating the survey

questionnaires to every section, the researchers would then retrieve the questionnaires

and input the data gathered using Google Forms. The researchers chose this strategy

in order to analyze and tabulate information in a timely manner, moreover, using google

forms would allow the researchers to monitor information submitted. One disclaimer

would be: google form is only a tool used by the researchers to record data from the

disseminated survey questionnaires.

The respondents for interviews are selected by picking randomly in every strand.

They are interviewed during break time in the morning and afternoon. The last

technique which is documentary analysis is conducted all throughout the study. The

information gathered from the different material references are combined with the data

in the observation and interviews. The data are recorded through digital and traditional

methods. The instruments that are used are pen and paper and cellphone for voice

recording if the respondents allow the researcher to do so. The field notes or the

detailed notes of the researcher are both descriptive and reflective.

18
 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Presentation of Data

This section tackles the qualitative data.

19
 Positive Effects Negative Effects
Safety and Security Restricts time
Right Conduct Less chance of finishing tasks

Curfew
Commonly followed Sometimes violated

Effectiveness, views, effects, rules, regulations, and limitations of curfew to the life of
students.
This section tackles the quantitative data.
Age

3%

23%

29%
15 16

17 18

Based from the survey

45%
conducted, the researchers found

out that majority of the respondents are 17 years old, representing 45% of the overall

sample.

20
 Sex

35%
Male

Female
65%

21
 3% 3%
3% 3%
3%
4%
3%
4%
3%
4%
3%

4%
3%

4%
3%

4%
4%

4% 3%

4% 4%
12 HUMSS 01 12 HUMSS 02 12 GAS 01 12 ABM 01 12 ABM 02 12 ABM 03
4% 4%
12 ABM 04 12 ABM 05 12 STEM 01 12 STEM 02 12 STEM 03 12 STEM 04
12 STEM 05 4% 06
12 STEM 12 STEM 07 12 STEM 08 3%HUMSS 01
11 11 HUMSS 02
11 GAS 01 11 GAS 02 4% 11 ABM 01 3%
11 ABM 02 11 ABM 03 11 ABM 04
4% 4%
11 ABM 05 11 ABM 06 11 STEM 01 11 STEM 02 11 STEM 03

The chart above connotes that majority of the respondents of the study are

female respondents, representing 65% of the whole sample.

Grade & Section

22
 Basing from the illustration above the sample population is almost equally

distributed and the sections seem to range from 3% to 4% each in terms of representing

the overall sample.

213 197
145

3
Home School Barangay/Community Others

1. Where do you have curfew?

23
 The chart above implies that majority of the respondents have curfew at home,

representing 70% (213 respondents) of the total sample.

2. Where must curfew be implemented?

204 196
180

3
Home School Barangay Others

Based from the feedbacks given by respondents, curfew must be implemented at

home, which garnered a total percentage of 67% (204 respondents).

3. Do you agree with the set time for the curfew?

27%

Yes No Maybe
58%

15%

24
 The illustration above connotes that majority of the respondents agree and

approve the time set for the curfew, which has hoarded a total percentage of 58% from

the total population sample.

4. If you answered no in the previous question, what must be the set time?

11

7
6
5 5 5
3 3
2 2 2

The graph above emphasized that the particular respondents whom have

disagreed with the precedent question favor “11:00PM – 4:00AM” as the set time for

curfew.
25
5. Do you want to continue the implementation of curfew?

20%

Yes No

14%
Maybe
66%

With the presentation above, majority of the respondents agreed with the

continuation of the implementation of curfew, with a total percentage of 66%

6. Does curfew benefit you as an individual?

19%

Yes No
7%

Maybe
74%

It is evident that the graph above justifies that majority of the respondents agree

and have decided that curfew does benefit them as an individual. The data supports the

claim, with a total percentage of 73% out of the total population sample.

26
 259
227 225 218

7. What are the positive effects of curfew?

215
131 117 89

Among the choices given in relation with the benefits of curfew, the illustration

above connotes that majority of the respondents, 259 of them in particular, has chosen

the first option which is, “Protects individuals from possible dangers.”

8. What are the disadvantages of curfew?

27
 Among the choices given in relation with the disadvantages of curfew, the

illustration above connotes that majority of the respondents, 215 of them in particular,

has chosen the first option which is, “Limits time in doing school activities.”

9. How often do you follow your curfew?

6%

(4) Always
33%
26%
(3) Often

(2) Sometimes

(1) Never

35%

In terms of finding out how often the respondents follow their curfew, the

researchers found out that 35% of the overall sample answered “Often” which

corresponds with the third (3rd) scale out of four.

10. For you, what is the level of effectiveness of curfew? Please check one box only. (5

as the highest, 1 as the lowest)

28
 3%

12% 18%
(5) Super Effective

(4) Very Effective

(3) Effective

34%
(2) Somehow Effective
33%

(1) Not Effective

The graph emphasized that the level of effectiveness according to the

respondents fall on the third scale which is “Effective”. The third scale garnered 34%

votes from the overall sample population.

Interpretation of Data

There are there three data collection strategies that are used. Hence, they are

interpreted by the researcher separately.

Questionnaire

This part of the research presents, interprets and analyzes the data elicited from the

respondents. This section is divided into 2 categories: (1) basic profile of the

respondents, and lastly, (2) the questions asked to the respondents together with the

interpretation and implication and the analysis of data.

A. Demographic profile of the Respondents

The 1st table includes the frequency and percentage distribution of the
respondents according to their age.

Age Frequency Percentage

15 8 3%

29
 16 85 29%
17 130 45%
18 66 23%
Total 289 100%

Based from the survey conducted, the researchers found out that majority of the

respondents are 17 years old, representing 45 % of the overall sample. It is recorded

that 85 of them (29%) are 16 years old, 66 (23%) are 18 years old, 7 (2%) are 15 years

old.

The 2nd table includes the frequency and percentage distribution of the
respondents according to their grade level and section.
Grade & Section Frequency Percentage
12 HUMSS 01 9 2%
12 HUMSS 02 8 2%
12 GAS 01 10 3%
12 ABM 01 10 3%
12 ABM 02 10 3%
12 ABM 03 10 3%
12 ABM 4 10 3%
12 ABM 05 10 3%
12 STEM 01 11 4%
12 STEM 02 11 4%
12 STEM 03 11 4%
12 STEM 04 11 4%
12 STEM 05 10 3%
12 STEM 06 10 3%
12 STEM 07 11 4%
12 STEM 08 11 4%
11 HUMSS 01 11 4%
30
 11 HUMSS 02 11 4%
11 GAS 01 11 4%
11 GAS 02 11 4%
11 ABM 01 11 4%
11 ABM 02 11 4%
11 ABM 03 12 4%
11 ABM 04 11 4%
11 ABM 05 11 4%
11 ABM 06 10 3%
11 STEM 01 10 3%
11 STEM 02 10 3%
11 STEM 03 10 3%
Total 304 100%

It is clear that the number of respondents came from all of the sections of the

University of La Salette Inc. Senior High School Department, not leaving one section or

two behind. The researcher employed the stratified sampling method, therefore

resulting to the number of participants per section.

The 3rd table includes the frequency and percentage distribution of the
respondents according to their sex.
Sex Frequency Percentage
Female 197 65%
Male 104 35%
Total 301 100%
Under sex, most of the respondents are female. There are 197 (65%) female

respondents while there are only 104 (35%) male respondents. The data gathered will

most likely affect the interpretation later on since curfew may be different based on

one’s gender. The most commonly used perception about the relationship between
31
gender and curfew involve female having earlier curfew than male. This perception

might be justified or proven wrong depending on the latter results.

The 4th table includes the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to the 1st inquiry.

Choices Frequency Percentage

Home 213 70%
School 197 65%
Barangay/Community 145 48%
Others 3 1%

The first question aims to elicit information from the respondents regarding the

locations where curfew is being enforced. They can check as many as they want. Still,

they can still add if their answers are not mentioned. From the 304 responses gathered,

213 respondents (70%) answered home, 197 respondents (65%) answered school, 145

respondents (48%) chose barangay or community, and one respondent answered (1%).

The mentioned figures denote that curfew is usually implemented at home. This now

infers that majority of the respondents’ parents or guardian are enforcing curfew at their

houses. The reasons why parents or guardians enforce curfew would depend from the

responses garnered based from the questions in relation with the benefits or

disadvantages of curfew. The next succeeding option is the school, when interpreted,

the school in fact enforces curfew to its students, if the researchers are not mistaken the

curfew at University of La Salette High School Senior High campus starts from 5:30 PM

to 6:00PM. But since the overall respondents did not choose the school as a place

where curfew is enforced, the researchers assumed that some of the students may not

be aware of it. Following the second option, which is barangay or community, is the third
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most voted option, the researchers therefore concluded that curfew might be different

based from geographical locations or their barangays or communities in general. Other

respondents answered otherwise, which is under the ‘other’ category. Some of the

students answered boarding house, which is the least voted option. When interpreted,

there are students who do not go home during weekdays, which results to them staying

at their boarding house. The researchers assumed that these students have their

homes at a distant location.

The 5th table includes the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to the 2nd inquiry.

Choices Frequency Percentage

Home 204 67%
School 180 60%
Barangay/Community 196 65%
Others 3 1%
The second question is where curfew must be implemented based on the opinion

of the respondents. It allows respondents to choose and add multiple options if they

need to. There are 304 responses overall. Most of the responses fall under home which

garnered 204 responses (67%). The barangay or community follows with 196

responses (65%), which is only close to the first with only 8 responses behind. Next is

school that garnered 180 responses (60%). Others option is falling behind with only 3

responses (1%). This shows that aside from the fact that curfew is usually implemented

at home; the respondents also believe that this place is the appropriate location for

curfew implementation.

The 6th table includes the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to the 3th inquiry.

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 Choices Frequency Percentage
Yes 174 58%
No 44 15%
Maybe 82 27%
TOTAL 300 100%

The third question is regarding whether the respondents agree with the set time

for curfew. The choices given are the following: yes, no, and maybe. There are 300

responses. Majority of the respondents, 174 to be exact (58%) answered yes. Only 44

respondents (15%) answered no and 82 respondents (27%) answered maybe. The

figures show that many agree to the rules and regulations specifically to the set time for

curfew. This implies that respondents benefit a lot from the current law enforced, since

most of them agreed with the time frame. It can also be interpreted as an effective time

frame for curfew. The second most voted option is the category of ‘Maybe’, this denotes

that some of the respondents are not yet sure if the time frame is agreeable or not. The

researchers presume that the respondents have not pondered about it much, or have

not observed it very well. While the least voted category which is ‘No’ implies that least

of the total population sample disagree with the time set for curfew. Suggested time for

curfew is given below.

The 7th table includes the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to the 3th inquiry.

Choices Frequency Percentage

10:00PM - 1:00AM 3 6%
10:00PM - 4:00AM 5 10%
10:00PM - 6:00AM 3 6%
11:00PM - 4:00AM 11 22%
11:00PM - 6:00AM 7 14%
11:00PM - 12:00AM 2 4%
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 11:00PM - 3:00AM 6 12%
11:00PM - 5:00AM 5 10%
12:00PM - 3:00AM 5 10%
12:00PM - 4:00AM 2 4%
12:00PM - 5:00AM 2 4%

The fourth question is for those who disagreed towards the precedent question

(3rd inquiry). It pertains to what must be the set time for the curfew. The respondents

chose the starting time (10:00 pm, 11:00 pm and 12:00 am) and the ending time (3:00

am, 4:00 am, 5:00 am, and 6:00 am). There are 51 responses. Majority of the

respondents favor 11:00 pm to 4:00 am as the set time for curfew.

The 8th table includes the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to the 5th inquiry.

Choices Frequency Percentage

Yes 200 66%
No 44 14%
Maybe 60 20%
TOTAL 304 100%

The fifth question asks if the respondents want to continue the implementation of

curfew. There are 304 responses. Most of the respondents answered yes which is

equivalent to 200 responses (66%). Next to it is the option of maybe which gathered 60

responses (20%). Lastly, the option of no only garnered 44 responses (14%). This

asserts that the implementation of curfew should be continued but some are still not

sure if it should be continued and only few answered that it should not be continued at

all. If the precedent data above is assessed, majority of the respondents agreed with the

time frame given with curfew, its relationship with the current inquiry involves how

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effective curfew is since majority of the respondents approve with the continuation of

curfew. However, it is inevitable that there are respondents who seem unsure about it

and did not have the time to contemplate about it. It is also foreseeable that there would

be respondents that would disagree with the proposal. The researchers presumed that

these respondents’ view about the continuation of curfew is a nuisance towards their

daily activities.

The 9th table includes the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to the 6th inquiry.

Choices Frequency Percentage

Yes 225 74%
No 22 7%
Maybe 57 19%
TOTAL 304 100%

The sixth question pertains to whether curfew benefits the respondents as an

individual. There are total of 304 responses. Majority of the respondents, specifically,

225 respondents (74%) answered yes. While 57 (19%) picked maybe and 22

respondents (7%) stated no. The records show that curfew is helpful to the people

affected by it however many are still not sure if it really benefits them and only few

answered that it does not benefit them at all. The possible reasons as to why curfew is

beneficial to an individual would surface at the next inquiry.

The 10th table includes the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to the 7th inquiry.

Choices Frequency Percentage

Protects individual from 259 85%
possible dangers
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 Lowers crime rates 227 75%
Brings peace of mind to 225 74%
parents

Promotes discipline and 218 72%

time management.

The seventh question pertains to the benefits of curfew. The respondents can

check as many as they want and give additional answers. There are 304 responses. Of

all the various choices, the first option garnered the highest number of responses with

259 answers (85%). The second options gathered 227 responses (75%), the third

option garnered 225 responses (74%), and the last option had 218 responses (72%).

The numbers show that curfew has various benefits to individuals, most especially the

students. However, curfew’s primary asset is its capability to strengthen individuals’

protection from harm and promoting discipline and time management was the least

chosen.

The 11th table includes the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to the 8th inquiry.

Choices Frequency Percentage

Limits time in doing school 215 71%
activities. (eg. doing
assignments and
practices)
Lessens the time for 131 43%
recreational activities (eg.
going to the malls)
Suppresses the freedom of 117 39%

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 students
Causes students to rebel 89 30%
from their parents
Others 2 1%

The eight inquiry pertains to the disadvantages of curfew. The respondents can

also choose as many as they want and specify other answers. There are 304

responses. The first option had 215 responses (71%), the second options garnered 131

responses (43%), the third option gathered 117 responses (39%), and the last option

collected 89 responses (30%). The mentioned figures mean that curfew has indeed

negative effects to the individuals. But the disadvantage that really affects the

respondents is its tendency to limit them in doing activities specifically, school related

tasks. Next to it is it lessens their time for recreational activities that suppresses their

freedom as individuals and students that caused other respondents, only few, to

believe, that curfew might cause rebellion against from their parents.

The 12th table includes the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to the 9th inquiry.

Choices Frequency Percentage

Always 101 33%
Often 107 35%
Sometimes 78 26%
Never 18 6%
TOTAL 304 100%

The ninth question aims to know how the respondents follow curfew. The

records show 304 responses. Majority of the respondents answered often, which is

equivalent to 107 respondents (35%). One hundred one respondents (33%) picked

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always, 78 respondents (26%) stated sometimes, and 18 (6%) responded never. The

mentioned figures above explain that individuals, specifically the students, follow curfew

often and only few do not follow their curfew.

The 13th table includes the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to the 10th inquiry.

Choices Frequency Percentage

Super Effective 56 18%
Very Effective 99 33%
Effective 103 34%
Somewhat Effective 37 12%
Not Effective 9 3%
TOTAL 304 100%

The tenth question talks about the level of effectiveness of curfew. Overall, there

are 304 responses. Most of the respondents believed that curfew is effective or in the

middle range. To be exact, there are 103 responses (34%) recorded. Ninety-nine

respondents (33%) answered very effective, 56 respondents (18%) said super effective,

37 respondents (12%) stated somehow effective, and nine respondents (3%) picked not

effective. This shows that curfew is indeed effective but some still believed that it is not

effective at all.

Interview

Based on the interviews being conducted to the 10 senior high school students of

University of La Salette who served as the respondents, many of them cited curfew as

an effective ordinance. Majority of them favor curfew and believed that they were

benefited as individuals and students. They are affected by it positively due to the

following reasons: it promotes safety and security, boosts discipline, and instills
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responsibility and time management. They also stressed about how it is beneficial to

their studies. Although many believed that implementing curfew is a good idea, some of

them said that curfew limits their activities due to the following reasons: they cannot

finish their tasks especially school requirements and practices and their gimmicks and

bonding time with friends is being restricted. There are circumstances wherein they

need to violate curfew just to finish the things they really need to accomplish in due

time. However, many of them still follow it.

Documentary Analysis

Based on the documents being analyzed such as articles, books, and journals,

curfew offers different gains and this are the following: lessens the chances of minors

getting involved in juvenile violence and crime, develops values within such as instilling

responsibility and time management skills, promotes the avoidance of sleep deprivation,

boosts focus in school, and allows more bonding time with the family. On the other

hand, curfew results to drawback which is limiting freedom and movement since it would

violate certain fundamental human rights such as the right to liberty, the right to travel,

and the right to privacy.

Analysis of Data

The different data collection strategies results to the different details and figures

that the researcher had gathered. The three strategies that had been conducted

provided relevant information regarding the views, effects, and limitations of curfew to

the students. Based on the recorded data regarding the subject matter, there are

similarities between the results. The three techniques all show that implementing curfew

gives positive effects wherein it is primarily focus on the safety and attitudes of the
40
students. Students and studies believe that it is indeed beneficial. Although many

usually follow it, there are instances that some tried to violate it because of its

drawback. It limits the time and actions of an individual. This commonly results to

insufficient period in finishing tasks such as school requirements and doing recreational

activities. Also, there are individuals who do not agree with the rules and regulations

under curfew, specifically, its set time. However, amidst its setbacks, it is still considered

as an effective ordinance.

CHAPTER V

FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION

Summary of Findings

The findings of the study are as follows:

1. Curfew is considered as an effective ordinance. Its level of effectiveness

towards the life of the students falls under the positive range for it gives various

benefits.

2. Curfew is enforced in various settings or location such as barangay and school

premises. However, it is usually employed at home.

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 3. Curfew is commonly viewed by the students as a positive entity. They favored it

because they find it beneficial. The respondents and studies show that curfew

might is helpful in ensuring safety and protection from crimes and dangers and

promotes good attitudes and practices such as being responsible, having

discipline, and managing time properly. It also brings peace of mind to the

parents.

4. The students liked the concept of curfew but they also asserted that there are

circumstances that it affects them in a negative way. It limits their opportunity to

finish their tasks especially school requirements on time and restrict leisure

time with friends. Also, there are those who disagree with the set time of

curfew.

5. Students usually follow the curfew being imposed on them but there are

instances that they violate it since they want to accomplish their accountabilities

even though it is beyond the set time already.

Conclusion

The effectiveness of curfew to the life of the students is high. It is beneficial to the

students for it serves as a protection from danger and promotion of good attitudes and

practices. Curfews have many advantages that teenagers might not realize; these

advantages include staying out of trouble, better time management, less sleep

deprivation, and increased focus in school. However, there are circumstances wherein it

limits and restricts the time and actions of an individual wherein their age must be

considered when implementing a curfew for teen especially at home. Still, the students

42
favor and follow curfew regularly for they considered it helpful especially to their studies.

Also, curfew is enforced on various locations.

Recommendation

The following are hereby recommended:

1. The concepts and principles that arrived regarding curfew may serve as

input in improving the curfew ordinances in the country and rules and

regulation in the schools.

2. The study can be used to promote awareness about curfew’s impact on the

life of the people, particularly the students. If the students know this

ordinance accurately and precisely, they can follow properly this rule and

maximize its benefits.

3. The drawbacks of curfew may be amended through reviewing its

conventions and premises.

4. Further studies or researches about curfew may be conducted to other types

of respondents and include other factors and variables such as more

detailed demography. For example, there are many factors that must be

taken account of when deciding on a curfew for a teen and the most

essential of it is considering their age.

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