Civil Engineering May 2021 Review Innovations Analytic Geometry 2

THE CONIC SECTIONS: THE PARABOLA (e = 1): THE ELLIPSE (e < 1):
= set of points which are equidistant from the focus = set of points such that the sum of the distances
as well as from the directrix. from any point to the two fixed points (foci) is
constant. The constant sum is equal to the length of
y the major axis, 2a.

P1
major axis •
d1 d2 P2
d1
Hyperbola • P(x, y) d3 •
Parabola d2 d4
• f1 • •
F’ F
f2
F(a, 0) x d6
d5
•
Latus rectum •
P3
f3
2a
a a
d3 d1 + d 2 = d 3 + d 4 = d 5 + d 6
•
Ellipse Standard Equation of the Ellipse:
D f1 = d1 y
General Definition of Conic Sections:
= a set of points such that the distance from any point to (x − a)2 + y 2 = x+a
a fixed point called focus is in constant ratio to its distance 2 2 2 2 2 P(x,y)
to a fixed line called directrix. The constant ratio is called x − 2ax + a + y = x + 2ax + a d1 •
its eccentricity, e. d2
y
2
= 4ax •
F’(-c,0)
• •F(c,0) x
y
y
x2 = -4ay
e = f1/d1 = f2/d2 = f3/d3
d1 c c
d2 • x

1 •f
2
f1
If e = 1, it’s a parabola x2 = 4ay
x
Let constant sum = 2a. Then
d1 + d2 = 2a
•Focus e < 1, it’s an ellipse
y y
f3 (x + c )2 + y 2 + (x − c )2 + y 2 = 2a
e > 1, it’s a hyperbola x x 2 2
d3 Simplifying, x y
+ =1
• y2 = - 4ax
a
2 2
a −c
2
y2 = 4ax 2 2 2
Let b = a − c
Directrix
2 2
Note: If vertex is at (h, k), change x to x-h and y to y-k. x y
Length of latus rectum = 4a + =1
2 2
a b
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Civil Engineering May 2021 Review Innovations Analytic Geometry 2
Problems: (PARABOLA) 8. The distance between the foci of an ellipse is
y
1. Locate the vertex and focus and find the length of equal to 8 and the second eccentricity is equal to
the latus rectum of the parabola: 1.333. Compute the shortest focal radius from point
x2 + 12x + 10y + 6 = 0 (x, 2). Consider the major axis along the x-axis and
• center at the origin.
a 2. A parabola has its axis parallel to the y-axis, one
• end of its latus rectum is at (9, 6) and the vertex is 9. The distance (center to center) of the moon from
c at (5, 4). Determine the following:
x
the earth varies from a minimum of 221,463 miles
• a) length of latus rectum to a maximum of 252,710 miles. Find the
c b) equation of the parabola eccentricity of the moon’s orbit.
• c) equation of the directrix of the parabola.
Problem for Practice:
3. Find the equation of the locus of a point which 1. Locate the vertex, focus and the coordinates of
b
•b moves so that its distance from the line x + 4 = 0 is the length of the latus rectum of the parabola:
5 more than its distance from the point (3, 1). y2 + 4x - 4y + 16 = 0
Answer: V(-3, 2); F(-4, 2);
4. A comet from deep space approaches the sun Ends of Latus Rectum (-4, 4) and (-4, 0)
Note: If center is at C(h, k), just change x to (x-h)
along a parabolic orbit. When the comet is 100 2. Find the equation of the parabola whose vertex is
and y to (y-k).
million miles from the sun, the line joining the sun the origin and whose directrix is the line x = 4.
and the comet makes an angle of 600 with the axis Answer: y2 = -16x
Properties : of the parabola. How close to the sun will the comet 3. An arch in the shape of an arc of a parabola
get? measures 6m across the base and its vertex is 2.50m
2 2 2
01. a = b + c above the base. Find the length of the beam parallel
5. A parabolic concrete arch spans a width of 40ft to the base and 2m above it.
ac ; ab
with a 20ft wide road passing under the bridge. The Answer: 2.68 m
2 minimum vertical clearance over the roadway must 4. Find the equation of the ellipse whose vertices are
2b
02. length of latus rectum = be 10ft. What is the height of the smallest such arch the points (4, 6) and (4, -2) and whose eccentricity is
a that can be used? 3/4.
c (𝒙−𝟒)𝟐 (𝒚−𝟐)𝟐
03. e = 1 Answer: + =𝟏
Problems: (ELLIPSE) 𝟕 𝟏𝟔
a 6. Locate the center and foci and determine the 5. A cross-section of a trough is a semi-ellipse with
a length of the latus rectum of the ellipse whose width at the top 18cm and depth 12cm. The trough
04. d = equation is: is filled with water to a depth of 8cm. Find the
e width at the surface of the water.
16x2 + 25y2 – 128x – 150y + 381 = 0
05. Area, A = πab Answer: 𝟏𝟐√𝟐 𝐜𝐦
7. Find the standard equation of the ellipse that has 6. An earth satellite has an apogee of 2450 miles and
2 2
a +b its center at (1, 1), a vertex at (3, 1), and that passes a perigee of 410 miles. Assuming that the earth’s
06. Perimeter, P = 2π radius is 400 miles, what is the value of the
2 through the origin. Also, determine the equation of
the directrices. eccentricity of ellipse, which form with the center of
c the earth at one focus and whose apogee ang
07. 2nd eccentricty, e =
b perigee satisfy the condition above.

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Civil Engineering May 2021 Review Innovations Analytic Geometry 2
Answer: 0.557
Situation 1:
A parabolic arch has a span of 48 m and has a height
of 20 m at a distance 16 m from the center of the
span.
7. What is the height of the parabolic arch?
8. What is the equation of the parabolic arch
considering the center as the vertex?
9. What is the height of the parabolic arch at a
distance of 8 m from the center of the span?
Answers: 36 m;
x2 + 16y – 576 = 0;
32 m
Situation 2:
A point moves so that its distance from the line
x – 16 = 0 is always twice its distance from the point
(4, 0). Determine the following:
10. equation of the locus of the point
11. distance between the vertices of the curve
12. distance of the directrix from the center of the
curve
Answers: 3x2 + 4y2 – 192 = 0
16 units
16 units

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