PROJECT IN PRECALCULUS

Trigonometric Fundamental Identities

A. Reciprocal Identities B. Quotient Identities C. Pythagorean
Identities
1 1 sinθ secθ cosθ cscθ
cosθ= secθ= tanθ= tanθ= cotθ= cotθ=
secθ cosθ cosθ cscθ sinθ secθ cos 2 θ+ sin 2 θ=1

1 1 cosθ tanθ secθ cotθ

sinθ= cscθ= sinθ= sinθ= cscθ= cscθ=
cscθ sinθ cotθ secθ tanθ cosθ 1+ tan 2 θ=sec 2 θ

1 1 cotθ sinθ tanθ cscθ

tanθ= cotθ= cosθ= cosθ= secθ= secθ=
cotθ tanθ cscθ tanθ sinθ cotθ cot2 θ+1=csc 2 θ

The General Addition Formulas

cos A+ B=cosAcosB−sinAsinB sin A+ B=sinAcosB+sinBcosA tanA +tanB
tan A+ B=
1−tanAtanB
cos A−B=cosAcosB+ sinAsinB sin A−B=sinAcosB −sinBcosA tanA −tanB
tan A−B=
1+tanAtanB

Double-Angle Formulas
1. a. cos 2 θ=cos2 θ−sin 2 θ c. cos 2 θ=2cos 2 θ−1 2 tanθ
3. tan2 θ=
b. cos 2 θ=1−2 sin2 θ 2. sin 2 θ=2 sinθcosθ 1−tan 2 θ

Half-Angle Formulas
θ 1+cosθ θ 1−cosθ θ sinθ 1−cosθ
cos =± √ sin =± √ tan = =
2 2 2 2 2 1+ cosθ sinθ

Special Reduction Formulas

1. a. cos−θ=cosθ 2. a. cos π −θ=−cosθ π
3. a. cos −θ=sinθ
b. sin−θ=−sinθ b. s∈π −θ=sinθ 2
c. tan−θ=−tanθ c. tan π −θ=−tanθ
 π
b. sin −θ=cosθ
2
π
c. tan −θ=cotθ
2
π 5. a. cos θ−π=−cosθ 3π
4. a.cos θ− =sinθ 6. a. cos −θ=−sinθ
2 b. sin θ−π =−sinθ 2
π c. tanθ−π=tanθ 3π
b. sin θ− =−cosθ b. sin −θ=−cosθ
2 2
π 3π
c. tanθ− =−cotθ c. tan −θ=cotθ
2 2

Products of Sine and Cosine

1
1. sinAcosB= [ sin A+ B+ sin A−B ]
2
1
2. cosAsinB= [ sin A+ B−sin A−B ]
2
1
3. cosAcosB= [ cos A+ B+cos A−B ]
2
1
4. sinAsinB= [ cos A−B−cos A+ B ]
2

Sum and Difference of Sines and Cosines

1 1
1. sin A+sin B=2 sin ( A + B ) cos ( A−B )
2 2
1 1
2. sin A−sin B=2 cos ( A +B ) sin ( A−B )
2 2
1 1
3. cos A−cos B=−2sin ( A+ B ) sin ( A−B )
2 2
1 1
4. cos A+ cos B=2 cos ( A + B ) cos ( A−B )
2 2