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EVAPORATION
PHYSICS, FACTORS

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Preview
All matter is made of tiny moving particles
called molecules. Evaporation and
condensation happen when these molecules
gain or lose energy. This energy exists in the
form of heat.
📸 : Water vapor formed clouds just above the water surface.
© Encyclopedia Brittanica, Inc.

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EVAPORATION
Evaporation happens when a liquid is
heated. For example, as the sun heats water
in a puddle, the puddle slowly shrinks. The
water seems to disappear, but it actually
moves into the air as a gas called water
vapor.

This is an example of evaporation.

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EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

The physics of the evaporation process is

based on the process of providing sufficient
energy for breaking the bonds between
water molecules. The fact of supplying the
system with heat causes water molecules to
become increasingly moveable which results
in increase in distance between them. The
higher temperature is, the more water
molecules escape the surface into the lower
layers of the air (liquid water transformed
into gaseous state).

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BROWNIAN MOVEMENT

For changing the aggregate state from liquid

to gaseous, it is necessary to provide higher
amount of energy (2450 J/g) and then for the
melting process (340 J/g). In other words,
Evaporation is loss of water from a wet
surface through its conversation into its
gaseous state. Surface can be bare soil (soil
evaporation), open water (including river,
lakes and oceans) or intercepted water held
upon plant surfaces (interception
evaporation).

📸:An object with molecules under

Brownian Movement, © BYJU

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WHAT ABOUT
BOILING?

Evaporation is not the only process that can

change a substance from a liquid to a gas.
The same change can occur through boiling.
As a liquid is heated, its molecules absorb
heat and move faster. When the liquid starts
to boil, bubbles of vapor form within the
liquid and rise to the surface. The
temperature that causes this to happen is
known as the boiling point of a liquid.

📸: boiling water
© google images

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EVAPORATION?
COOLING?
Evaporation creates a cooling
effect. Evaporation creates a cooling effect
because when the particles escape the
surface of the water then the kinetic energy
becomes less in the particles causing the
liquid to cool down.

📸: Evaporating cooling
© CondAir UK

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FACTORS
That affect the evaporation process

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Preview
Evaporation is the process in which a liquid
state of matter (water) is converted into a
gaseous state of matter (vapour). In general
terms, evaporation is defined as the process
in which the liquid state is converted into
gas. This process requires heat energy.
📸 : Salt farm from the evaporation and crystallization of sea
water, Thailand. © Google Images

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TEMPERATURE
As the temperature increases, the rate of
evaporation also increases. Temperature and
rate of evaporation are proportional to each
other.
📸 : Rate of evaporation comparison: temperature. © Google
Images

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SURFACE AREA
When the area is increased, you actually
permit more conduction and hence in turn it
will make more liquid molecules to change
state. As the surface area increases, the rate
of evaporation increases. The surface area
and rate of evaporation are proportional to
each other.

📸 : Rate of evaporation comparison: surface area. © Google

Images

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AIR PRESSURE
If the air pressure is high on the surface of
water then water won’t evaporate
quickly.The pressure on the water doesn't
allow water particles to escape quickly as
vapor. Storms are often high-pressure
systems that prevent evaporation.

📸 : Storms, high-pressure systems that prevents evaporation. ©

National Geographic

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HUMIDITY
The rate of evaporation decreases with an
increase in humidity. Humidity and the rate
of evaporation are inversely proportional to
each other. If the air is saturated with other
substances the liquid, does not evaporate
quickly due to lack of space in the air. When
the humidity is 100% then the air is already
saturated with water therefore there is no
evaporation.

📸 : Relationship of humidity and evaporation. © shsu.edu

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Infographics

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📸 : The evaporation stage of the

water cycle. © ESchoolToday

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📸 : The concept of evaporation,

complete. © Google Images

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📸 : A developed Solar
Evaporation device, ©
ScienceDirect

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Thank you !

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REFERENCES
FOR EVAPORATION: PHYSICS, FACTORS

What Are The Factors Affecting Evaporation? - Chemistry Qna (byjus.com)

Evaporation and condensation Article.pdf (stcharles.k12.la.us)
Evaporation IGCSE Physics - ppt video online download (slideplayer.com)
The evaporation stage of the water cycle | Eschooltoday
evaporation | Definition & Facts | Britannica
The Process of Evaporation | National Geographic Society

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