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Answer #2
Answer #3
ANSWER # 4
Frahm tachometers are particularly useful to measure the speeds of engines whose
rotating shafts are not easily accessible.
Fulham/Digital tachometers, and all tachometers, measure the revolutions of a
spinning object to determine the rate at which it is spinning. ... Optical digital
tachometers are non-contact and can be used to assess RPMs by measuring the
number of rotations a reflective surface makes in a minute.
3. Logarithmic Decrement
The logarithmic decrement is defined as the natural log of the ratio of the amplitudes of any two successive
peaks: where x(t) is the overshoot (amplitude - final value) at time t and x(t + nT) is the overshoot of the peak n
periods away, where n is any integer number of successive, positive peaks.