Name: ENGLISH 8

(3rd Mastery)
-First Release-
USE THE MODULE IN ANSWERING
LESSON 1-3 
Introduction to Philippine Literature
Philippine literature before 1940 can, in general, be divided into three periods: the Legendary and Epic
Age (Pre-Spanish), the Period of the Spanish Occupation, and the Period of the American Occupation.
The legendary age produced oral literature handed down from the elders. Very little of this early
literature remains, but from what is left, we can conclude that the literature of this period consisted of magical
incantations, myths, legends, and folktales. Evidently our early ancestors believed in sun and moon worship,
and worship of other forms of nature. They also believed in environmental spirits, good or bad. The mountain
groups and even some of our barrio folk still believe in these spirits.
The myths and legends explained the origin of the universe, the origin of the human races, the origin of
land regions.
The epic age produced a wealth of literature. Scholars estimate that we have no fewer than twenty-four
epics. These are distributed in different regions of the archipelago and are written in the different Filipino
languages. The ones that are better known all over the islands are the following:
1. Biag ni Lam-ang (Ilocos)
2. Hudhud ni Alim ((Ifugao)
3. Maragtas (Panay)
4. Bantugan (Maranaw)
5. Bidasari (adapted by the Muslims of Sulu)
6. Indarapatra and Sulayman (Maranaw)

TASK 1. Vocabulary Building

Direction: Fill out what is being asked.

1. Differentiate between an epic, a legend, and a myth.

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

Epic Myth

Legend
 Communication Skills
One of the most important and complicated part of speech is the verb because aside from being a part of
almost everyday sentence, the verb has various forms depending on the time an action occurs.

Regular Irregular
1. simple or infinitive call eat
2. –s form calls eats
3. past form called ate
4. past participle called eaten
5. present participle calling eating

TASK 2. Completing the Principal Parts of a Verb

Direction: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the verb as indicated.

Simple Form -s Form Past Form Past Participle Present Participle

1. smile smiles smiled

2. laughs laughed

3. slept sleeping

4. work worked

5. watch

6. swam swimming

7. drinks drunk

8. clean

9. writes wrote

10. practiced practicing