Earthquake PPT2

PORTAL METHOD
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Portal Method|
Approximate Analysis
Statically determinate structure – the force equilibrium
equation is sufficient to find the support reactions
Approximate analysis – is to develop a simple model of the
structure which is statically determinate to solve a statically
indeterminate problem. The method is based on the way the
structure deforms under loads Their accuracy in most cases
compares favourably with more exact methods of analysis
(the statically indeterminate analysis)
Approximate
Lateral Load
Analysis by
Portal Method
The Portal Method is an approximate
analysis used for analysing building
frames subjected to lateral loadings

Assumptions made in Portal Method
1. The point of contra Flexure
lies at mid – heights of all
the members.
Point of Inflection
•zero moment location for mechanically
loaded structures |Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
Assumptions made in Portal Method
2. The horizontal shear
acting in the interior
column members is
twice the horizontal
shear in the exterior
column members.

•Recall from mechanics of mater-ials that the internal forces P
(generic axial), V (shear) and M (moment) represent resultants of
the stress distribution acting on the cross section of the beam.
Beam Sign Convention for Shear and Moment

Internal Axial Force (P)
equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the
algebraic sum (resultant) of the components in the
direction parallel to the axis of the beam of all
external loads and support reactions acting on
either side of the section being considered.
•T = Tension ; C = Compression

Positive Sign Conventions:
Tension axial force

on the section

Internal Shear Force (V)
Equal in magnitude but opposite in direction
to the algebraic sum (resultant) of the
components in the direction perpendicular to
the axis of the beam of all external loads and
support reactions acting on either side of the
section being considered.

Shears that produces clockwise moments
Positive Shear

Internal Bending Moment (M)
equal in magnitude but opposite in direction
to the algebraic sum of the moments about
(the centroid of the cross section of the
beam) the section of all external loads and
support reactions acting on either side of the
section being considered.

Following our positive beam sign
convention, a positive bending moment
bends a beam concave upward (or towards
the positive y direction), whereas a
negative bending moment bends a beam
concave downward (or towards the
negative y direction).
Bending moments that produce compression in the top fibers
and tension in the bottom fibers of the beam

Structural Axial, Shear and Bending Moments
Positive Internal Forces

Acting on a Portal
Frame

Example 1

Use the Portal Method to draw the axial force, shear
force and bending moment diagrams of the three-storied
frame structure loaded as shown below

The point of contra Flexure lies at mid – heights of all the members.

2. The horizontal shear acting in the interior column members is twice the horizontal shear in the exterior column
members.
V 2V 2V V
V 2V 2V V
V 2V 2V V

Assigned symbol on each inflection point
Q V R 2V S 2V T V
U V V 2V W 2V X V
Y V Z 2V A’ 2V B’ V

Assume the Internal Forces Acting on a Portal Frame

Column
Shear Force
Consider the Inflection points at 3rd floor
V= 2V = 6kips 2V = 6kips V=
3kips 3kips
(+)
-18+ V+ 2V + 2V + V =0
6V = 18
V = 3Kips
3kips 6kips 6kips 3kips

Consider the Inflection points at 2nd floor
V = 5kips 2V = 10kips 2V = 10kips V = 5kips

(+)
6V = 18+12
V=5 kips

Consider the Inflection points at 1st floor
(+)
6V = 18+12+6
V=6 kips
V = 6kips 2V 2V V = 6kips
= =
|Charizza D. Montarin,12kips
12kips RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
6kips 12kip 12kip 6kips

s s

Column Shear Force
6kips 12kip 12kip 6kips

s s

Recall the Positive
Internal Forces +shear
Acting on a Portal
Frame
3 6 6 3
5 10 10 5
6 12 12 6

ENGINEERING|| Portal Method| Column Shear Force Diagram
Column Bending
Moment
Moment = Force x distance

Column Bending Moment
3x5 =15
3x5 =15
6x5 =30
6x5 =30
5’ 5’ 5’ 5’
10’ 3kips 6kips 6kips 3kips
5’
15
5’ 5’ 5’
15
30
30
5’
5x5 =25
10x5 =50
10x5 =50
5x5 =25
5’ 5’ 5’
10’ 5kips 10kips 10kips 5kips
5’
25
25
50
50
5’ 5’ 5’
6’
12x6 =72
6x6=36
12x6 =72
6x6 =36
6’ 6’ 6’
12’
36
36
72
72
6’ 6’ 6’ 6’
15’ |Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Portal Method| 10’ 15’
Recall the Positive
Internal Forces +moment
Acting on a Portal
Frame
15 30 30 15
-15 -30 -30 -15

25 50 50 25
-25 -50 -50

72 -25
36 72 36
-36 -72 -72
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE -36

ENGINEERING|| Portal Method| Column Bending Moment Diagram
Girder Bending
Moment

Girder Bending Moment
15 15
u als
Eq
15
15
30
30
15
15
30
30
50
25
25
50
25
25
50
50
72
36
72
36
36
36
72
72
15 15
als 15 15
Equ
15
15
30
30
15
15
30
30
50
25
25
50
25
25
50
50
72
36
72
36
36
36
72
72
15 15 15 15
u als 15 15
Eq
15
15
30
30
15
15
30
30
50
25
25
50
25
25
50
50
72
36
72
36
36
36
72
72
15 15 15 15
u als 15 15
Eq
15
15
30
30
15
15
30
30
50
25
25
50
25
25
50
50
72
36
72
36
36
36
72
72
15 15 15 15
u als 15 15
Eq
15
15
30
30
15
15
30
30
40 40
50
25
25
50
25
25
50
50
72
36
72
36
36
36
72
72
15 15 15 15
u als 15 15
Eq
15
15
30
30
15
15
30
30
40 40 40 40
50
25
25
50
25
25
50
50
72
36
72
36
36
36
72
72
15 15 15 15
u als 15 15
Eq
15
15
30
30
15
15
30
30
40 40 40 40 40 40
50
25
25
50
25
25
50
50
72
36
72
36
36
36
72
72
15 15 15 15
u als 15 15
Eq
15
15
30
30
15
15
30
30
40 40 40 40 40 40
50
25
25
50
25
25
50
50
72
36
72
36
36
36
72
72
15 15 15 15
u als 15 15
Eq
15
15
30
30
15
15
30
30
40 40 40 40 40 40
50
25
25
50
25
25
50
50
61 61
72
36
72
36
36
36
72
72
15 15 15 15
u als 15 15
Eq
15
15
30
30
15
15
30
30
40 40 40 40 40 40
50
25
25
50
25
25
50
50
61 61 61 61
72
36
72
36
36
36
72
72
15 15 15 15
u als 15 15
Eq
15
15
30
30
15
15
30
30
40 40 40 40 40 40
50
25
25
50
25
25
50
50
61 61 61 61 61 61
72
36
72
36
36
36
72
72
Recall the Positive
Internal Forces +moment
Acting on a Portal
Frame
15 15 15
-15 - -15
40 40 140
5
61 -40 - -40
61 461
0
-61 - -61
6
1
ENGINEERING|| Portal Method| Girder Bending Moment Diagram
Girder Shear
Force

Girder Shear Force
15 15 15 15 15 15
40 40 40 40 40 40
61 61 61 61 61 61

10’
ENGINEERING|| Portal Method| 15’
Recall the Positive
Internal Forces +Shear
Acting on a Portal
Frame
-2 -3 -2
-5.3333 -5.3333
-8
-8.3333 -8.3333
-12.2

ENGINEERING|| Portal Method| Girder Shear Force Diagram
Girder Axial
Force

Girder Axial Force

Girder Axial Force
15kips

Girder Axial Force
15kips 9kips

Girder Axial Force
15kips 9kips 3kips

Girder Axial Force
15kips 9kips 3kips
check@
5kips joint P 10kips 10kips 5kips
3=3 (ok)

Girder Axial Force
15kips 9kips 3kips
10kips

Girder Axial Force
15kips 9kips 3kips
10kips 6kips

Girder Axial Force
15kips 9kips 3kips
10kips 6kips 2kips

Girder Axial Force
15kips 9kips 3kips
10kips 6kips 2kips

Girder Axial Force
15kips 9kips 3kips
10kips 6kips 2kips
5kips

Girder Axial Force
15kips 9kips 3kips
10kips 6kips 2kips
5kips 3kips

Girder Axial Force
15kips 9kips 3kips
10kips 6kips 2kips
5kips 3kips 1kip

Girder Axial Force
15kips 9kips 3kips
10kips 6kips 2kips
5kips 3kips 1kip

Recall the Positive
Internal Forces +Axial
Acting on a Portal
Frame
-3
-9
-15
-2
-6
-10
-1
-5 -3

ENGINEERING|| Portal Method| Girder Axial Force Diagram
Column Axial
Force

Column Axial Force
2kips 3kips 2kips
2kips
5.3333kips 8kips 5.3333kips
8.1333 kips 12.2kips 8.1333kips

Column Axial Force
2kips 3kips 2kips
2kips 1kip
8.1333 kips 12.2kips 8.1333kips

Column Axial Force
2kips 3kips 2kips
1kip 1kip
2kips
8.1333 kips 12.2kips 8.1333kips

Column Axial Force
2kips 3kips 2kips
1kip 1kip
2kips
8.1333 kips 12.2kips 8.1333kips

Column Axial Force
2kips 3kips 2kips
1kip 1kip 2kips

2kips
8.1333 kips 12.2kips 8.1333kips

Column Axial Force
2kips 3kips 2kips
1kip 1kip 2kips

2kips

7.3333 kips
8.1333 kips 12.2kips 8.1333kips

Column Axial Force
2kips 3kips 2kips
1kip 1kip 2kips

2kips

7.3333 kips 3.6667 kips
8.1333 kips 12.2kips 8.1333kips

Column Axial Force
2kips 3kips 2kips
1kip 1kip 2kips

2kips

7.3333 kips 3.6667 kips 3.6667 kips
8.1333 kips 12.2kips 8.1333kips

Column Axial Force
2kips 3kips 2kips
1kip 1kip 2kips

2kips

7.3333 kips 3.6667 kips 3.6667 kips 7.3333 kips
8.1333 kips 12.2kips 8.1333kips

Column Axial Force
2kips 3kips 2kips
1kip 1kip 2kips

2kips

8.1333 kips 12.2kips 8.1333kips

15.4666kips

Column Axial Force
2kips 3kips 2kips
1kip 1kip 2kips

2kips

8.1333 kips 12.2kips 8.1333kips

15.4666kips 7.7334 kips

Column Axial Force
2kips 3kips 2kips
1kip 1kip 2kips

2kips

8.1333 kips 12.2kips 8.1333kips

15.4666kips 7.7334 kips 7.7334 kips

Column Axial Force
2kips 3kips 2kips
1kip 1kip 2kips

2kips

8.1333 kips 12.2kips 8.1333kips

15.4666kips 7.7334 kips 7.7334 kips 15.4666 kips

Column Axial Force
2kips 3kips 2kips
1kip 1kip 2kips

2kips

8.1333 kips 12.2kips 8.1333kips

15.4666kips 7.7334 kips 7.7334 kips 15.4666 kips

Recall the Positive
Internal Forces +Axial
Acting on a Portal
Frame
2 1
-1
-2
3.6667
-7.3333
-3.6667
7.3333
-7.3334
7.3334
15.4666 -15.4666

ENGINEERING|| Portal Method| Column Axial Force Diagram
SUMMARY OF THE
INTERNAL FORCES

15 15kips 15 15 9kips 15 15 3kips 15
15
15
5’ 5’ 5’
30
30
2kips 5’ 3kips 2kips
10’
2kips
2kips 3kips 1kip 6kips 1 kip 6kips 3kips
5’
15
5’40 5’ 40 40
5’
25 15
40 2kips
30
50 30
40 10kips 40 6kips
5’
25
50
5’ 5’ 5’
7.3333kips
10’ 7.3333kips 5kips 3.6667kips 10kips 3.6667 kips 10kips 5kips
5’
25
25
50
50
5’ 61 5kips 61 3kips 61 5’ 61 1kip 61
61 5’
36
36
72
6’
72
6’ 6’
15.4666kips
8.1333 kips 6’ 12.2kips 8.1333kips
6kips 7.7334kips 12kips 7.7334 kips 12kips 6kips

15.4666kips
12’
36
36
72
72
6’ 6’ 6’ 6’

10’
ENGINEERING|| Portal Method| 15’
GIRDER INTERNAL FORCES
TOP FLOOR
Joint M N O P
Member MN NM NO ON OP PO
Shear (kips) -2 -2 -3 -3 -2 -2
Moment (kips-ft) 15 -15 15 -15 15 -15
Axial (kips) -15 -15 -9 -9 -3 -3
3RD FLOOR
Joint I J K L
Member IJ JI JK KJ KL LK
Shear (kips) -5.3333 -5.3333 -8 -8 -5.3333 -5.3333
Moment (kips-ft) 40 -40 40 -40 40 -40
Axial (kips) -10 -10 -6 -6 -2 -2
2ND FLOOR
Joint E F G H
Member EF FE FG GF GH HG
Shear (kips) -8.3333 -8.3333 -12.2 -12.2 -8.3333 8.3333
Moment (kips-ft) 61 -61 61 -61 61 -61
Axial (kips) -5 -5 ENGINEERING||-3Portal Method| -3 -1 -1
COLUMN INTERNAL FORCES
Joint Member Shear Moment Axial Joint Member Shear Moment Axial
M MI 3 15 2 N NJ 6 30 1
IM 3 -15 2 JN 6 -30 1
I J
IE 5 25 7.3333 JF 10 50 3.6667
EI 5 -25 7.3333 FJ 10 -50 3.6667
E F
EA 6 36 15.4666 FB 12 72 7.3334
A AE 6 -36 15.4666 B BF 12 -72 7.3334
COLUMN INTERNAL FORCES

Joint Member Shear Moment Axial Joint Member Shear Moment Axial
O OK 6 30 -1 P PL 3 15 -2
KO 6 -30 -1 LP 3 -15 -2
K L
KG 10 50 -3.6667 LH 5 25 -7.3333
GK 10 -50 -3.6667 HL 5 -25 -7.3333
G H
GC 12 72 -7.3334 HD 6 36 -15.4666
C CG 12 -72 -7.3334 D DH 6 -36 -15.4666
SAMPLE
PROBLEMS

7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
20KN
7.5
3.75
7.5
3.75
15
3m 5 10 5
7.5
45 45 45
15
7.5
45
30KN
22.5 22.5
37.5
37.5
75
12.5 25 12.5
6m
37.5
75
37.5
4m 4m
24 24
8K
2.4
24
24
4
12ft
4
24
24
18 18 42 42 18 18
10K
1.8 4.2 1.8
18
36
36
18
3 6
12ft
6 3
18
36
36
18
20ft 20ft
ENGINEERING|| Portal Method| 20ft

Earthquake PPT2

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PORTAL METHOD

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

Beam Sign Convention for Shear and Moment

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

Tension axial force

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

Positive Internal Forces

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

V = 5kips 2V = 10kips 2V = 10kips V = 5kips

5kips 10kips 10kips 5kips

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

5kips 10kips 10kips 5kips

6kips 12kip 12kip 6kips

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

3kips 6kips 6kips 3kips

5kips 10kips 10kips 5kips

6kips 12kip 12kip 6kips

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

10’ 3kips 6kips 6kips 3kips

10’ 5kips 10kips 10kips 5kips

15’ |Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

-15 -30 -30 -15

-25 -50 -50

-36 -72 -72

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE -36

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

15’ |Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

3kips 6kips 6kips 3kips

5kips 10kips 10kips 5kips

6kips 12kips 12kips 6kips

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

3kips 6kips 6kips 3kips

5kips 10kips 10kips 5kips

6kips 12kips 12kips 6kips

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

3kips 6kips 6kips 3kips

5kips 10kips 10kips 5kips

6kips 12kips 12kips 6kips

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

3kips 6kips 6kips 3kips

5kips 10kips 10kips 5kips

6kips 12kips 12kips 6kips

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

3kips 6kips 6kips 3kips