RESEARCH

NATURE OF SCIENCE
➢Science is tentative. Scientific knowledge is subject to change
in light of new evidence
➢Science is empirical. It is based on or derived from
observations of the world around us from which
interpretations are made, It is also involves abstractions
 NATURE OF SCIENCE
➢Science is imaginative and creative. Science requires
imagination and creativity to provide inferential statements
about observed phenomena
➢Science is subjective-laden and theory. It describes the way
different scientists can interpret the same data sets
differently. Bias from observer is most likely to occur but we
can minimize it.
 Basic Science
Processes and Skills
1. Observing
2. Measuring
3. Inference and Hypothesis
4. Classifying
5. Predicting
6. Communicating
 1. OBSERVING
➢most basic skill in Science
➢made using 5 senses
➢Good observations are essential in
learning the other science process
skills
 2. MEASURING
➢ important in collecting, comparing,
and interpreting data
➢Helps in classifying and
communicating better when using the
same standard systems of
measurement
 3. INFERRING
➢Inference is an explanation based
on observation
➢Link between what is observed
and what is already known
 4. CLASSIFYING
➢Noticing similarities, differences, and
group objects according to purpose
➢Important to create order to help
comprehend the number of objects,
events, and living things
➢Basis for all concept formation
 5. PREDICTING
➢Answers the question, “What do you think
will happen?”
➢Providing an educated guess based on
good observations and inferences about an
observed event or prior knowledge
 6. COMMUNICATING
➢It is important to be able to share
our experiences
➢This can be done with graphs,
diagrams, maps, and spoken word
 1. OBSERVING
➢most basic skill in Science
➢made using 5 senses
➢Good observations are essential in
learning the other science process
skills
 QUALITATIVE
OBSERVATIONS

1. Qualitative
observations
uses senses
to observe the
results.
 THINGS TO REMEMBER IN
WRITING SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATIONS
1. Describe the object or phenomenon using accurate
words.
2. Describe using complete sentences.
3. Avoid using similes, metaphors, and using like.
(Example: Do not use “shaped like a ball. Instead, use
“round”)
 Things you can include in your
OBSERVATIONS
1. Color
2. Pattern/design (if available)
3. Size
4. Shape
5. Texture
6. Other information like structure or parts
 WRITING OBSERVATIONS
For example, to describe an egg:

1. Color • This egg is white.

2. Pattern/design •
3. Size • The egg weighs about 250 grams.
4. Shape • This egg is oval.
5. Texture • This egg is smooth.
6. Other relevant • This egg was laid by a bird.
information
Observing Changes
 Let’s Watch:
Take note of your
observations
BEFORE, DURING,
and AFTER
COOKING

Source:
LetSetGoVlogs. (Jan 18, 2020) How To Fry Shrimp | No Egg No Flour |. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q2zZr4351E
Observing the cooking of shrimp before, during, and
after cooking
BEFORE DURING AFTER

The shrimp is gray, The shrimp slowly The shrimp is orange,

about 2 inches small, turns from gray to about 2 inches tall. It
has a tail but with no orange when cooked. has umami taste.
head, and smelly. There are also fumes
brought about by
heating.
QUANTITATIVE
OBSERVATIONS

2. Quantitative
observations
are made with
instruments
such as rulers,
thermometers,
and balances.
The results are
measurable.
What observations can
be made in this photo?
QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION
• The phone is black.
• The phone is an android phone.

QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATION
• The phone is 3.5 inches long.
What observations can
be made in this photo?
QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION

• The blue liquid is on an

Erlenmeyer Flask.

QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATION
• The blue substance is 295 mL
in volume.
QUESTIONS?