LEARNING

MODULES
FOR
S C I E N C E -6

(Unit 1 – MATTER)
Prepared By:
Mrs. Janette A. Alcantara
Holy Spirit Academy of Laoag
 For the Learner:
Welcome to the Science 5 module on Matter.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the
hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully
achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning source while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icon.

Key Concepts – This will give you an idea of the essential understanding in each lesson of

the chapter.

Learning Outcome - This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are

expected to learn in the module.

Table of Contents – This will give you an idea on the different lessons containing in each

Chapter.

Overview – This is a formal presentation on the building block of the lessons created.

Activities – It is a student learning; all components of the activity should focus on that

goal. This comprises activities for independent practice to strengthen your

understanding and skills of the topic.

Explanation – This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to

you discover and understand new concepts and skills.

Integration – This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new
 knowledge or skill into real life situations.

Evaluation/Assessment – This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in

achieving the learning competency.

References - This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

**The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a
separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
3. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
4. Return this module to your teacher once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies.

You Can Do It!!!

Table of Contents
FIRST QUARTER: MATTER

Unit 1: Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures

Lesson 1: Pure Substances: Elements and Compounds

Lesson 2: Mixtures: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous

Unit II: Mixtures and Their Characteristics

Lesson 1: Kinds of Mixtures

Lesson 2: Ways of Separating Components of Mixtures

SECOND QUARTER: LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

Unit III: The Human Body Systems

Lesson 1: Musculoskeletal System

Lesson 2: Integumentary System

Lesson 3: Digestive System

Lesson 4: Cardiorespiratory System

Lesson 5: Nervous System

Unit IV: Biodiversity of Plants and Animals

Lesson 1: Classifying Vertebrates

Lesson 2: Classifying Invertebrates

Lesson 3: Classification and Reproduction of Plants

Unit V: Interactions of Living Things in Different Ecosystems

Lesson 1: Interactions among Living Things and Nonliving Things in Tropical Rainforests

Lesson 2: Interactions in Coral Reefs

Lesson 3: Interactions in Mangrove Swamps

Lesson 4: Protection and Conservation of Ecosystems

THIRD QUARTER: FORCE, MOTION, AND ENERGY

Unit VI: Describing Forces

Lesson 1: Kinds of Forces

Lesson 2: Gravitational Force

Lesson 3: Frictional Force

Unit VII: Energy: Its Forms and Transformation

 Lesson 1: Types and Forms of Energy

Lesson 2: Transformation of Energy

Lesson 3: Energy Transformation in Simple Machines

Lesson 4: Mechanical Advantage and Safe Use of Simple Machine

FOURTH QUARTER: EARTH AND SPACE

Unit VIII: Forces that Affect Changes on the Earth’s Surface

Lesson 1: Earthquakes: Their Causes and Hazardous Effects

Lesson 2: Volcanoes and the Different Volcanic Activities

Unit IX: Seasons and Weather Patterns in the Philippines

Lesson 1: Seasons in the Philippines

Lesson 2: Weather Patterns in the Philippines

Unit X: Earth and Beyond

Lesson 1: Motions of the Earth

Lesson 2: The Solar System

UNIT
1
 Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures

Key Concept
Matter is classified as pure substances and mixtures. A pure substance is
classified as element and compound. An element is made up of one kind of atom,
while a compound is made up of two or more atoms of different elements
chemically combined.

Learning Outcomes

 Classify matter as pure substance and mixture based on their characteristics

 Differentiate pure substance from mixtures
 Classify pure substances as to elements and compounds based on their
characteristics
 Describe how elements form a compound and the characteristics of compounds

The abundance of materials in our world is very much observed wherever we go. Inside
the malls we see different products used to meet some of our basic needs like food, clothing, and shelter.
In our homes, things that we use to make us healthy, clean, and comfortable are made up of various
substances. Most materials that we use and encounter every day are physical combonations of different
substances.
Matter is divided into two categories: pure substance and mixture. A pure substance is a
form of matter with uniform composition and constant properties all throughout. A mixture is a type of
matter that is made up of two or more substances that are combined physically.

Activity Corner
Try to classify the materials as pure substances or mixtures on page 27 of your book. Write
your answers in the appropriate column in the chart below.

Pure Substance Mixtures

 Lesson Pure Substances: Elements and Compounds
1

Everything that exists in the Earth is a form of a matter which is further defined as any substance
that occupies space and has mass. The matter is further divided into various forms such as solid, liquid
and gas. Apart from these, it is also classified as Pure substances and mixtures.

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Pure substances are substances that are made up of only one kind of particles and has a fixed or
constant structure.

Pure substances are further classified as elements and compound.

Activity Corner
Do some research on elements and compounds. Classify the following materials as elements
or compounds.

silver salt copper wire

 baking soda acetic acid hydrochloric acid

gold aluminum foil sugar

Elements Compounds

Explanation

An element is a substance that consists of only one type or kind of atom. An element is a
pure substance as it cannot be broken down or transformed into new substance even by using some
physical or chemical means. Elements are mostly metals, non- metals or metalloids.

Characteristics and Properties of Pure Substances

 Pure substances are mostly homogeneous in nature containing only one type of atoms or
molecules.
 These substances mainly have a constant or uniform composition throughout
 A pure substance usually participates in a chemical reaction to form predictable products.

Examples of Pure Substances

Gold, copper, oxygen, chlorine, diamond

Classification of Elements

Matter is classified into solids, liquids, and gases. However, this is not the only way of
classification of the matter. It is also classified into elements, compounds and mixtures based on
composition.

In order to understand the elements, let us consider examples of the substances like
Iron, silver etc. which we come across in our day to day life.

Chemists have discovered 118 elements so far. Among these elements, 92 are normal
elements and remaining are synthetic elements.

Elements can be classified as metals, metalloids, and nonmetals, or as main group

elements, transition metals, and inner transition metals.

Metals
An element is a metal if it has the following properties:
 It is lustrous i.e. it has shining of surface.
 It is good conductor of heat and electricity.
 It is ductile i.e. it can be drawn into wires.
 It is malleable i.e. it can be beaten into thin sheets.
 It is solid at room temperature.
  It has a tendency to lose one or more electrons.

Exceptions:

Mercury and Gallium are liquids at room temperature. Zinc is not malleable and ductile.

Nonmetals

An element is a non-metal if it has the following properties.

 It has no luster.
 It is a bad conductor of heat and electricity.
 It is not ductile.
 It is not malleable.
 It has a tendency to gain one or more electrons.
 It is a liquid or gas or a brittle solid at room temperature.

Metalloids

Examples of Metalloids

 Boron > Silicon > Germanium

 Arsenic > Antimony > Tellurium
 Polonium > Astatine

Read also page 29-31 in your textbook.

Compounds

A compound is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically
bonded together.

Kinds of Compounds

An acid is a substance

Bases

Activity 1.1

Comparing Acids and Bases

I. Problem:
How do acids and bases differ?
II. Materials:

11 glasses or plastic cups, forceps, softdrink, calamansi, red and blue litmus
paper, ampalaya, vinegar, tomato, aspirin, bath soap, baking soda

III. Procedure:
1. Label the glasses/plastic cups with the name of materials or substances.
 2. Place the different materials in the different containers. Note that powder
substances should be dissolved in water.
3. Place some water in one glass. This water will be used to rinse the forceps
every time you use a litmus paper.
4. Feel the different substances. Record your observation in the Observation
Table.
5. Prepare 10 strips of red litmus paper. Dip each red litmus paper in the
different substances. Observe the changes in color. Record your
observation.
6. Prepare 10 strips of blue litmus paper. Dip each litmus paper in the different
substances. Observe its reaction. Record your observation in your
Observation Table.
7. Classify the substances present in the materials as to acids or bases.
Table 1. Observation Data on Acids and Bases

Materials Reaction to Blue Reaction to Red Litmus Types of

Litmus Paper Paper Compounds(Acid or
Base)
Baking soda
ampalaya
tomato
Soft drink
vinegar
calamansi
Bath soap
aspirin
IV. Observations:
1. What materials are acidic?
_______________________________________________
2. What materials are basic or alkaline? ______________________________________
3. What is the reaction of blue litmus paper when dipped into an acid? _____________

4. What is the reaction of red litmus paper when dipped into a base?

5. What did you use as an acid-base indicator?

V. Conclusion (Make a conclusion based on the given activity.)

Integration
Evaluation/Assessment