Vectors in the Plane

Budi Rudianto
Mathematics Department Andalas University
• Directed Line Segments and Vectors
• The Dot Product
• Applications of Vectors
Theorem 2.1
• ≅ for any directed line segments
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵
• If ≅ , then ≅
𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝐷 𝐶𝐷 𝐴𝐵
• If ≅ , and ≅ then ≅
𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝐷 𝐶𝐷 𝐸𝐹 𝐴𝐵 𝐸𝐹
Definitions
• The set all directed line segments equivalent to a given directed line
segments is a vector v. Any number of that set is a representative of
v. The set of all directed line segment equivalent to one of length zero
is called the zero vector 0.
Definitions
• Suppose u and v are vectors. Let be a representative of u. Let be
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
a representative of v with tail at B. The sum 𝑢 + 𝑣 of 𝑢 and 𝑣 is the
vector 𝑤, having as a representative.
𝐴𝐶
Definitions
• If 𝑢 and 𝑣 are the vectors, then 𝑢 − 𝑣 is the vector 𝑤 such that 𝑢 =
𝑣+𝑤
The following properties hold for arbitrary vectors
𝑢, 𝑣 and 𝑤 and arbitrary scalars 𝑎 and 𝑏
• 𝑢+𝑣 =𝑣+𝑢
• 𝑢+ 𝑣+𝑤 = 𝑢+𝑣 +𝑤
• 𝑎𝑏 𝑣 = 𝑎 𝑏𝑣
• 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑣 = 𝑎𝑣 + 𝑏𝑣
• 𝑣+0=𝑣
• 0𝑣 = 0
• 𝑎0 = 0
• 𝑎𝑣 = 𝑎 𝑣
• 𝑢+𝑣 ≤ 𝑢 + 𝑣
• a 𝑢 + 𝑣 = 𝑎𝑢 + 𝑎𝑣
Definitions
• If 0 = (0,0), 𝑋 = (1,0) dan 𝑌 = (0,1), then the vectors represented
by and are denoted by i and j, respectively and are called basis
𝑂𝑋 𝑂𝑌
vectors
 Theorem 2.3
Every vector in the xy plane can be written in the form
𝑎𝐢 + 𝑏𝐣
Is one and only one way. The numbers a and b are called the
component of the vector
 Theorem 2.4

Jika , dengan 𝐴 = (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) dan 𝐵 = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) represents a vector v in

𝐴𝐵
the xy plane, then 𝐯 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝐢 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝐣