Bituminous Surface Dressing (BSD)

• Thin film of bituminous binder is sprayed on

the road surface covered by a coat of mineral
aggregate sand rolled
• Functions

– Thin wearing course of pavement and

protect base course
– Water proof the pavement surface and
prevent surface water infiltration
– Provide dust free surface in dry weather and
mud free surface in wet weather
 Seal Coat

• Top coat over pervious bituminous pavements

such as premixed carpet and grouted macadam

• Thin surface treatment or single coat dressing

applied over an existing black top surface
• Functions
– Seal surfacing against water ingress
– Develop skid resistant texture
 Built–up Spray Grout (BUSG)

• Two layer composition of compacted crushed

aggregate sand application of binder after
each layer for bonding and finished it
aggregate sat the top
• Total Thickness–75mm

• Suitable for strengthening of existing

bituminous pavements
• Wearing course is provided over this layer
 Penetration Macadam

• Used as binder or base course

• Coarse aggregates are spread and compacted

and then hot bituminous binder of high
viscosity is spread at the top

• Bitumen penetrates the void sand binds the

aggregates together
 Premix methods

• Aggregate sand binder are mixed before

spreading and compacting

• Classified based on gradation of aggregates

chosen as
– Open Graded
– Semi dense and dense mixes
Common types are
Bituminous
Macadam
Bituminous
Carpet
Bituminous
Concrete
 Bituminous Macadam

• Consist of one or more courses of compacted

aggregates premixed with binder, laid
immediately after mixing

• Laid in compacted thicknesses of 75mm or

50mm

• Essentially a base course or binder course and

should have surfacing

• Superior to other base course materials w.r.t

load dispersion and durability
 Bituminous Premixed Carpet

• Coarse aggregates of 12.5 mm and 10mm size

premixed with binder and compacted to
thickness of 20 mm to serve as a base course
• Should be covered by a sealcoat

• Semi‐dense carpet‐Well graded aggregate is

used for construction of bituminous carpet of
thickness 20 or25mm
 Bituminous Concrete or Asphaltic

Concrete

• Densegradedpremixedbituminousmixthatiswellc
ompactedtoformapavementsurfacecourse

• Mixture of coarse aggregates, filler and fine

aggregates
• Thickness–40‐75mm

• IRC specification–40mm thick AC surface

course for highway pavements
 Sheet Asphalt

• Dense sand– bitumen pre‐ mix used as

wearing course–compacted thickness of
25mm

• Well graded coarse to fine sand without

coarse aggregate sand bitumen
• Laid over cement concrete pavement

• Protects joints and helps in reduction in

warping stresses
 Mastic Asphalt

• Mixture of bitumen, fine aggregate sand filler

• Whencooledresultsinahard,stableanddurabl
elayerthatwithstandsheavytraffic
• Absorbs vibrations

• Suitable surfacing material for bridge deck

slabs
 Bituminous Construction

Procedures
• Surface Dressing
• Grouted or Penetration Macadam
• Built‐up Spray Grout
• Bitumen bound Macadam
• Bituminous Carpet
• Bituminous Concrete
 Surface Dressing (BSD)

• Done in either single coat or in two coats over

an existing pavement for renewal or as a
wearing course over a WBM road

• Bitumengrades–80/100
 • Construction Steps
– Surface Preparation
– Application of binder
– Application of stone chippings
– Rolling of first or final coat

– Application of binder and stone

chippings for second coat
– Rolling of second coat
– Finishing and opening to traffic‐ after 24 hours
Bituminous Concrete Construction

• Proper design of mixes–essential

• Dense grading of coarse aggregates, fine

aggregate sand mineral fillet coated with
bitumen binder
• Prepared in a hot‐mix plant

• Thickness depends on traffic and quality of

base course
• Construction Steps
– Preparation of existing base course layer

– Application of tack coat– 6 ‐ 7.5kg of bitumen

per10 m2area
– Preparation and placing of premix
• Bitumen heated to1500C–1770C &
aggregate temperature should not difer
by over 140C from binder temperature

• Spreadatatemperatureof1210C‐1630C
– Rolling – Initial – 8‐ 12 trolled &
intermediate– 15‐30t ; final– 8‐ 12t roller
– Quality Control– Bitumen grade,
temperature of aggregate, temperature
during mixing and compaction
Marshall Tests conducted

1 sampleoutofevery100tofmixdischarged is
tested
Forevery100 m2of compacted surface, one
field density test is done
Variation in thickness–6mm per
4.5mofconstruction
– Finished surface‐checked for
longitudinal undulations – not greater
than 8mm.
 Cement Concrete Pavements

• Excellent riding surface & pleasing appearance

• Longer life
• Design on rational basis
• Cost saving and excellent performance
• High initial investment
• Joints–planes of weakness
• Curing period‐necessary
 Construction of Cement Concrete

Pavement Slab
• Cement grouted layer Suitable for base
course
• Rolled concrete layer
• Cement Concrete slab
– Cement grouted layer
• Opengradedaggregatemixwithaggregat
eshavingmaximumsize–18‐25mm‐
dryrolled
• Cement grout is applied on the surface
‐ Rolled Concrete layer
‐ Lean mix concrete issued
 Methods of Construction
• Alternate Bay Method–constructing a bay or one
slab in alternate succession leaving the next to
immediate bay to follow up after a gap of a
week

• Advantages
• Working convenience for slab laying
• Joint construction
easier Disadvantages
Large no of transverse joints to be provided
• Complete diversion of traffic necessary
Continuous Bay Method ‐ preferred
34
 Material Specifications

• Cement– OPC or Rapid Hardening Cement

• Aggregates
– Max size not greater than one fourth slab
thickness
– Gradationofcoarseaggregate–50 to4.75 mm or
40 to
4.75 mm in two size ranges, one below and
the other above 20mm
– Crushing value ‐30%max
– Impact value–30%max
– Los Angeles Abrasion value–35% max as
per IRC Fine aggregate– natural sand or
 crushed stone

Concrete–Min Modulus of Rupture of 40kg/cm2

after 28 days of curing or compressive
strength of280 kg/cm2
 Plants & Equipments required

• Concrete Mixer & Batching Device

• Vibrating Screed
 Plants & Equipments required

• Internal Vibrators
• Straight Edge
• Belt
• Fibre Brush
• Edging Tool
 Construction Steps

• Preparation of Sub grade and Sub‐base

– Uniformly compacted sub grade –extending

30cmoneithersideofwidthtobeconcreted
– Properly drained

– Min ‘k’ value of 5.54 kg/cm2

– To be kept in moist condition

– Water proof paper to be placed in case

concrete is placed directly over sub grade
• Placing of Forms
– Steel or wooden forms
• Batching of material and Mixing
• Transporting and Placing of concrete
• Compaction and Finishing
• Floating and Straight Edging
• Belting, Brooming and Edging
• Curing
Thank You