CE – 842

Credits: 3 + 0
PG 2019
Spring 2020 Semester

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings

Fawad A. Najam
Department of Structural Engineering
NUST Institute of Civil Engineering (NICE)
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)
H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
Cell: 92-334-5192533, Email: fawad@nice.nust.edu.pk
Assignment 1

CE – 416: Earthquake Engineering – Semester: Spring 2018 2

 Develop a general-purpose computer program to automate the code-based ELF
procedure

• What
• Complete automation of four ELF procedures (UBC 97 original, BCP 2007, IBC 2000 and ASCE 7-
16)

• Automation for determination of equivalent lateral loads only

• Inputs from structure’s side (story heights, story masses or seismic weight W)

• Different inputs for all three methods

• UBC 97 (𝐶𝑎 , 𝐶𝑣 , PGA-based zone, soil type etc.)

• BCP 2007 (Tehsil for zone etc. etc.)

• IBC 2000 and ASCE 7-16 (𝑆𝑠 , 𝑆1 , site class etc. etc.)

• Automation of all code-based tables for seismic design factors etc.

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 3

 • Any number of stories
𝑭𝒆𝒒 • Known story masses
• Known story stiffnesses
• Constant story height
• Fixed support condition
• Rigid floors and beams

𝑽𝒃 = 𝑭𝒆𝒒

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 4

 Develop a general-purpose computer program to automate the ELF procedure

• How
• MATLAB, MS Excel or any programming language

• Graphical User Interface (UI) would be a plus point in grading

• Selection of values from code tables using drop-down lists (see ETABS for example).

• User inputs using text boxes etc.

• Outputs
• Equivalent lateral load pattern for any given inputs

• Comparison of equivalent lateral loads from different codes

• Any parametric study or sensitivity analysis (e.g. effect of building height on load pattern etc.)

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 5

 Submission

• Deadline: 20th March 2020

• Summarize your work in a report showing the code, its output, example run of the program and

parametric analysis

• One .zip file with following sub-folders.

• Program code

• Report

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 6

Assignment 2

CE – 416: Earthquake Engineering – Semester: Spring 2018 7

 Develop a general-purpose computer program to automate the code-based RSA
procedure
• What
• Complete automation of four RSA procedures (UBC 97 original, BCP 2007, IBC 2000 and ASCE 7-16)
• Automation for determination of equivalent lateral loads only [for first say, 5 translational modes]
• Inputs from structure’s side
• 2D frame structure (same as dynamics project in last semester)
• Story heights
• Story stiffnesses and Story masses (for M and K matrices and for determination of mode shapes using eigen-value
analysis)

• Inputs from loading’s side, Different inputs for all three code-based methods for plotting the response spectra
• UBC 97 (𝐶𝑎 , 𝐶𝑣 , PGA-based zone, soil type etc.)
• BCP 2007 (Tehsil for zone etc. etc.)
• IBC 2000 and ASCE 7-16 (𝑆𝑠 , 𝑆1 etc. etc.)

• Automation of all code-based tables for seismic design factors etc.

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 8

 Determine Spectral Acceleration
for each Significant Mode

Spectral Acceleration (SA)

𝑆𝐴3
For Initial
Viscous Damping

𝑆𝐴2

𝑆𝐴1

Time Period (sec)

𝑇3 𝑇2 𝑇1

• Any number of stories

• Known story masses …
• Known story stiffnesses 𝜙3

• Constant story height

• Fixed support condition
𝜙1 𝜙2 𝑁
• Rigid floors and beams 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = ෍ 𝛤𝑛 . 𝑚𝑖 . 𝜙𝑖,𝑛 . 𝑆𝐴𝑛
𝑉𝑏1 𝑉𝑏2 𝑉𝑏3
𝑖=1

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 9

 Develop a general-purpose computer program to automate the ELF procedure

• How
• MATLAB, MS Excel or any programming language

• Graphical User Interface (UI) would be a plus point in grading

• Selection of values from code tables using drop-down lists (see ETABS for example).

• User inputs using text boxes etc.

• Outputs
• Equivalent lateral load patterns (for first few modes) for any given inputs

• Comparison of equivalent lateral load patterns (for first few modes) from different codes

• Any parametric study or sensitivity analysis (e.g. effect of building height on load patterns etc.)

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 10

 Submission

• Deadline: 10th April 2020

• Summarize your work in a report showing the code, its output, example run of the program and

parametric analysis

• One .zip file with following sub-folders.

• Program code

• Report

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 11

Term Project

CE – 416: Earthquake Engineering – Semester: Spring 2018 12

 Select a case study real building

• Located in Pakistan

• Height vary from 5 to 50 stories

• Gravity load resisting system → No

restriction

• Lateral load resisting system → No

restriction

• Masonry infill walls

• Possess irregular features commonly found

in typical mid- to high-rise buildings, e.g.
podium and non-symmetrical arrangement
of RC walls, etc.

• No simplification → Just real case

Example 1: 20-story Example 2: 33-story Example 3: 44-story

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 13

20-story
33-story
44-story
 Nonlinear Modeling of Case Study Building
Stress Concrete
𝑓𝑐′
Rigid Link

Level m
Equivalent concrete struts
𝑑𝑐 𝐸𝑜 Mander Envelope
Fiber section Perform 3D Envelope
(concrete and Unloading
𝐸𝑜 𝐸𝑜 𝐸𝑜 Reloading
steel fibers)

Linear shear 𝜀𝑡
Linear-elastic frame
spring
element (shear 𝜀𝑐′ 𝜀𝑐𝑢
Strain
deformation excluded) 𝑓𝑡
Concrete and
Steel fibers Linear shear spring Stress

𝑓𝑢
𝛼𝐸𝑜
Level m-1 Masonry Infill Wall Model 𝑓𝑦
(Equivalent Diagonal Strut Model)
Park Envelope
Perform 3D
MVLEM for RC Walls Lumped Fiber Model for 𝐸𝑜
RC Columns
(Multi-vertical Line Element Model)
(Wallace 2008) Strain
𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑠ℎ 𝜀𝑢
Moment-rotation Linear-elastic frame element
hinges (shear deformation excluded)

Plastic Hinge Model for RC Beams Steel

(ASCE 41 Chord Model)

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 17

 Seismic Hazard

1.2
5% Damped ASCE 7 Uniform Hazard Spectrum (UHS)
(10% PE in 50 Years)
1
Spectral Acceleration (g)

𝑆𝑆 = 1.5𝑔
𝑆1 = 1.125𝑔
0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Time Period (sec)
Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 18
Tasks to Perform
Assume missing data

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 19

 Results to Report

1) Salient Features of Case study Buildings (from Architectural and Structural Drawings)
2) Design Criteria
3) Performance Levels, Performance Assessment Criteria and Acceptance Criteria
4) Linear and Nonlinear FE Models
5) Modal Properties (natural periods, mode shapes, modal participation factors, modal mass
participation factors for first few modes in both principal directions)
6) ELF Results
• Story Displacements
• Inter-story Drift Ratios
• Story Shears
• Overturning Story Moments
• Local Responses (e.g. shear force and bending moment along a line of columns, beams, or a leg of
shear wall along the whole height of building)

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 20

 Results to Report

7) RSA Results
• Story Displacements (for each mode + combined)
• Inter-story Drift Ratios (for each mode + combined)
• Story Shears (for each mode + combined)
• Overturning Story Moments (for each mode + combined)
• Local Responses (e.g. shear force and bending moment along a line of columns, beams, or a leg of
shear wall along the whole height of building) (for each mode + combined)

8) Comparison of ELF and RSA Results

9) Selection of GMs for LTHA (or LTHA)

• Acceleration Time Histories (Original, as recorded)
• Acceleration Time Histories (modified, matched)
• Unmatched and matched spectra

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 21

 Results to Report

10) LTHA (or LTHA) Results (with and without R factor)

• Story Displacements (envelop results)
• Inter-story Drift Ratios (envelop results)
• Story Shears (envelop results)
• Overturning Story Moments (envelop results)
• Floor Accelerations (envelop results)
• Local Responses (e.g. shear force and bending moment along a line of columns, beams, or a leg of
shear wall along the whole height of building) (envelop results)
• Time histories of roof displacement (or displacement at different stories)
• Time histories of base shear

11) Comparison of RSA and LTHA (or LTHA) Results (with and without R factor)

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 22

 Results to Report

12) NLTHA (or NLTHA) Results

• Story Displacements (envelop results)
• Inter-story Drift Ratios (envelop results)
• Story Shears (envelop results)
• Overturning Story Moments (envelop results)
• Floor Accelerations (envelop results)
• Local Responses (e.g. shear force and bending moment along a line of columns, beams, or a leg of
shear wall along the whole height of building) (envelop results)
• Time histories of roof displacement (or displacement at different stories)
• Time histories of base shear

13) Comparison of RSA (with R factor), LTHA (or LTHA) (with R factor) and NLTHA (or NLTHA)
Results
14) Interpretation of Results, Discussion and Structural Performance
15) Conclusions

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 23

 Submission

• Deadline: End of Semester

• One .zip file with following sub-folders.

• Drawings

• Ground Motions

• Linear Elastic Models

• Nonlinear Models

• Report

Performance-based Seismic Design of Buildings – Semester: Spring 2018 (Fawad A. Najam) 24

Thank you for your attention

CE – 416: Earthquake Engineering – Semester: Spring 2018 25