NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

MANILA
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT

SUBMITTED BY:
SARDILLA, Aldrin E.

SUBMITTED TO:
Engr. Patrick D. Liwag

January 5, 2021
Caliraya Hydro Electric Power Plant
Plant Description
Caliraya Hydroelectric Power Plant is the first power plant ever built by NPC.
Commissioned in 1942, this facility shares Caliraya reservoir with Kalayaan. CBK PCL
rehabilitated the plants waterway, powerhouse, auxiliary equipment and structures and
was completed in 2002. It has a capacity of 22.6 MW with two Francis vertical turbines
and synchronous generator.

Plant Component

Intake Structure
Intake Structure is located on the left bank of the reservoir at El.272.5 m. From the
intake until the surge tank, water is conveyed through a circular, reinforced concrete, 2.5
m-diameter conduit.

FIGURE 1: Intake Structure

Surge Tank
Surge Tank is of the Johnson differential type, 6.1m-diameter and raises 32.9-m
above the foundation. There is a 2.3 m-diameter maintenance butterfly valve immediately
downstream of the surge tank.

FIGURE 2: Surge Tank

PENSTOCK
PENSTOCK has a 741 m x 2.0 to 2.3 m diameter, conveys the water to the
powerhouse. The penstock is supported on concrete saddles and anchor blocks. A
manifold diverts water into two branches and feeds each of the units. A butterfly valve is
installed upstream of each unit which serves as main water inlet valve operated by
hydraulic systems.

FIGURE 3: Penstock

POWERHOUSE
POWERHOUSE contains two Francis vertical turbines and synchronous generator
with a total guaranteed capacity of 22.6 MW. The generators are connected to the main
and transfer buses in the substation through SF6 gas-type circuit breakers rated 1,250A.
Two transformers 13,800/480V feed the plant auxiliaries.

FIGURE 4: Powerhouse
GENERATORS
GENERATORS have two feeders connecting Kalayaan and Botocan 115 KV line, each
one equipped with a de-ton grid circuit breaker. These feeders supply power through two 3-phase
power transformers each rated at 22,000 kVA, 13.2 KV / 115KV

FIGURE 5: Generators
CALIRAYA RESERVOIR
CALIRAYA RESERVOIR is located approximately 60 aerial km east-southeast of
Manila. It serves as the reservoir for the Kalayaan and Caliraya Power Plants. It was
formed by blocking the Caliraya River with a dam. It has a total catchment of 129 sq km
including the 37 sq km catchment of Lumot Reservoir. The minimum and maximum
normal operating water levels of the Caliraya Reservoir are at 286 and 288 masl and its
total storage capacity is approximately about 80 million cubic meters. Surrounding
Caliraya Lake are 12 barangays in three towns: Cavinti, Lumban and Kalayaan. In these
areas are Barangays San Antonio and San Juan in Kalayaan; Lewin and Caliraya in
Lumban; East West Talaongan, Lumot-Mahipon, Inao-awan, Sisilmin, Bukal, Cansuso,
and Paowin in Cavinti.

FIGURE 6: Caliraya Reservoir

Kalayaan Pumped Storage Power Plant
Plant Description
Kalayaan Pumped Storage Power Plant was built in 1982, it is the first of its kind
in Southeast Asia and the only pumped storage facility in the Philippines. Kalayaan I was
upgraded from 150 MW to over 168 MW. Kalayaan II was built with a guaranteed capacity
of 174.3 MW the Kalayaan Complex serves as large peaking facility for the Luzon Grid
but its primary function is to provide frequency regulation and control. In the daytime, a
period with a high demand for power, the plant generates electricity. But at night, a period
of low demand, Kalayaan pumps water from Laguna Lake into Caliraya, an ingenious way
of storing energy.

Plant Component

THE UPPER CANAL

Upper Canal connects the Caliraya Reservoir with the intake structure of KPSPP.
It is an excavated unlined channel having a trapezoidal shape, 45 m bottom width, and
bank slope of 1.7:1 horizontal against the vertical. The canal, about 1km long with
maximum water depth of 6.5 m.

FIGURE 7: The Upper Canal

KALAYAAN INTAKE
The KALAYAAN INTAKE is located at the end of the forebay area and consists of
a concrete gravity structure 32 m high and 115.26 m long, having crest at elevation 294
masl. Like the upper canal and the forebay, the intake structure was built to serve
KPSPP. The intake is provided with mouth opening and equipped with trash racks,
hydraulically operated wheel- mounted gates, and a water level recording device.

FIGURE 8: Kalayaan Intake

THE SERVICE BUILDING
Located on the right side of the powerhouse, has an area of 48.7m x 26.2m and
height of 23.3m. It is composed of a steel frame structure braced by external concrete
shaped walls. The Service Building was designed to ensure the housing of the necessary
services for all the future expansion of KPSPP. At present, the building houses facilities
like offices, a warehouse, oil treatment depot, various workshops, machinery, an
emergency diesel generator, and the emergency 1 MW Pelton Turbine.

FIGURE 9: The Service Building

THE CONTROL BUILDING

Adjacent to the powerhouse shaft and in front of the service building, it is a
conventional reinforced concrete structure with external shaped walls developed on the
three floors plus the basement. The building houses various offices and the TRANSCO
(now NGCP) Substation Control Room.

FIGURE 10: The Control Building

THE POWERHOUSE
Each Powerhouse contains two Francis vertical and synchronous generators with
a total Guaranteed Net Contracted Capacity (GNCC) of 336 MW for KPSPP I and 348.6
MW for KPSPP II. It is a vertical shaft, horse-shoe shaped structure, excavated below the
ground level. The main access is located at El.+6.50 masl, through the Ventilation
Building in which at El.+9.90 masl. are located the ventilation equipment for each unit and
the elevator room.

FIGURE 11:The Powerhouse

1-MW MINI – HYDRO POWER UNIT

It is a Pelton turbine type small hydro unit which can provide station service power even
during the entire grid power failure so that the Kalayaan Pump Storage Power Plant can
energies the grid initially. (Black Start Function)

FIGURE 12: 1MW Mini Hydro Power UnitA