LATIHAN 1 PARAMETER MOTOR

Table 1 Empirical distribution of leakage reactances in induction motors

Motor class Description X1 /(X1 +X2) X2 /(X1 +X2)

A Normal starting torque, normal starting current 0.5 0.5
B Normal starting torque, low starting current 0.4 0.6
C High starting torque, low starting current 0.3 0.7
D High starting torque, high slip 0.5 0.5
Wound rotor Performance varies with rotor resistance 0.5 0.5
Source: IEEE Standard 112
[1] Soemarwanto, Hery Purnomo, 2000, Mesin Elektrik 1, Univ. Brawijaya
[2] Fitzgerald A.E.,cs., 2003, Electric Machinery, Edt.-6, Mc. GrawHill

Contoh
Motor induksi 3 fasa hubungan bintang (data dari plat nama): 7,5-hp, 220-V, 19-A, 1450rpm, 4 kutub dengan rotor
sangkar ganda (double-squirrel-cage rotor) class C (high-starting-torque, low-starting current):

Tentukan parameter motor

Test 1: No-load test, Tegangan,V = 219 V line-line, Arus fasa Inl = 5.70 A, Power Pnl =380 W
Test 2: Blocked-rotor test, Tegangan Vbl = 67 V line-line, Arus fasa lbl = 19 A, Power Pbl = 981 W
Test 3: Resistansi dc per stator /fasa (pengukuran dengan tegangan dc setelah test 2) R1 = 0,262 Ω
Perhitungan:
219 𝑉
Impedansi motor per fasa tanpa beban: 𝑍𝑛𝑙 = = 22,18 Ω/𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑎 (1.1)
√3×5,7 𝐴

Reaktansi motor per fasa tanpa beban: 𝑋𝑛𝑙 = √𝑍𝑛𝑙 2 − 𝑅12 = √22,182 − 0.2622 = 22,2 Ω/𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑎
𝑉𝑏𝑙 67 𝑉
Rotor terkunci: Impedansi, 𝑍𝑏𝑙 = = = 2,036 Ω/𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑎 (1.2)
√3 ×𝐼𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 √3×19 𝐴

𝑃𝑏𝑙 981 𝑊
Resistansi, 𝑅𝑏𝑙 = = = 0,906 Ω/fasa (1.3)
3×𝐼𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 2 3× 192 𝐴

Reaktansi, 𝑋𝑏𝑙 = √𝑍𝑏𝑙 2 − 𝑅𝑏𝑙 2 = √2,0362 − 0,9062 = 1,823 Ω/𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑎

dari tabel 1, motor klas C: X1 /(X1 +X2) = 0,3 dan X2 /(X1 +X2) = 0,7

sedang, X1 + X2 = Xbl

maka, X1 = 0,3× 1,823Ω = 0,547 Ω/fasa

X2 = 0,7× 1,823Ω = 1,276 Ω/fasa

Reaktansi pemagnit, Xm = Xnl – X1 = 22,2Ω – 0,547Ω = 21,65Ω (1.4)

𝑥2 +𝑋𝑚 2 1,276 + 21,65 2

𝑅2 = (𝑅𝑏𝑙 − 𝑅1) ( 𝑋𝑚
) = (0,906 − 0,262) ( 21,65
) = 0,722 Ω (1.5)

Gambar 1. Rangkaian Paramater Motor Induksi [1]

 𝑛𝑠 − 𝑛𝑟 1500−1450
Slip, 𝑠 = 𝑛𝑠
= 1500
× 100% = 3,3% (1.6)

𝑗𝑋𝑚
̅̅̅̅̅
Tegangan terinduksi pada rotor, 𝑉 𝑎𝑏 = × 𝑉̅1 (1.7)
𝑅1+𝑗𝑋1 +𝑗𝑋𝑚

𝑗21,56 219∠0𝑜 21,56∠90𝑜 × 126,4∠0𝑜 2725,18∠90𝑜

= 0,262 + 𝑗(0,547+21,65) × √3
= 0,262 + 𝑗22,197
= 22,2∠89,3𝑜
= 122,76∠0,7𝑜 𝑉

𝑗𝑋𝑚 (𝑅1+𝑗𝑋1 )
Impedansi a b, 𝑍𝑎𝑏 = 𝑗𝑋𝑚+ (𝑅1+𝑗𝑋1 )
(1.8)

21,56∠90𝑜 × 0,61∠64,4𝑜 5,65∠154,4𝑜

= 22,2∠89,3𝑜
= 22,2∠89,3𝑜
= 0,2544∠65,1𝑜 = 0,107 + 𝑗0,23 Ω

Gambar 2. Rangkaian Pengganti Motor Induksi [1]

̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑉𝑎𝑏
Arus Rotor, 𝐼̅2 = 𝑅2 (1.9)
(𝑅𝑎𝑏 + ) + 𝑗(𝑋𝑎𝑏+ 𝑋2 )
𝑠

𝑉𝑎𝑏 122,76 122,76

𝐼2 = 2
= 2
= √(483,375 + 2,268) = 5,57𝐴 (1.10)
√(𝑅𝑎𝑏 + 𝑅2) + (𝑋𝑎𝑏+ 𝑋2 )2 √(0,107 + 0,722) + (0,23+ 1,276)2
𝑠 0,033

1−𝑠
Daya mekanik, 𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑘𝑛 = 3 × (𝐼2 )2 × 𝑅2 ( 𝑠
) (1.11)

1−0,033
= 3(5,57)2 × 0,722 ( ) = 93 × 21,16 = 1967,6 𝑊
0,033

(hasil lebih kecil dari nilai 7,5hp×746 W = 5595 W, maka mesin harus di “repair” )
Kasus;1. Kegagalan isolasi kumparan fasa atau antar fasa (R1 mengeci sehinggal . . . .)
2, Kerusakan pada bearing (rugi gesek membesar sehingga . . . .)
𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑘
Torsi mekanik, 𝑇𝑚𝑒𝑘𝑛 = 𝑛 (1.12)
2𝜋 𝑟
60

1967,6 𝑊
= = 12,96 𝑁𝑚
1450 𝑟𝑝𝑚
2𝜋 60

Latihan:

1. Hitung Daya-mekanik, dan simpulkan untuk keluarkan rekomendasi pada contoh ganti test blocked-rotor:
1. (Untuk nomor NIM gasal), Tegangan Vbl = 25 V line-line, Arus fasa lbl = 19 A, Power Pbl = 485 W
2. (Untuk nomor NIM genap), Tegangan Vbl = 40 V line-line, Arus fasa lbl = 19 A, Power Pbl = 480 W
2. Gambar rangkaian pengukuran hal tersebut