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LESSON 2: POEM

Let’s warm Up!

Research on what makes the battle of Bataan famous. Write what you have researched
on the spaces provided.

The Bataan Death March during the battle of Bataan on April 1942 became famous
throughout the history. The day after Japan bombed the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, on
December 7, 1941, the Japanese invasion of the Philippines began. Within a month, the
Japanese had captured Manila, the capital of the Philippines, and the American and Filipino
defenders of Luzon (the island on which Manila is located) were forced to retreat to the Bataan
Peninsula. For the next three months, the combined U.S.-Filipino army held out despite a lack
of naval and air support. Finally, on April 9, with his forces crippled by starvation and disease,
U.S. General Edward King Jr. (1884-1958), surrendered his approximately 75,000 troops at
Bataan.

Bataan Death March: April 1942: The surrendered Filipinos and Americans soon were
rounded up by the Japanese and forced to march some 65 miles from Mariveles, on the
southern end of the Bataan Peninsula, to San Fernando. The men were divided into groups of
approximately 100, and the march typically took each group around five days to complete. The
exact figures are unknown, but it is believed that thousands of troops died because of the
brutality of their captors, who starved and beat the marchers, and bayoneted those too weak to
walk. Survivors were taken by rail from San Fernando to prisoner-of-war camps, where
thousands more died from disease, mistreatment and starvation.

Bataan Death March: Aftermath: America avenged its defeat in the Philippines with
the invasion of the island of Leyte in October 1944. General Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964),
who in 1942 had famously promised to return to the Philippines, made good on his word. In
February 1945, U.S.-Filipino forces recaptured the Bataan Peninsula, and Manila was liberated
in early March. After the war, an American military tribunal tried Lieutenant General Homma
Masaharu, commander of the Japanese invasion forces in the Philippines. He was held
responsible for the death march, a war crime, and was executed by firing squad on April 3,
1946.

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/bataan-death-march
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MINDANAO
The National Center for Teacher Education
Multicultural Education Hub
Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur

Let’s Do It!

1. Who is the narrator of the poem? What has made him restless?

The narrator of the poem is the Author itself, Amando T. Daguio. He

became restless thinking about the people who have sacrificed their lives just to experience this
freedom we are experiencing right now, that was almost forgotten within ourselves today.

2. What emotions are expressed in the first stanza? List the words to express the emotions.

Emotions Words to express the emotions

Tired / sad “I have been restless thinking”
bitterness “they cannot feel”
hatred “their honor is only known to us, we honor them to make us feel”

3. Point out the paradoxes in the third stanza

The paradoxes found in the third stanza are “we must satisfy them, but we
are satisfying ourselves”

4. What phrases are repeated in the poem? What is the purpose of the repetition?

The phrases that repeated in the poem can be found in fourth seventh
stanza “there’s no enemy more than ourselves” . It has been used to emphasized a feeling or idea
or develop a sense of urgency. It also emphasizes the person who have sacrificed their lives
while they are still in the cruelty that now became a history for all, and it seems we are not
worthy of those sacrifice because we almost forget them and do not value their pains.

5. What effect does a series of questions have on the reader?

It made the reader feel the emotion of the author while reminiscing the
soldiers and all the people who have sacrificed their lives in the battle just to peace and freedom
for Filipinos. That series of questions also would encourage the reader to dig deeper what was
the mystery behind it. In addition it would help the readers digest what was the purpose of
writing this poem that may reflect on the history of our country.

6. Discuss the styles of the writer.

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The writer uses repetition of phrases, using figurative of language and

series of questions in order to give encouragement to the readers and give them insights
on what was the stories all about. Every stanzas also have unique impact to the point that
it conveys the audience to feel the emotion, and dedication of writer while making this
poem.

7. Make a slogan as an advocacy to stop war and promote peace.

When PEACE is there:

Nations will be united,
Smiles will plaster in many faces
Pure intentions are always appreciated
And abundant blessings from the Lord will be given to
celebrate that wonderful success!
 PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
MINDANAO
The National Center for Teacher Education
Multicultural Education Hub
Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur

LESSON 2: SHORT STORY

Let’s Warm Up!

“ Freedom cannot be achieved unless women have been emancipated from all kinds of oppression”
– NELSON MANDELA

What is the meaning of this quote?

This quote highlights, the gender equality and opening the door for woman’s empowerment.
Mandela
Researchused
onthis
thequote
life oftoNick
help Joaquin
us understand thatinwomen
and fill shouldorganizer
the graphic be out from the cruel exercise of
below.
authority, where economics and politics are male driven and dominated. A woman can be called that
she is free, when she was given the opportunity, and rights as what men already have. Women
continue to fight increasingly intersecting struggles of race, gender and class according to Mandela,
so it lead me to the idea that this quote empowers the right of women to live freely, and achieve their
rights as what men have.
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The National Center for Teacher Education
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Author’s Name: Nicomedes “Nick” Joaquín y Márquez

Early Life: Nicomedes “Nick” Joaquín y Márquez, fondly

called “Onching” by close family and friends was born on
May 4, 1917 in Pacó, Manila.

Nick Joaquín attended Pacó Elementary School and went to

Mapa High School for secondary education. However, in his
third year informed his mother that he wanted to drop out
because he felt that the classroom was too confined for him
and that he learned more outside of it. After leaving school,
Photo Source:
Joaquín worked as an apprentice in a bakery in Pasay and
later on in the publishing company TVT. Very early on,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Joaquin
Joaquín was already exploring his literary voice. At age 17,
he published his first English poem about Don Quixote, in the
Major Accomplishments:
literary section of the pre-World War II Tribune, where he
worked as a proofreader.
The awards and prizes he has received include:
Joaquín died of cardiac arrest in the early morning of April Republic Cultural Heritage Award (1961);
29, 2004, at his home in San Juan, Metro Manila. He was then Stonehill Award for the Novel (1960);
editor of Philippine Graphic magazine, where he worked with first prize, Philippines Free Press Short Story
Juan P. Dayang, the magazine's first publisher. Contest (1949);
first prize, Palance Memorial Award (1957-58);
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Joaquin
Jose Garcia Villa's honor roll (1940);
and the National Artist Award (1976).
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Joaquin

Other Works:

The novel The Woman Who Had Two Navels (1961) examines his country’s various heritages. A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino
(1966), a celebrated play, attempts to reconcile historical events with dynamic change. The Aquinos of Tarlac: An Essay on
History as Three Generations (1983) presents a biography of Benigno Aquino, the assassinated presidential candidate. The action
of the novel Cave and Shadows (1983) occurs in the period of martial law under Ferdinand Marcos. Joaquin’s other works include
the short-story collections Tropical Gothic (1972) and Stories for Groovy Kids (1979), the play Tropical Baroque (1979), and the
collections of poetry The Ballad of the Five Battles (1981) and Collected Verse (1987). Joaquin’s later works are mostly
nonfiction, including Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young (1990), The D.M. Guevara Story (1993), and Mr. F.E.U., the
Culture Hero That Was Nicanor Reyes (1995). Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nick-Joaquin
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MINDANAO
The National Center for Teacher Education
Multicultural Education Hub
Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur

3 Interesting Facts:

1. Nick Joaquin refused to give the exact date of his birth, saying that he did not want people coming over to
celebrate his birthday. Conflicting sources cite May 4 or September 17, 1917 as his birthday. But he was named
after Saint Nicomedes, whose feast day falls on May 4, so we can deduce that that is his real birth date.
2. Nick Joaquin Dropped Out of School. Leocadio( His father) died when Joaquin was only 12 years old and just
about to start high school. Although he was a very intelligent student, he found no passion in the confines of
curriculum and classroom learning. When he told his mother that he wanted to leave school, in his third year of
high school, Salome was nothing but heartbroken, but she still allowed it. His first job was as an assistant at a
bakery in Pasay. Then, he became a printer’s devil at the Tribune-Vanguardia-Taliba or TVT.
3. Nick Joaquin Living Through the War. Joaquin’s career was blossoming when the country was on the cusp of
the Second World War. When it finally came, he described the experience as something that he truly detested. As
a consequence of the war, the Joaquin family had to move from their Pasay residence to a new house in Arlegui
Street in Manila, close to Malacañang Palace. Throughout the Japanese occupation of Manila, the adolescent
Joaquin took many temporary jobs: He worked as a port stevedore, rig driver, salesman, factory watchman, road
worker, and other jobs that required manual labor in exchange for a measly ration of rice.
Source: https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/nick-joaquin-life-a00293-20190507-lfrm
 PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
MINDANAO
The National Center for Teacher Education
Multicultural Education Hub
Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur

Let’s Do It!

Complete the grid on the characters of the story and their descriptions.

Characters Description
Dona Lupeng A señora of the house who was served by Amada and Entoy She’s a
married woman to whom at first does not believe at Tatarin ritual because
she considered it as an unmanly representation of woman.
Don Paeng An honorable husband of Dona Lupeng who feared to allow his wife to
join the Tatarin ritual.
Amada Dona Lupeng and Don Paeng’s housemaid and cook, she was also being
possessed by Tatarin ritual.
Entoy The carriage driver to Moretas family and Amanda’s husband.
Guido The cousin of Don Paeng from Europe who was amused by Doña
Lupeng’s character.

1. Research on what summer solstice. Do not forget to write the source of information.
The summer solstice is an annual astronomical phenomenon that brings the
longest day of the year and the first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere (and the
shortest night). The solstice was an important cultural event in many ancient societies,
and it remains one for some contemporary groups.
Source: https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/what-summer-solstice-ncna884991
The summer solstice, also known as festival solstice or midsummer,
occurs when one of the Earth's poles has its maximum tilt toward the Sun. It happens
twice yearly, once in each hemisphere (Northern and Southern). For that hemisphere, the
summer solstice is when the Sun reaches its highest position in the sky and is the day
with the longest period of daylight. Within the Arctic circle (for the northern hemisphere)
or Antarctic circle (for the southern hemisphere), there is continuous daylight around the
summer solstice. On the summer solstice, Earth's maximum axial tilt toward the Sun is
23.44°. Likewise, the Sun's declination from the celestial equator is 23.44°.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_solstice

2. List down the characteristics of the Tadtarin practice and the feast of St. John as
described in the text. Which do you consider religious?
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Tadtarin is a ritual performed by women to invoke the gods to grant the

blessing of fertility by dancing around a Balete tree that was already a century old. It was a
three-day traditional fertility ritual involving women and held during summer in the Philippines,
where women are being possessed and act differently especially in making their husband kneel
down and give them power to tame their husband, or make it as their slave. However, the feast of
St. John is totally opposite, it is for men and their fertility. In the celebration, a young girl led the
procession on the first night; was replaced by a mature woman on the second; and a very old
woman on the third; all carried a wand in one hand and a sheaf of seedlings on the other. On the
last night, the image of the Baptist became part of the procession and the old woman ritually died
and resuscitated.

For me I considered St. Joseph feast religious, because it is what

considered as celebrating for the patron for male’s fertility. This feast also is a religious or sacred
festival in celebration of renowned saint and precursor of Christ. However, Tatadrin seemed to
be very opposite with this feast , like it was a woman made ritual which exaggeratedly
emphasize that “women should be a ruler of men” where in fact, religious scripture highlighted
that men should be superior and should be more powerful than woman. The tatadrin ritual also
was afar from Christian belief, where they dance in not caring anything doing everything they
want to do and it made me think that it portraits satanism.

3. What is the effect of the Tadtarin to Lupeng as a woman? As a wife?

The Tatadrin affects Lupeng’s perception about being a woman and a wife,
this festival is the last trigger to make Lupeng feel as though she is stronger than a man and
deserves adoration Dona Lupeng makes Don Paeng tell her that he adores her and made him
submit by kissing her feet. She also believed later on that women should be ravished and men
should adore them, in this world dominated with men. It would make us realize also that Women
overrule the society, knowing that males were known to have the rights over women during the
Spanish colonization period.

4. What are the contrasting beliefs of young Guido and Dona Lupeng in the story?

Guido, the young man, makes suggestive comments to Donya Lupeng

propping up his elbows, dragged himself forward on the ground and solemnly kissed the tips of
Donya Lupeng’s shoes. This made Donya Lupeng leave abruptly. She felt that there is something
missing to her as a woman and became jealous and curious to the Tatarin ritual.
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The National Center for Teacher Education
Multicultural Education Hub
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5. What are the conflicts in the story? What are the binaries present in relation to the
conflicts?

CONFLICTS MAN VS MAN Donya Lupeng vs Don Paeng

MAN VS CIRCUMSTANCE Donya Lupeng vs Her decision to join the Tadtarin ritual
MAN VS HIMSELF Donya Lupeng vs Her curiosity in Tatadrin ritual
MAN VS SOCIETY Donya Lupeng vs Their place’s feast of St. John’s celebration

6. Read the last paragraph in the story. Who wins in the battle of the sexes- Paeng or
Lupeng? Is this a positive portrayal of a woman?

Lupeng wins in the battle of sexes because she was able to gain control of
his husband and made him kiss her feet. And I really disagree with the statement that “it’s a
positive portrayal of woman” because I still believe what was written in the holy scripture in 1
Timothy 2:11-14 “Let a woman learn quietly with all submissiveness. I do not permit a woman
to teach or to exercise authority over a man; rather, she is to remain quiet. For Adam was formed
first, then Eve; and Adam was not deceived, but the woman was deceived and became a
transgressor” that means that it is not good for a woman to rule with man, especially what Dona
Lupeng showed in the story is not the sacred representation of woman where in fact woman
should behave in a proper and most behave manner.

7. Research on the characteristics of the gothic. In what sense is “The Summer Solstice
Gothic”? What is the role of the religious in the gothic?

Sometimes in the Gothic, religion is evaluated in terms of its relative

deviation from rationality, which was a valued attribute for the new definitions of the proper
English person. Methodists, for example, who were too passionate and exhibited too much fervor
in their religious ecstasies, therefore Methodism wasn't good for the proper English person. The
Gothic also explored religion in terms of history, critiquing the reasoning for the crusades,
inflating the horrors of the inquisition in service of anti-Catholic rhetoric, comparing the strength
of Christian piety to demonic temptation, and questioning the role of religion in education.

The obvious early example of a Gothic novel investigating religion is

Matthew Lewis' The Monk (1796). The setting of most of the story is the Church of the
Capuchins and its associated monastery, which is separated from a convent by a garden and
cemetery. Crypts beneath the church allow the most despicable acts to occur beneath the feet of
the faithful. While God seems to be absent, Lucifer himself shows up at the end to take credit for
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most of the wickedness in the novel. Members of the clergy are powerless due to their distance
(the Pope), evil due to their vindictive cruelty (the Abbess), complicit in widespread terrorism
(the inquisitors) or violent in their sexual depravities (Ambrosio). Practices of the clergy in The
Monk sometimes seem to border on paganism and idolatry, in that they focus overmuch on
physical and expensive representations of religious icons, such as Ambrosio's painting of the
Madonna, and portray the saints similarly to the pagan gods.

As the Gothic evolved, religion became more and more striking in its
presence and absence in Gothic literature. In Dracula, religion features prominently in the fight
against the vampire – Van Helsing, Harker and Mina frequently invoke the name of God for
supernatural and divine aid against the power of Dracula. Yet, there is also a disturbing sense
that God is strangely absent, or at best, distant, within the novel. God’s power seems limited –
captured and contained within material shapes and symbols such as the Host, Indulgences, and
the Crucifix. The men who hunt down Dracula are dependent on the trappings of religion without
true substance. Religion thus becomes reduced to transferable property. In this, Stoker is similar
to Lewis in his critique of religion.

Source:
https://epublications.marquette.edu/gothic_religion/#:~:text=As%20the%20Gothic%20evolved%
2C%20religion,against%20the%20power%20of%20Dracula.

8. Recall and reflect on personal encounter of conflict with the opposite sex. Write down an
account of this creatively depicting the mood, with the use of imagery or methapor.

I was in my primary school that time, it was an early Monday morning

when our teacher asked us to clean all the scattered pieces of paper on the floor before we will
going to start our class. Everyone seemed to be a working bees and became as fast as lightning
doing their work because our teacher was very angry, and it was like anytime she can throw her
loud shout on us. While I was seriously cleaning, and sweeping the old chair filled with dusts
and crumpled papers, one of my boy classmate came closer and kiss my cheeks. I was very angry
that time and slap his chubby cheeks and cried out of frustration. Eventhough I was still young,
and innocent that time I already know what is wrong and what is good. I told my mother what
happened and she too became angry because according to her that would be a sacred thing that
should be done once you are married, I felt too much discouragement that time for myself and
everytime I could see boys in our school I would really choose to go away and sit at the place
where there is no boys near in me. That conflict also made me realize that it is not really good
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joining with men even though you are with friends or someone because we didn’t know what
kind of men we are interacting with.