Teknologi Base Isolation Untuk Bangunan Tinggi Dan Bangunan Ekstra Tinggi - Ir. Davy Sukamta IP-U

Web: www.davysukamta.
com
Email: dsp@davysukamta.com
Davy Sukamta
Mantan Ketua Umum HAKI
Pimpinan Davy Sukamta & Partners
Anggota TABG-DKI dan PUSGEN
DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Structural Engineers
Merekayasa Respons Gedung Sehingga Guncangan Gempa
Tidak Diteruskan Kepada Gedung
Isolator Karet dengan Redaman Tinggi

Each Year
500,000 earthquakes recorded
104,000 earthquakes felt by people
100 earthquakes causing damage
Earthquake with Most Fatalities

Year 1556, China, 830,000 fatalities
Year 2004, Aceh-Andaman, 227,898 fatalities
Year 2010, Haiti, 316,000 fatalities
Chile, 1960, Mw = 9.5
Alaska, 1964, Mw = 9.2
Aceh, 26 December 2004, Mw =9.1

Indonesia is located
in a very active seismicity region

Indonesia is located
in a very active seismicity region
28 September 2018, Sulawesi EQ

Sumber: AFP

Earthquakes can be Catastrophic and
Very Expensive
◆ Loma Prieta 1989 – $7 Billion
◆ $450 Million per Second
◆ Northridge 1994 - $30 Billion

◆ $2 billion per second!
◆ Kobe 1995 - $150 - $200 Billion

◆ $7.5 billion per second!!
Tokohu 2011 - $360 Billion

SEISMIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS
- Seismic resistant design, fixed-base structure
- Vibration controlled structure (with dampers)
- Seismically isolated structure

Structural Engineers LOKAKARYA VIRTUAL AIPI SEPT 2020
No Business Disruption
Maintaining Delivery Schedule
Essential Facilities Must be Operational
Keruntuhan Rumah Sakit Olive View - 1971

LOKAKARYA VIRTUAL AIPI SEPT 2020
Fundamental principle of base isolation: modify the
response of the building so that the ground can move
below the buildings without transmitting these motion
into the building.

Source:

Source: Koji NAKAHARA , Toshiharu HISATOKU , Tadashi NAGASE and Yoshinori TAKAHASHI

Source:
Stress-strain Diagram

Source:Bridgestone Japan

Designed by DSP in 2009 Designed by DSP in 2009
27-story 30-story
OBJECTIVES: Enhance performance of structures at all hazard levels by

- Minimizing interruption of use of facility
- Reducing damaging deformations in structural and nonstructural components
- Reducing acceleration response to minimize contents related damage

Design Process for Gudang Garam Tower
Aug 2010 – Jan 2011
Code: SNI-1726-2002 > UBC-1977 ?

- No provision for seismically isolated structure
Code: SNI-1726:2012 > ASCE 7-10

- ASCE 7-10 as reference for SNI-1726
Extensive reviews and interaction between the consultant

and the building authorities in Jakarta led to a building permit being issued
for this first-of-its-kind project in the city.

General Design Approach
Two-Level Design: DBE & MCER
Superstructure Design
DBE = 2/3MCE
Loads may be reduced by seismic reduction factor R
R ≤ 2 allowing limited inelastic response
Isolation System Design (and Testing)

MCER
1%/50 yr = 2475-yr return period + fragility factor
No seismic reduction factor

Two-Level Design
Level 1: DBE
superstructure
Vb
VS =
R1
Levelsub-structure
2: MCER
Isolation
Vb = kD max DD
Interface
Isolation System

17.2.1: Importance Factor IC= 1.0 (always)
17.2.3 Configuration regular or irregular structure above isolation level
17.2.4 Isolation System

17.2.4.1 Environmental Conditions
Stiffness + 20%
Mean value stiffness
Stiffness - 20%
17.2.4.2 Wind Forces

17.2.4.4 Lateral Restoring Force
17.2.4.6 Vertical-Load Stability

ASCE 7-10 ch.17.2.4.6 :
Design vertical load shall be computed
using load combination
(1.2 + 0.2SMS) D + ρQE + L + 0.2S
(0.9 - 0.2SMS) D + ρQE + 1.6H
17.2.4.7 Overturning SF≥1.0

ASCE 7-10
DESIGN METHODS /
Ch.17.4
Analysis Procedures
Equivalent Lateral Force

Procedures
Static Analysis Dynamic Analysis
Used for Preliminary design Used for Final design
Response Spectrum Time History

Analysis Analysis

ASCE 7-10
17.3 Ground Motion for Isolated Systems
17.3.1 Design Spectra
- Site-specific GM procedures are permitted to be used
- For Site Class F sites, perform according to section 21.1 Site response Analysis
- For sites with S1>0.6, perform according to section 21.2 MCER GM Hazard Analysis
- If site-specific GM is not used, use established Design Response Spectrum
ASCE 7-10 Chapter 21:

Site-Specific GM Procedures
for Seismic Design
- This procedure was adopted
- DBE & MCE level were developed

Ground Motions for Gudang Garam Tower
Although RSA is permitted to be used

for the case of this symmetrical tower,
we have adopted
the response-history procedure
for the final design of GGT
0.5TD Period of Interest 1.25TM

TD effective period at the design displacement
TM effective period at the maximum displacement
Three pairs of motion were developed to match the target spectra

in the period range from 0.5TD to 1.25TM

Selected Ground Motion
The maximum value of the response parameter of interest was used for design.
Period of interest

Plan and Section
Of Gudang Garam Tower
25-story
Seismically Isolated Structure
Isolation
Interface
Tower Seismic Gap
Podium Separation Base Isolation

Plan of Base Isolators (High Damping Rubber Bearings)
HDRB
16 HDRB HH130-6R
24 HDRB HH150-6R

Isolator
Lateral Resistant System: RC Corewall+Outrigger

and Seismic Steel Moment Frame, with HDRBs
Isolator pada ruang khusus

17.6.2.1 Isolation System ASCE 7-10
17.6.2 Modeling
17.6.2.2 Isolated Structure

Analysis - Modeling RC Core wall & Outrigger
ETABS Model
Shear Link
Outrigger
C T
BM Diagram of Core Wall

Analysis – Modeling of isolators
The isolation system shall be modeled using non-linear characteristics for

the type of isolators being proposed for use, i.e. a bilinear biaxial (shear)
hysteretic element with linear axial stiffness for elastomeric isolators.

Outrigger Column
Tubular Core Wall
Structural Scheme – Typical Floor

Outrigger Beam
Shear Link
Structural Scheme – Outrigger Floor

Seismically-isolated Structure
Nomor Periode Getar Faktor Partisipasi Mass (%)
Ragam (detik) X-trans Y-trans Rz-rotn
1 4.233 0.00 99.05 0.00
2 4.160 99.20 0.00 0.18
3 3.454 0.18 0.00 99.81
RC core wall
Outrigger
Fixed-base Structure
Outrigger Periode Periode
Column Nomor Getar Nomor Getar Faktor Partisipasi Mass (%)
Ragam (detik) Ragam (detik) X-trans Y-trans Rz-rotn

1 1.657 1 1.657 0.00 58.08 0.01
2 1.453 2 1.453 54.97 0.00 0.03
3 1.012 3 1.012 0.01 0.00 65.31
Dynamic Characteristic of
Based-Isolated vs Fixed-Base Structure
1.657 sec → 4.233 sec
Source:Bridgestone Japan

Source: Bridgestone Japan
Properties of the isolators

used in the design
are related to shear strain

Setiap isolator diuji di lab
Bridgestone lab in Japan

test
model
Comparison of test loops and bilinear model for HDR-X0.6R

Analysis - Modeling
Gudang Garam Tower

Analysis – Modeling Gudang Garam Tower

PERBANDINGAN KINERJA STRUKTUR
FIXED-BASED VS SEISMICALLY ISOLATED
Fully Operational
Fixed-Based
Seismically Isolated

Masalah Pelaksanaan
Seismic design detailings are put in

place with strict supervision to the
works, starting from foundation:
- Confinement of pile head
- Diameter of bend for hook
- Length of hook

Instalasi Isolator
Bottom plate
Top Plate
Bottom plate
Bottom plate
Installation of bottom base plate
Tolerance in flatness is 2mm

Base plates with long bolts and shear connector

Installation of top plate

Swing Recorder

Opening to facilitate the transportation of HDRBs
should they be replaced in the future

Ruang Khusus Isolator

Horizontal Displacement Measurement
During Final Inspection

Vertical Displacement Measurement
During Final Inspection

Gap Measurement

www.davysukamta.com
Indonesia Bisa!

Teknologi Base Isolation Untuk Bangunan Tinggi Dan Bangunan Ekstra Tinggi - Ir. Davy Sukamta IP-U

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Web: www.davysukamta.

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Isolator Karet dengan Redaman Tinggi

Earthquake with Most Fatalities

Alaska, 1964, Mw = 9.2

Aceh, 26 December 2004, Mw =9.1

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

28 September 2018, Sulawesi EQ

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

◆ Northridge 1994 - $30 Billion

◆ Kobe 1995 - $150 - $200 Billion

Tokohu 2011 - $360 Billion

- Seismic resistant design, fixed-base structure

- Vibration controlled structure (with dampers)

- Seismically isolated structure

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Keruntuhan Rumah Sakit Olive View - 1971

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

OBJECTIVES: Enhance performance of structures at all hazard levels by

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Code: SNI-1726-2002 > UBC-1977 ?

Code: SNI-1726:2012 > ASCE 7-10

Extensive reviews and interaction between the consultant

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Isolation System Design (and Testing)

LOKAKARYA VIRTUAL AIPI SEPT 2020

LOKAKARYA VIRTUAL AIPI SEPT 2020

17.2.4 Isolation System

17.2.4.2 Wind Forces

LOKAKARYA VIRTUAL AIPI SEPT 2020

17.2.4.6 Vertical-Load Stability

17.2.4.7 Overturning SF≥1.0

LOKAKARYA VIRTUAL AIPI SEPT 2020

Equivalent Lateral Force

Static Analysis Dynamic Analysis

Used for Preliminary design Used for Final design

Response Spectrum Time History

LOKAKARYA VIRTUAL AIPI SEPT 2020

ASCE 7-10 Chapter 21:

- This procedure was adopted

- DBE & MCE level were developed

LOKAKARYA VIRTUAL AIPI SEPT 2020

Although RSA is permitted to be used

0.5TD Period of Interest 1.25TM

Three pairs of motion were developed to match the target spectra

LOKAKARYA VIRTUAL AIPI SEPT 2020

LOKAKARYA VIRTUAL AIPI SEPT 2020

Podium Separation Base Isolation

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Lateral Resistant System: RC Corewall+Outrigger

Isolator pada ruang khusus

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

17.6.2.2 Isolated Structure

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

BM Diagram of Core Wall

The isolation system shall be modeled using non-linear characteristics for