National Glencoe Math, Course 2, © 2015

Chapter 1: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning

Chapter Overview

Chapter Content

Chapter Contents and Suggested Pacing

Pacing
Contents
(Days)

Unit 1: Project Preview 0.5

Chapter Opener 1

Inquiry Lab: Unit Rates 0.5

Lesson 1 Rates 1

Lesson 2 Complex Fractions and Unit Rates 1

Lesson 3 Convert Unit Rates 1

Lesson 4 Proportional and Nonproportional Relationships 1

Problem-Solving Investigation: The Four-Step Plan 1

Mid-Chapter Check 0.5

Lesson 5 Graph Proportional Relationships 1

Inquiry Lab: Proportional and Nonproportional Relationships 0.5

Lesson 6 Solve Proportional Relationships 1

Inquiry Lab Rate of Change 0.5

Lesson 7 Constant Rate of Change 1

Lesson 8 Slope 1

Lesson 9 Direct Variation 1

21st Century Careers: Biomechanical Engineer 0.5

Chapter Review 1
Chapter Test 1

Total Days for Chapter 1 16

Focus narrowing the scope

This chapter focuses on content from the Ratios and Proportional Relationships (RP) domain and addresses the
following grade 7 standards: 7.RP.1, 7.RP.2, 7.RP.2a, 7.RP.2b, 7.RP.2c, 7.RP.2d, 7.RP.3, 7.NS.3.

The Mathematical Practices are embedded throughout Glencoe Math, especially present in the inquiry labs, strong
problem-solving emphasis in all lessons, and higher-order thinking excercises. This chapter emphasizes the
following Mathematical Practices:
1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.

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 National Glencoe Math, Course 2, © 2015
Chapter 1: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Chapter Overview

2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively.

3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools strategically.
6. Attend to precision.

Track Your Common Core Progress

Prior to beginning this chapter, have your students go to pages xvii-xx to rate their current knowledge of standards
7.RP.1, 7.RP.2, 7.RP.2a, 7.RP.2b, 7.RP.2c, 7.RP.2d, 7.RP.3, and 7.NS.3. At the end of the chapter, you will be
reminded to have your students return to these pages to rate their knowledge again. They should see that their
knowledge of the key ideas has increased.

Essential Question
Each chapter has an Essential Question that keeps students focused on the big idea of the chapter. For chapter 1,
the Essential Question is "How can you show that two objects are proportional?"
Within each lesson, students will answer a question that will help them develop an answer for the chapter
Essential Question. For this chapter, these questions are as follows:
1. How is a rate a measure of one quantity per unit of another quantity? Sample answer: Fifty-five miles per hour is
a measure of the number of miles traveled per unit hour.
2. What is a complex fraction? Sample answer: Complex fractions are fractions with a numerator, denominator, or
both that are also fractions.

3. Why does the ratio have a value of one? Sample answer: The numerator and denominator are equal.

Three feet is the same as 1 yard. So, the value of the fraction is one.
4. What makes two quantities proportional? Sample answer: Proportional relationships have constant ratios while
nonproportional relationships do not.
5. How does graphing relationships help you determine whether the relationship is proportional or not? Sample
answer: The graph of a proportional relationship will be straight and pass through the origin.
6. How do you solve a proportion? Sample answer: Find the cross products. Then solve the one-step equation.
7. How can you find the unit rate from a line on a graph that goes through the origin? Sample answer: Use the y
-coordinate of the point where the x-coordinate is 1.
8. How is rate of change related to slope? Sample answer: The rate of change of a function is the same as the slope
of the graph of a function. The rate of change as a unit rate equals the slope.
9. How can you determine if a linear function is a direct variation from an equation? a table? a graph? Sample
answer: The equation of a direct variation is in y = kx form. In a table, the y to x ratio is constant. In a graph the
line goes through the origin.

Coherence connecting within and across grades

Previous Now Next
Students used reasoning about Students distinguish between Students will use similar triangles
multiplication and division to solve situations that are proportional or to solve problems that include
ratio and rate problems. not proportional. height and distances.

Rigor pursuing concepts, fluency, and applications

The Levels of Complexity charts located throughout this chapter indicate how the exercises progress from
conceptual understanding and procedural skills and fluency, to application and critical thinking.

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 National Glencoe Math, Course 2, © 2015
Chapter 1: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Chapter Overview

Focus: Mathematical Background

Lessons 1 through 3
A ratio is a comparison of two quantities by division. For example, the ratio of 2 to 3 can be stated as 2 out of 3, 2

to 3, 2:3, or .

A rate is a ratio that compares two quantities with different units. A unit rate is a rate that has a denominator of 1.
Unit rates are used to find best buys and other rates with the same unit.

When converting rates, divide out common units so that the desired units remain.
Example: 150 meters per minute = ? miles per hour
1 ft 0.30 m, 1 mi = 5,280 ft, and 1 h = 60 min

Lessons 4 through 6
If the ratios are not equal, then the two quantities are nonproportional. Two quantities are proportional if they
have a constant ratio.
Cost of apples $0.30 $0.69 $0.30 $1.20

Number of apples 1 2 3 4

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 National Glencoe Math, Course 2, © 2015
Chapter 1: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Chapter Overview

or $0.30 per apple

The cost of the apples is proportional to the number of apples.

A proportion is an equation that shows that two ratios are equal. Cross products can be used to solve a proportion.

Lessons 7 through 8
A rate of change is a ratio that describes how one quantity changes in relation to another. If the rate of change
between the two quantities is constant, then the relationship is linear.
If the graph of a function is a straight line, then a constant rate of change is indicated. This constant rate of change
is called the slope of the line.
The slope of a line is the ratio of the vertical change per unit of horizontal change.

Lesson 9
When two variable quantities have a constant ratio, their relationship is called a direct variation. This relationship
can be represented by a direct variation equation. The graph of the equation is a line that goes through the origin.

When two variable quantities have a constant product, their relationship is called an inverse variation. This
relationship between the values can be represented by an equation.

Recommended Outside Reading for Students

The Great Number Rumble, by Cora Lee & Gillian O’Reilly, New York: Annick Press, 2007.
When Jeremy’s school district decides to ban math because it is too hard, his best friend Sam takes on the
challenge of convincing the school board, the town, and the students in his school that math is both necessary to
everyday life and interesting. Higher level math concepts are touched upon, as well as biographies of famous
mathematicians. Special features devoted to explaining tricky concepts or interesting tidbits are interspersed
among the narrative.
Resources

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 National Glencoe Math, Course 2, © 2015
Chapter 1: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Chapter Overview

Quick Review Math Handbook, Book 2, Student Edition

Quick Review Math Handbook, Book 2, Teacher Guide
Quick Review Skills Workbook, Student Edition, Course 2
Quick Review Skills Workbook, Teacher Edition, Course 2
Fluency Practice, Chapter 1
Fluency Practice Answers, Chapter 1
Virtual Manipulatives

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 National Glencoe Math, Course 2, © 2015
Chapter 1: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Chapter Overview

Vocabulary

Chapter Vocabulary
complex fraction (Lesson 2)
constant of proportionality (Lesson 9)
constant rate of change (Lesson 7)
constant of variation (Lesson 9)
coordinate plane (Lesson 5)
cross products (Lesson 6)
dimensional analysis (Lesson 3)
direct variation (Lesson 9)
equivalent ratios (Lesson 4)
nonproportional (Lesson 4)
proportion (Lesson 6)
proportional (Lesson 4)
ordered pair (Lesson 5)
origin (Lesson 5)
quadrants (Lesson 5)
rate (Lesson 1)
rate of change (Lesson 7)
slope (Lesson 8)
unit rate (Lesson 1)
unit ratio (Lesson 3)
x-axis (Lesson 5)
x-coordinate (Lesson 5)
y-axis (Lesson 5)
y-coordinate (Lesson 5)

Vocabulary Activity
As you proceed through the chapter, introduce each vocabulary term using the following routine. Ask the
students to say each term alound after you say it.
Define: Two quantities are proportional if they have a constant ratio or unit rate.
Example:

or $8 per pizza

Ask:
What term do we use to represent a relationship that is not proportional? nonproportional relationship

The Student-Built Glossary is also available for students to use as a vocabulary study guide.
Resources
Student-Built Glossary: Chapter 1
Multilingual eGlossary, Grades 6-12
Visual Vocabulary Flashcards, Course 2
Vocabulary Test: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Vocabulary Review
Vocabulary Review

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 National Glencoe Math, Course 2, © 2015
Chapter 1: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Chapter Overview

Glencoe Math, Course 2, Glossary, Student

Virtual Word Wall, Course 2
Vocabulary Test: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Vocabulary Test Answers: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning

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 National Glencoe Math, Course 2, © 2015
Chapter 1: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Chapter Overview

Launch the Chapter

Before beginning the chapter, send home the Family Letter and At-Home Activities for students to complete
with their parents.

Airplanes Have students complete the Math in the Real World activity on the student page. Point out that 265
miles is how far the plane travels in one-half hour, not one hour.

Have students remove the Foldable page for Chapter 1 from the back of their Student Edition. Have them cut out
the Foldable and follow the assembly instructions. Then have them go to page 92, match up the tabs, and attach
the Foldable with glue or tape. Students will complete this Foldable in stages as they proceed through the chapter.
Use this three-dimensional graphic organizer to help your students create a study guide for this chapter. Students
will tape their Foldables to the Key Concept Check in the Chapter Review. Dotted tabs show where to place their
Foldable. Striped tabs indicate where to tape the Foldable.
Remind students that it will be time to add to their Foldable when they see a Foldables logo at the bottom of the
Rate Yourself box on the Guided Practice pages.

Review Vocabulary
Have students read the Review Vocabulary section. Students should be familiar with using function tables
to determine relationships. If students have trouble using the graphic organizer to learn about inputs, rules, and
outputs, display the information in a function table instead.

In this activity students assess their prior knowledge by determining whether they agree with each statement about
concepts in this chapter.
You may want to add a third option of "I don't know" for those students who do not have any prior knowledge of
the content of the statement.
After completing the chapter, have students return to this page and see if any of their responses would change
now that they have finished the chapter.

Activity 1
Students may not realize they use rates frequently in everyday life. Rates can be sued to observe patterns, to
determine how much one item in a group costs, to notice trends, and to predict future data.
Activity 2
Use the Graphic Novel to help students learn about using rates to solve problems.
Ask:
What formula could be used to find the times for laps 16 and 20? t = 57.1d or time = 57.1 × distance
Additional Graphic Novels
A graphic novel that mimics the one on the student page with blank speech bubbles is provided as an asset as an
additional resource. You may wish to provide a copy of this page to students and have them fill in the speech
bubbles in their own words. In addition, you may want to use Real-World Problem Solving Graphic Novels as
an additional resource. These booklets contain real-world problems that are solved in graphic novel format. These
booklets also contain real-world problems that are posed to students in graphic novel format and students are
instructed to solve the problems presented in the graphic novel. Extra practice exercises that relate to the content
in each graphic novel are also included.

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 National Glencoe Math, Course 2, © 2015
Chapter 1: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Chapter Overview

Play It Online!
The online animated version of the graphic novel is Interactive Whiteboard ready for use in your classroom.
Follow-up
In Lessons 3 and 7, students will learn more about Seth's go-kart times and solve the problem posed in the graphic
novel.
Resources
Family Letter: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Family Letter (Spanish): Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Chapter 1 Graphic Novel
Seth and Hannah in the Go-Kart Race
Blank Graphic Novel: Chapter 1
Real World Problem Solving Graphic Novels, Book 1
Real World Problem Solving Graphic Novels, Book 1 TE
Real World Problem Solving Graphic Novels, Book 2
Real World Problem Solving Graphic Novels, Book 2 TE
Real World Problem Solving Graphic Novels, Book 3
Real World Problem Solving Graphic Novels, Book 3 TE

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 National Glencoe Math, Course 2, © 2015
Chapter 1: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Chapter Overview

Are You Ready?

Use student page 6 to determine if students have skills that are needed for the chapter. If you wish to use on
online assessment instead, have students take the Online Readiness Quiz.

Quick Review
Students with strong math backgrounds may opt to go directly to the Quick Check.

Common Core Review

Example Skill Standard
1 Writing Ratios 6.RP.1
2 Equivalent Ratios 6.RP.3

Quick Check
If students have difficulty with the exercises, present an additional example to clarify any misconceptions they
may have.
Exercises 1–3

Refer to the table below. Write the ratio adults:people as a fraction in simplest form.

Madison Mavericks

Team Statistics
Wins 10
Losses 12
Ties 8

Exercises 4–5
Determine whether the ratios 27 students to 6 tables and 18 students to 5 tables are equivalent. Explain. no;

Response to Intervention
Based on students' results of the Quick Check, you may wish to further evaluate their readiness for this chapter by
administering the Diagnostic Test from the Assessment Masters. Based on the results, use the following
information to address individual needs of students before beginning the chapter.

On Level
If students miss 3-4 in Exercises 1-13,
Tier 1 Then choose a resource:
Are You Ready? Practice
Quick Review Math Handbook, p. 260
Self-Check Quiz

Strategic Intervention

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 National Glencoe Math, Course 2, © 2015
Chapter 1: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Chapter Overview

Approaching Level
If students miss 5-7 in Exercises 1-13,
Tier 2 Then choose a resource:
Are You Ready? Review
Quick Review Math Handbook, p. 260
Personal Tutor

Intensive Intervention
(2 or more years below grade level)
If students miss 7 or more in Exercises 1-10,
Tier 3
Then use Number Worlds an intensive math intervention programs
from McGraw-Hill:
Level H, Unit 1, Week 3: Ratios and Rates

Beyond Level
If students miss 2 or less in Exercises 1-13,
Then choose a resource:
Are You Ready? Apply
Chapter Project

can provide additional remediation support with personalized instruction and practice.

You can also use the Pretest to assess how much of this chapter's content students already know.
Resources
Chapter Readiness Quiz: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Diagnostic Test: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Diagnostic Test Answers: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Are You Ready? Practice: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Are You Ready? Practice Answers: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Are You Ready? Review: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Are You Ready? Review Answers: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Are You Ready? Apply: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Are You Ready? Apply Answers: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Pretest: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Pretest Answers: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Are You Ready? Review: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Are You Ready? Practice: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Are You Ready? Apply: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Diagnostic Test: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Pretest: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning

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 National Glencoe Math, Course 2, © 2015
Chapter 1: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Chapter Overview

Chapter Project

The Natural World Have students research an animal or natural feature of their choice. They will write and
present a short report that incorporates what they have learned in the chapter.
Have each student choose an animal or natural feature to research. Make sure that there is no overlap between
choices.
Students will research their choice, compiling facts and information for a report. They should display some of the
information that they find in a table or graph, and at least one piece of information should involve a rate (for
example, if students have chosen a particular fish, they may include the rate at which the fish swims).
When students complete their reports, they should present them to the class, emphasizing the information that
includes a rate.

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Chapter 1: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
Chapter Overview

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