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Research 1 Activity Sheet

Quarter 2 MELC 4
Week 4
Formulating Hypothesis

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

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Research 1 Activity Sheet No. 4: Formulating Hypothesis
First Edition, 2020
Published in the Philippines
By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Research 1 Activity Sheet

Writers: Cindy Mae M. Monteclaro

Editor: Moonyeen C. Rivera

Layout Artist: Mara Jamaica B. Floreno

Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:
Analie J. Lobaton
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Division of Cadiz City Management Team:
Ma. Lorlinie M. Ortillo,
May P. Pascual,
Moonyeen C. Rivera,
Analie J. Lobaton
Regional Management Team
Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma,
Josilyn S. Solana,
Elena P. Gonzaga,
Donald T. Genine,
Rovel R. Salcedo,
Moonyeen C. Rivera,
Anita S. Gubalane,
Minda L. Soldevilla,
Daisy L. Lopez,
Joseph M. Pagalaran

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Introductory Message

Welcome to Research 1!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Cadiz City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas
through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents, and responsible
adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring lifelong learning skills, knowledge, and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Research 1 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the leaching-learning
activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) with
minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and the learner. This will be
made available to the learners with the references/links to ease independent
learning.

For the learner:

The Research 1 Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue
learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with
meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active
learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities
and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed
schedule.

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Name of Learner: ____________________________________________________
Grade and Section: ___________________________Date: ___________________

Research 1 ACTIVITY SHEET No. 4

Formulating Hypothesis

I. Learning Competency with Code

Formulate hypothesis (SSP_RS7_IPS-II-J-12)

II. Background Information for Learners

A hypothesis is used to describe a phenomenon or foresee a relationship in
communication research. The following are the criteria for a hypothesis: must state
an expected relationship between variables, testable and falsifiable, able to test
whether it is true or false and must be stated as simple and concise as possible.

The following are the requirements in formulating a hypothesis: a specific,

testable, and predictable statement driven by theoretical guidance and/or prior
evidence. In experimental settings, researchers compare two or more groups of
research participants to investigate the differences of the research outcomes (Allen,
2017).

The fourth stage in the research process is the formulation of the study
hypothesis on the basis of the study objectives, particularly the specific ones. A
hypothesis is a statement about expected relationships between two or more
variables which permit empirical testing. It is also a tentative assertion or proposition
whose validity shall be tested in the course of the research. A hypothesis ideally has
some basis from the review of related literature.

Furthermore, it is described as educated or intelligent guess because its

formulation involves critical thinking and decision on the basis of well-thought-
objectives, research paradigm and review of related literature.

Its veracity, whether it is true or not, will be tested using the data that will be
gathered.

This learning activity will help you to learn about hypothesis and how to
formulate it.

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III. Activity Proper

Directions: Read the following concepts and do the activities

Major Types of Hypothesis

1. Null Hypothesis
• a statement of denial of relationship, difference or an effect. It is
usually expressed in the negative form of a statement.
• exists when a researcher believes there is no relationship between
the two variables, or there is a lack of information to state a scientific
hypothesis. This is something to attempt to disprove or discredit.
• Examples:
➢ There is no significant difference among the varying ratio of
squash seeds and commercial feeds on the weight gain of
broiler chicken.
➢ There is no significant difference among the varying ratio of
squash seeds and commercial feeds on the performance
index of broiler chicken.
➢ There is no significant relationship between the amount of
squash seeds and the weight gain of broiler chicken.

2. Alternative Hypothesis
• formal affirmative statement predicting a single research outcome.
It is the very opposite of what the null hypothesis predicts.
• Examples:
➢ There is a significant difference among the varying ratio of
squash seeds and commercial feeds on the weight gain of
broiler chicken.
➢ There is a significant difference among the varying ratio of
squash seeds and commercial feeds on the performance
index of broiler chicken.
➢ There is a significant relationship between the amount of
squash seeds and the weight gain of broiler chicken.

3. Causal Hypothesis-
• one which expresses a cause and effect relationship between two
or more variables.
• it aims to determine if changes in one variable cause changes in
another.
• Examples:
➢ If the ratio of squash seeds and commercial feeds is varied,
then the weight gain of broiler chicken is affected.
➢ If the ratio of squash seeds and commercial feeds is varied,
then the performance index of broiler chicken is affected.

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Tips in Writing Hypothesis

➢ It should always be in declarative form.

➢ The number of hypothesis depends on the number of research objectives.
➢ There may be objectives that need not have hypothesis (descriptive in nature).
➢ Like in the objective, hypothesis shows the independent and dependent variables.
➢ If there are more than one hypothesis, they should follow the logical flow in writing.
➢ It is usually stated in the null form because testing the null hypothesis is easier
than the alternative hypothesis.

III. Activity Proper

Activity 1: If, Then Hypothesis
Directions: Use the “if, then” type and include a measurable prediction
For example: Salt in soil may affect plant growth.

If salt is put in soil, then it may affect plant growth.

1. Temperature may cause leaves to change color.

____________________________________________________________
2. Sunlight causes fruit to ripen more quickly.
____________________________________________________________
3. Plant growth may be affected by the color of the light.
____________________________________________________________
4. Bacterial growth may be affected by temperature.
____________________________________________________________
5. Ultra violet light may cause skin cancer
____________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Writing Hypothesis

Directions: Write the null, alternative and causal (if, then) hypothesis based on the
problem “What is the effect of varying temperature of water on the dissolving time of
sugar?” Fill in the table below.

Null Hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis Causal (if, then) Hypothesis

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Activity 3
Direction: Write the alternative and null hypothesis based on the given objective
below and answer the guide questions that follow. Write your answer on a sheet
of paper.
Is there a significant difference on the fasting blood glucose level of
hyperglycemic albino mice before and after the oral administration of different doses
(0.5 mL, 0.10 mL and 0.15 mL) of pomegranate leaf decoction and the control groups
89 commercially advanced hypoglycemic drug and untreated control?
a.) Alternative Hypothesis
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

b.) Null Hypothesis

___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Guide Questions:
1. What is the difference between an alternative and null hypothesis?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. What is a causal (if, then) hypothesis? How is it different from the other two
types of hypothesis?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3. What are the tips on how to formulate hypothesis?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
4. Why is there a need to formulate hypothesis when writing a research
paper/project?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

IV. Reflection
Complete the statements below.
I understand
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
I don’t understand
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
I need more information about
__________________________________________________________________
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Answers:
Activity 1: If, Then Hypothesis
1. If salt is put in soil, then it may affect plant growth.
2. If temperature is raised or cooled, then it may cause leaves to change color.
3. If there is the presence of sunlight, then it causes fruit to ripen more quickly.
4. If the color of the light changes, then plant growth may be affected.
5. If temperature changes, then bacterial growth may be affected.
6. If ultra violet light touches your skin, then it may cause skin cancer.
Activity 2
Exercise 1
“What is the effect of varying temperature of water on the dissolving time of sugar?”
Null Hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis Causal (if, then) Hypothesis
There is no effect on the There is an effect on the varying If temperature of water varies, then it
varying temperature of temperature of water on the affects the dissolving time of sugar.
water on the dissolving time dissolving time of sugar.
of sugar.
Is there a significant difference on the fasting blood glucose level of hyperglycemic albino mice before and
after the oral administration of different doses (0.5 mL, 0.10 mL and 0.15 mL) of pomegranate leaf decoction
and the control groups 89 commercially advanced hypoglycemic drug and untreated control)?
a.) Alternative Hypothesis
- There is a there a significant difference on the fasting blood glucose level of hyperglycemic albino mice before
and after the oral administration of different doses (0.5 mL, 0.10 mL and 0.15 mL) of pomegranate leaf
decoction and the control groups 89 commercially advanced hypoglycemic drug and untreated control).
b.) Null Hypothesis
- There is no there a significant difference on the fasting blood glucose level of hyperglycemic albino mice
before and after the oral administration of different doses (0.5 mL, 0.10 mL and 0.15 mL) of pomegranate leaf
decoction and the control groups 89 commercially advanced hypoglycemic drug and untreated control).
V. Answer Key
__________________________________________________________________
VI. Links and Other References

Allen, Mike The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods. 4

vols. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc, 2017. doi:
10.4135/9781483381411.

Research I Handbook (A Quick Guide to Scientific Writing). Russell N. Gorre.

Bacolod City.

n.d. Statistics Howto. Accessed December 16, 2020.

https://www.statisticshowto.com/what-is-an-alternate-hypothesis/.
n.d. study.com. Accessed December 16, 2020.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/causal-relational-hypotheses-definitions-
examples.html.
n.d. Your Dictionary. Accessed December 16, 2020.
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-hypothesis.html.

Introduction to Literature Reviews. Monash University. Retrieved from

https://www.monash.edu/rlo/graduate-research-writing/write-the-
thesis/introductionliterature-reviews on October 31, 2020

Literature Review: Conducting & Writing. June 24, 2020. UWF Libraries. Retrieved
from https://libguides.uwf.edu/litreview on October 31, 2020

Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper. September 29, 2020. USC
Libraries. Retrieved from https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/literaturereview on
October 31, 2020

Research 8_Quarter 1_Planning and Designing a Research Study: Learning Toolkit

No. 5 (The ASTRAL Project). Division of Negros Occidental (2020). pp.6
Topic Sentences. Purdue Online Writing Lab: College of Liberal Arts. Purdue
University. Retrieved from https://www.owl.purdue.edu/engagement/ged_preparation
on October 31, 2020
Write a Literature Review. October 16, 2020. McLaughlin Library. Retrieved from
https://guides.lib.uoguelph.ca/LiteratureReview on October 31, 2020