afnd}qL z}lIfs k"jf{wf/sf] cj:yf / ;'wf/sf pkfox?

kl/R5]b – Ps

kl/ro

! cWoogsf] k[i7e"ld

afnaflnsfx¿sf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s tyf ;+j]UffTds kIfnfO{{ Wofg lbP/

cfjZos jftfj/0f tyf kf7\o;fdfu|L tof/ ul/Psf] x'G5 . afnaflnsfsf]
hLjg;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw /fVg] u/L lzIf0f l;sfOnfO{{ afnd}qL
agfpg' afnd}qL ljBfnosf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ ljz]iftf xf] . afnaflnsfx¿df
l;h{gfTdstf tyf af}l4s Ifdtf ljsf; u/fpg afnd}qL ljBfnon] ;xof]u
u5{ . afnaflnsfx¿nfO{{ pgLx¿sf] hfthflt, wd{, eifff, ;Dk|bfo tyf
cfly{s, ;fdflhs, c;dfgtfnfO{{ cfwf/ glnO{ ljgf e]befj Jojxf/ ul/g'
afnd}qL ljBfnosf] d'Vo nIf0f xf] ;fy} afnaflnsfsf] :Jff:Yo
tyf ;'/Iffdf ;d]t Wofg lbO{ ;b}j dgf]an tyf cfTdljZjf; pRr agfpg
afnd}qL ljBfnodf jftfj/0f tof/ u/fpg'k5{ . o:tfafnaflnsf, cleefjs tyf
;d'bfosf] k|ToIf ;xeflutf, lg0f{osf] x/]s txdf ck]Iff ul/G5 . -z}lIfs
hgzlQm ljsf; s]Gb| –@)^*_ ljBfyL{x¿k|lt lzIfssf] Jojxf/ ldqjt,
;xhstf{ / l;sf¿ s]lGb|t x'G5 . o:tf ljBfnodf s'g} klg k|sf/sf lx+;f,
;hfo tyf b'Jo{jxf/x¿ jlh{t ul/Psf] x'G5 .

u'0f:t/Lo lzIff tyf k|efjsf/L lzIf0fsf nflu afnd}qL tyf b08 /lxt
lzIf0f ckl/xfo{ 5 . afnd}qL tyf b08/lxt lzIf0fsf cefjdf lzIf0f
l;sfOdf k|efjsl/tf Nofpg ;lsb}g / l;sfO k|efjsf/L geP u'0f:t/sf]
sNkgf klg ug{ ;lsb}g . o;y{ lzIfsn] kf7\oqmdsf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjog u/L kf7\oqmdn] tf]s]sf] l;sfO pknlAwx¿ ljBfyL{df
xfl;n u/fpg' p;sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] k]zfut st{Jo xf] . o;} d'n
dd{ nfO{{ cfwf/ dfg]/ ;a}sf] nflu lzIffdf kx'Fr a9fpg /
lzIffnfO{ u'0f:t/ agfpg ljljw k|of;x¿ eO/x]sf 5g\ . ;a}sf nflu lzIff /
;x;|fAbL ljsf;sf nIo h:tf cGt/fli6«o k|lta4tfx¿ o:tf k|of;sf
pbfx/0fx¿ x'g\ . -lzIff ljefu, @)^&_

xfn g]kfndf g]kfn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfnon] ljBfno If]q ;'wf/ of]hgf
-@)^^–@)&@_ nfu" u/L sfof{Gjog k|lqmofdf nu]sf] 5 . h;sf]

1
kl/lzi6 #=@ df u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] dfgs tyf dfkb08 tof/ ul/Psf] 5
h:fdf ljBfnodf afnd}qL jftfj/0fnfO{{ klg clgjfo{ ;t{ dfgL gLltut
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} ljBfnodf s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{{ s'g} klg
lsl;dsf] ef}lts b08 ;hfo lbg gkfOg] o;f] u/] lzIfs /
ljBfnonfO{{ bf]ifL dflgg], lzIfssf] u|]8 36'jf ug{] / ljBfno
Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{{ r]tfjgL lbP/ cg'zf;g ;DaGwL sf/jfxL x'g]
s'/f :ki6 Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'Fbf casf lbgdf ;a} ljBfnosf ;a} lzIfsn]
afnd}qL tyf b08/lxt lzIf0f ug{'kg{] clgjfo{ ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L
lzIff lgodfjnL @)%( sf] kfFrf} ;+zf]wg @)^& sf] kl/R5]b @@
sf] bkmf !## sf] ! '6' df lzIfsn] kfngf ug{'kg{] cfrf/ ;+lxtfdf
ljBfyL{nfO{{ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s oftgf lbg' gx'g] egL :ki6 Joj:yf
ul/Psfn] jt{dfg cj:yfdf ;a} ljBfnodf afnd}qL tyf b08/lxt lzIf0f
x'g'kg{] clgjfo{ Joj:yf ePsf] :ki6 b]lvG5 .

ljBfnox¿ afnaflnsfnfO{{ c;n lzIff k|bfg ug{] x]t'n] ;~rfng

ul/G5g\ . c;n lzIff cfh{g ug{] p2]Zosf ;fy ljBfno cfPsf
afnaflnsfnfO{ /dfP/ l;Sg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ ;s] l;sfO lbuf] / k|
efjsf/L x'g] s'/fdf zª\sf 5}g . l;sfOsf nflu ljBfnosf] ef}lts, z}lIfs,
;fdflhs jftfj/0f cToGt ;xh cg's'n / d}qLk"0f{ x'g' kb{5 . –cfrfo{,
@)^&_ ljBfnodf cWoog/t afnaflnsfx¿ :jefj}n] r~rn, cl:y/ / lh1f;'
x'G5g\ . pgLx¿df plrt lg0f{o ug{] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; eO;s]sf] x'Fb}g .
;–;fgf afnaflnsfx¿ ;hfo, 8/ / qf;df xf]Og dfof / :g]xk|lt a9L cfslif{t
x'G5g\ . afnaflnsfx¿n] cgk]lIft Jojxf/ k|bz{g ubf{ zf/Ll/s tyf
dfgl;s ;hfo kfPsf] v08df To;n] pgLx¿sf] cfgLjfgL, lqmofsnfk
;f]rfO tyf Jojxf/sf] ljsf;df jfwf k'¥ofpF5 . -z}hljs],@)^#_ o;sf]
nflu klg afnd}qL / b08/lxt lzIf0f x'g' cfjZos b]lvG5 . ljBfnosf]
jftfj/0fnfO{ ;dofg's'n zflGtk"0f{, afnd}qL / b08/lxt agfO
lzIf0f l;sfOnfO{ afnaflnsfsf] ¿lr, Ifdtf tyf cGo ljljwtfnfO{
;Daf]wg ul/g' g} cfhsf] lzIffsf] cleef/f xf] .
xfn g]kfnsf ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3;:yfx¿n] afnd}qL tyf
b08/lxt lzIf0f l;sfO ;DalGw ljleGg tflndx¿ ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf 5g\
. xfn ljBfnonfO{{ afnd}qL agfcf}F /dfOnf] ;Fu l;sf} / l;sfcf}F
eGg] gf/fsf ;fy o"lg;]km g]kfn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfnon] u'0f:t/Lo
lzIffsf nflu afnd}qL ljBfno /fli6«o k|f¿k @)^& hf/L u/L
sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5 .
afnaflnsfn] cfkm\gf] ult / Ifdtf cg';f/ /dfOnf;]Fu l;Sg] jftfj/0f
ePsf] ljBfno afnd}qL ljBfno xf] . o:tf ljBfnodf afnaflnsf
2
cgs'"nsf] l;sfO jftfj/0f tof/ ul/G5, afnaflnsfx?sf] cGt/lglxt Ifdtfsf]
ljsf; ul/G5 . o; cnfjf o:tf ljBfnox?df afnd}qL ljBfno s] xf],
afnaflnsfx?n] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s Pjd\ ;Dj]ufTds ?kn] ;'/lIft tyf :j:y
jftfj/0f kfpFb5g\ ,afnaflnsfx?sf] ?lr, Ifdtf / :t/sf] sb/ x'G5 /
;f]xLcg';f/ pgLx?sf] l;sfOsf nflu cfjZos jftfj/0f Pjd\ kf7\oj|mdsf]
Joj:yf x'G5, afnaflnsfsf] l;sfO pknlAwsf] d"Nofª\sg ug]
{ k"0f{ lhDd]jf/L lzIfssf] x'G5, afnaflnsfx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] hft,
lnË, wd{, efiff, cfly{s:t/, zf/Ll/s Pjd\ dfgl;s ba'{ntfsf cfwf/df
e]befj ljgf ljBfnodf egf{ ul/G5, o; afx]s ljBfno leq / aflx/ /x]sf
afnaflnsfx?nfO{ e]befj/lxt Jojxf/ ul/G5, k9fO–n]vfOsf cltl/Qm
afnaflnsfx?sf] :jf:Yo Pjd\ ;''/Iffdf ljz]if Wofg lbOG5, ljBfnosf]
gLlt lgdf{0f, of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog / d"Nofª\sgdf afnaflnsf,
cleefjs / ;d'bfonfO{ k|ToIf ;xefuL u/fOG5 , sg'}klg k|sf/sf ef}lts,
zf/Ll/s Pjd\ dfgl;s b08, ;hfo jlh{t x'G5 / afnaflnsfx?
nfO{ b'Jo{jxf/ / gf]S;fgLaf6 arfpg] sfd lg/Gt/ ?kdf eO/x]sf] x'G5
. ( 8f= njb]j cj:yL dxflgb]{zs lzIff ljefu @)^& _

!=@ ;d:ofsf] syg

ljBfnonfO{ afnd}qL agfpg'kg]{ elgotfklg jt{dfg cj:yfdf cfO|

Gh]n ;Dd klg ;Dk"{0f ljBfno jfnd}qL jGg ;s]sf 5}gg\ tfkgL sltko
cj:yfdf ljleGg ;d:ofsf vflt/ jfnd}qL jgfpg eg] k|oTGf eg] eosf
5g\ . jfnd}qL ljBfno jgfpg ljleGg k|of; eotfklg g]6 OG6/g]6sf]
ljsf;n] ubf{ ;fdflhs ;Ghfndf ljBfno xftf leq} afnjfnLsfn] lzIf0f
l;sfOnfO k|efjsf/L jgfpg] gfddf ljleGg oftgf ef]Ug' k/]sf s'/fx?
cfOg}/x]sf 5g\ . To:t} u/L oftgfs} sf/0fn] jfnjfnLsfx?df
dgf]j}1flgs c;/ k/]sf] klg ;dfrf/ jlg/x]sf 5g\ . oftfgf kLl8t ;/f]sf/
s]Gb|n] g]kfnsf !! j6f lhNnfx¿df u/]sf] cWoogdf *) k|ltzt eGbf
j9L ljBfyL{n] cWoogsf qmddf ljBfno 5f8\g'sf] s'g} g s'g} sf/0f
lzIfssf] lk6fO / b'Jo{jxf/ ePsf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . -kf}8]n @)^#
k[= @!_ o;n] ubf{ afnd}qL sIff Joj:yfkgsf af/]df y'k|} k|Zgx?
pl7/x]sf 5g . s]lx k|Zgx?nfO{ oxfF pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . sIff sf]7fsf]
Joj:yfkg s;/L ul/Psf] 5 <

 ljBfyL{sf] OR5f, rfxgf / cfjZostfnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ lzIf0f

ul/Psf] 5 <
 ljBfyL{nfO{ l;sfO k|lt pTk|]l/t ul/Psf] 5 .

3
  lzIf0f l;sfOdf ljBfyL{x? ;lqmo ?kdf ;xefuL ePsf 5g <
 sIffdf ;~rf/sf] Joj:yf s:tf] 5 <
 sIffsf]7fdf s:tf] ;:sf/sf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 <

!=# cWoogsf p2]Zox¿

o; cWoogsf nflu lgDgfg';f/sf p2]Zox¿ /flvPsf 5g M
!= afnd}qL z}lIfs k'jf{wf/sf] jt{dfg l:ylt kQf nufpg] .
@= afnd}qL z}lIfs k'jf{wf/sf] cj:yfdf /x]sf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf
pkfox? vf]hL ug]{ .

!=$ cg':fGwfg k|||Zg / k||:tfj

Afnd}qL ljBfnosf] kl/sNkgf ubf{ ljleGg kIfx?nfO dxTjsf ;fy
cfTd;ft ug'{ kg]{
x'G5 . o; cWoogdf lgDg jdf]lhd cg';Gwfg k|Zgx?nfO k|d"v cfwf/
dfgL
cg';Gwfg u/Lg]5 .
 ef]lts k'jf{wf/sf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 <
 jfnjfnLsfsf] dgf]j}1fgLs kIfnfO Vofn u/L lzIf0f l;sfO
sfo{ ePsf] 5 <
 lzIf0fl;sfO lqmofsnfksf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 <
 jfnd}qL z}lIfs k'Jff{wf/sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf b]vLPsf ;d:of
;dfwfgsf pkfox? s] s] x'g ;S5g\ <

!=$ cWoogsf] cf}lrTo

lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ ljsf;df g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf ePsf lzIfsx¿n] afnd}qL
tyf b08/lxt lzIf0f hf]8 lbpmg eGg] p2]Zon] g]kfn ;/sf/, lzIff
dGqfno, z}hljs] ;fy} s]xL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] klg ljutb]lv jt{dfg
;Dd cfOk'Ubf ljljw k|sf/sf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf 5g\ .
afnd}qL lzIf0f l;sfO dfkm{t lzIffdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g
NofO{ ck]lIft pknlAw xfl;n u/fpg,' b08/lxt
afnaflnsfnfO{{ ljBfno k|lt ;sf/fTds ;f]r ljsf; u/fpg', g} lzIfssf]
d"n st{Jo xf] . b08 glbO{ ldqjt\ tl/sfn] afnd}qL lzIf0f
ubf{ ljBfyL{nfO{{ ck]lIft pknlAw xfl;n u/fpg lzIfsx¿df s]
s:tf ;d:of b]lvPsf 5g\ ;f] kQf nufO{ ;dfwfgsf pkfodf ;3fpm
k'¥ofpg . o; If]qdf /fi6«n] u/]sf] vr{ v]/ hfg glbg afnd}qL lzIf0f

4
af/] sfo{qmdsf] of]hgf agfpg], sfof{Gjog ug{], cg'udg ug{] tyf
o; If]qdf cWoog cg';GWffg ug{] kIfnfO{{ ;d]t o; cWoogn]
;xof]u ug{]5 . /fli6«o k|f?k @)^& n] afnd}qL ljBfno agfpg
/fv]sf p2]Zox? Kf"/f ug{sf] nflu o; cg';Gwfg ;xof]uL x'g]5 .
!=% cWoogsf] kl/l;df
o; cWoog ;do ;fwg / ;|f]tnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL lgDgfg';f/ l;ldt
ul/g] 5 M
!= o; cWoog sf:sL lhNnf kf]v/f pkdxfgu/kflnsf / dfbL
ufpkflnsfsf ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf dfq l;ldt ul/g] 5 .
@= o; cWoognfO{ ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] k|f/lDes afnljsf; / sIff ! df
l;ldt ul/g] 5 .
#= o; cWoognfO{ sIffsf]7f k'jf{wf/sf] jt{dfg cj:yf / ;'wf/sf
pkfox? ;++u s]lGb|t ul/g] 5 .
!=^ dxTjk"0f{ zJbfjnLsf] kl/efiff
o; cg';Gwfgdf k|of]u ePsf zAbnfO{ o;/L kl/eflift ul/Psf] 5 .
afnd}qL ljBfno M– afnjflnsfn] cfkmgf] ult Ifdtf cg';f/
/dfO{nf];Fu l;Sg] jftfj/0f ePsf] ljBfno .
;fd'bflos ljBfno M– g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgoldt ¿kdf cg'bfg kfpg] u/L
cg'dlt jf l:js[t k|fKt ljBfno .
cleefjs – ljBfyL{sf] /]vb]v, ;+/If0f tyf kfngkf]if0f ug]{ JolSt .
z}Ifl0fs Joj:yfkg M z}Ifl0fs JoJf:yfkg eGgfn] sIff sf]7fsf] ef}lts
/ lzIf0f l;sfO{ Joj:yfkg nfO{ hgfg]pF5 .
;+lIfKt zAbfjnL
z}=h=lj=s] – z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|
;f=lj=k|f= s] – ;fd'bflos ljsf; k|j4g s]Gb|
k|=c= – k|wfgfWofks

5
 kl/R5]b M b'O{
;DalGwt cWoogsf] z}4flGts 9fFrf÷b[li6sf]0f

@=! cWoogsf] z}4flGts vfsf

d]/L kfs{/ kmf]n]6sf] dfgj ;DaGw l;4fGt M
d]/L kfs{/ kmf]n]6 -!*^*–!(#*_ n] dfgj ;DaGw l;4fGtn] k|
hftflGqs / ;xeflutfd'ns l;4fGtnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] kfOG5 . pgsf]
ljrf/df s'g} klg ;+:yfdf pTkfbg j9fpg JolQmx?sf rfxgf / efjgf
j'em]/ hlt w]/} /fd|f];Fu sfdbf/ / k|zf;s jLr dfgjLo ;DaGw :yflkt
ug{ ;lsG5 Tolt g} /fd|f] ;DaGw sfod eO{ sfddf :t/Lotf Pjd k|
efjsf/Ltf xfl;n x'G5 . o;} l;4fGtnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ afnd}qL sIff
Joj:yfkg ug]{ qmddf ljBfnodf k|wfgfWofks, lzIfs, ljBfyL{,
cleefjs, ljBfno, ;'kl/j]Ifs nufotsf ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfx? ljrdf lg/Gt/ /
;dGjofTds dfgjLo ;DaGwsf] :yfkgf u/L ljBfnosf] ef}lts Pjd\
Joj:yfkgdf z}lIfs lqmofsnfk k|efjsf/L ¿kdf cufl8 j9fpg ;lsG5 .
To;}n] o; cg';Gwfg sfo{ k'/f ug{sf] nflu dfgj ;DjGw
l;4fGtnfO{ pkof]udf NofOPsf] 5 .
CERID (2001: 25)sf] cWoogn] ljBfnosf] cfGtl/s bIftfsf lgwf{/s tTjx?
cGt/ut ljBfnosf] ef}lts ;+/rgf, ljBfno ejgsf] pkof]lutf, vfg]kfgL /
zf}rfno, ljBfyL{ / lzIfssf] b"/L, sIffsf]7fdf kof{Kt 8]:s, a]Gr,
sfnf]kf6L, lah'nL, k':tsfno, v]nd}bfg, k|sfzo'Qm sIffsf]7f cflb
s'/fx? /xg] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
dfly pNn]v ul/Psf ;}4flGts vfsf, ;flxTosf] ;dLIff / k"j{cWoogsf]
k'g/fjnf]sgsf] cfwf/df o; cWoog afnd}qL z}lIfs k"jf{wf/sf] cj:yf
/ ;'wf/sf pkfox? zLif{ssf] cg';Gwfg sfo{ lgDg cg';f/sf] cWoog
vfsf cGtu{t ul/g] 5 .
!= sIffsf]7fsf] Jojxf/ M– sIff k|j]z ;do, sIffdf rflxg] ;fdfu|
Lsf] Joj:yf
@= sIffsf]7fdf kf]i6/sf] Joj:yf M– ljifoj:t';Fu ;DalGwt
cfsif{s, ljBfyL{df ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z lbg], k9fOk|lt cfslif{t ug{],
ljleGg lrqx?, of]hgf pNn]v, cfrf/ ;+lxtf / cg'zf;g ;DalGw
#= sIffsf]7fdf ;~rf/sf] Joj:yf M– JofVof ljlw, 5nkmn -lzIfs /
ljBfyL{, ljBfyL{ / ljBfyL{_, ljBfyL{nfO{ ;lqmo ;xeflutfsf]
nflu k|f]T;fxg, af]Ngsf] nflu k|f]T;fxg, ;a} ljBfyL{
;~rf/df ;xefuL x'g] Joj:yf, k|To]s ljBfyL{ ;Fu ;Dks{ .

6
$= sIffsf]7fdf lgb{]zg M– :g]x k"0f{ lgb{]zg, 3/fo;L jftfj/0f
lgdf{0f,
%= sIffsf]7fdf 3]/fsf] Joj:yf M– sf]nfxn lgoGq0f, aflx/L
sf]nfxnsf] lgoGq0f, aflx/L xfjf, kfgL, Pj+d cGo jftfj/0fsf] k|
efj cyjf c;/ .
^= sIffsf]7fsf] cfsf/ M– ljBfyL{ ;+Vof, k|lt ljBfyL{ If]qkmn,
-ju{ld6/df_
&= sIffsf]7fdf d"NofÍgsf] Joj:yf M– u[xsfo{sf] kl/If0f,
ljBfyL{n] j'em] ga'em]sf] d"NofÍg, d"NofÍg ug{] tl/sf .
*= sIff sf]7fsf] ;+:sf/ M – k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf, k[i7kf]if0fsf]
Joj:yf, lzIfs ;'emfj k]l6sf, lzIf0f ljlw af/] ljBfyL{;+u
5nkmn, lzIfs Pj+d ljBfyL{ljr cflTdotf Pj+d ljifoj:t'
Pscfk;gdf cfbfg k|bfg ug{] Joj:Yff .
(= sIff Joj:yfkg M– sIffdf j;fOsf] Joj:yfkg, 8]:s j]Grsf] Joj:yfkg,
;/;kmfO, xfjf cf]xf]/ bf]xf]/ ug{], k|sfzsf] Joj:yf af]8{ /fvfOsf]
Joj:yf, sIff lqmofsnfkdf ;a} ljBfyL{sf] kx'Fr, ljifout s'gfsf]
Joj:yf, z}lIfs ;fdfu|L Pjd\ kf7\ok':ts /fVg] Joj:yf 5 .
cjwf/0ffTDfs 9fFrf
plNnlvt ;}4flGts vfsf, ;DaGwLft ;flxTosf] ;dLIff / k"j{cWoogsf]
k'g/fjnf]sgsf] cfwf/df afnd}qL z}lIfs k"jf{wf/sf] cj:yf / ;'wf/sf
pkfo zLif{ssf] cg';Gwfg sfo{ lgDg cg';f/sf] cWoog vfsf cGtu{t
u/LPsf] 5 .

k|yflds ljBfnodf afnd}qL sIff Joj:yfkg

afnd}qL sIffsf]7f sIffsf]7fdf lzIf0f

Joj:yfkg sIffsf]7fdf l;sfO{ lqmofsnfk sIffsf]7fsf]
kf]i6/sf] Joj:yfkvf{n / Jojxf/ sIffsf]7fdf ;~rf/sf]
5fgfsf] Joj:yf sIffsf]7fsf] Joj:yf sIffsf]7fdf
cfsf/ sIff Jojf:yfkg lgb{]zg sIffsf]7fdf
-sIffsf]7fsf] ef}lts d"NofÍg
Joj:yfkg_

afnd}qL sIffsf]7f Joj:yfkg / lzIf0f l;sfO{ lqmofsnfkdf

7 ;d:of
b]lvPsf
|=c=sf] wf/0ff lzIfssf] wf/0ff
;|f]tJolQmsf] wf/0ff
plNn]lvt cjwf/0ffTds 9fFrfnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ o; cg';Gwfgsf]
JofVof PJfd\ ljZn]if0f u/Lg] 5 .

8
 kl/R5]b M tLg
cg';Gwfg ljlw

#=! cg';Gwfg 9fFrf

o; cg';GwfgnfO{ afnd}qL z}lIfs k"jf{wf/sf] cj:yf / ;'wf/sf
pkfox/? k|:t't ug{'df s]lGb|t /xg] 5 . o; cg';gwfgdf afnd}qL
sIffsf]7f Joj:yfkgsf] p2]Zo cg';f/ pQ/bftfx¿af6 cfjZos ;'rfgf ;+sng
u/L ;'rgfx¿sf] u'0ffTds / kl/df0ffTds b'j} lsl;dsf cg';Gwfg
9fFrfnfO{ k|of]u ul/g] 5 .
#=@ hg;+Vof
cWog If]qsf k|=c=, lzIfs, ljBfyL{ / cleefjsnfO{ hg;+Vofsf] ?kdf
lnOg] 5 .
#=# Kf|ltlglw 5gf}6 k|lqmof
o; cWoosf] nflu lgDg lnlvt k|ltlglw 5gf]6 k|lqmof ckgfOg] 5 .

#=#=! ljBfno 5gf]6

lhNnf ;dGjo df ;Dks{ u/L k|yflds txdf afnd}qL sfo{qmd nfu'
u/]sf ljBfnox? dWo]af6 lhNnf ;dGjosf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ # j6f
ljBfnonfO{ gd'gfsf] ?kdf 5gf]6 ul/g] 5 .
#=#=@ k|=c= sf] 5gf]6
5gf]6df k/]sf ljBfnosf k|=c=x?nfO{ p2]ZoGd'v ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/
# hgf k|=c= sf] 5gf]6 ul/g] 5 .
#=#=# lzIfssf] 5gf]6
5gf]6df k/]sf ljBfnosf ;fdflhs, lj1fg / ul0ft ljifosf lzIfsx?
nfO{ p2]ZoGd'v ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/ 5gf]6 ul/g] 5 .

#=#=$ ljBfyL{sf] 5gf]6

sIff g;{/L / sIff ! df cWoog ug{] ljBfyL{ dWo]af6 k|To]s
sIffaf6 ;+efjgfo'Qm gd'gf 5gf]6 ljlwsf] 5gf]6 ul/ k|To]s sIffaf6
@ hgf 5fq / @ hgf 5fqf kg{] u/L hDdf !@ hgf
ljBfyL{nfO{ gd'gfsf] ?kdf 5gf]6 ul/g] 5 .
#=$ tYofÍsf] ;|f]t
o; cwoogdf k|yflds / uf}0f ;|f]tsf] k|of]u ul/g] 5 .

9
s_ k|fylds ;|f]t
lgdf{0f ul/Psf cGtjf{tf{, k|ZgfjnL / ?h' ;'rL k|of]u u/L cWoog
If]qsf pQ/bftf ;|f]taf6 k|fKt tYofÍnfO{ k|yflds ;|f]tsf ?kdf lnOg]
5.
v_ uf}0f ;|f]t
afnd}qL sIff Joj:yfkg ;DAfGwL k|sflzt, n]v /rgf, kqklqsf,
k':tsdf pNn]v ePsf tofÍnfO{ uf}0f ;|f]tsf] ?kdf lnOg] 5 .
#=% ;'rgf ;+sngsf ;fwgx?
o; cWoogsf nflu lGfDg cg';f/sf ;fwgx? k|of]u ul/g] 5 .
#=%=! ljifoj:t'sf] cWoog
afnd}qL sIff Joj:yfkg ;Fu ;DaGwLt lzIf0f l;sfOsf tl/sf, afnd}qL
sIff Jofj:yfkg ;DaGwL ;fdfu|Lsf] cWoog ul/g] 5 .
#=%@ cGtjf{tf{ cg';"rL
sIff lzIf0fdf afnd}qL Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ckgfOPsf of]hgf,
/0flglt ;DaGwL ;'rgf ;+sngsf] nflu k|=c,cleefjs / sIff lzIf0fdf
agfOPsf /0flglt kQf nufpgsf] nflu ljBfyL{nfO{ cGtjf{tf{ cg';"rL
k|of]u ul/g] 5 .
#=%=# k|ZgfjnL
afnd}qL sIff lzIf0f Joj:yfkg cg';f/ sIff Jofj:Yffkg eP gePsf] / sIff
Joj:yfkgdf /x]sf ;d:of ;DaGwL ;'rgf ;+sngsf] nflu ljifo
lzIfsx?nfO{ k|ZgfjnLsf] k|o]fu ul/g] 5 .
#=%=$ ?h';"rL
o; cWoogsf] cjwf/f0ffTDfs 9fFrf / afnd]qL sIff JoJf:yfkg cg';f/
sIff ;~rfngsf] cj:yf klxrfg ug{sf] nflu k|tIo / ck|ToIf cjnf]sg ljlw
4f/f ?h';'rL el/g] 5 .

#=^ ;fwgx?sf] j}wtf

o; cWoogsf] nflu lgdf{0f ul/Psf ;fwgx?sf] j}wtfsf nflu
;DalGwt If]qsf ljz]if1sf] ;Nnfx, /fo ;'emfj cg';f/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf
;fwgnfO{ a}wtf lbOg] 5 .
#=& ;'rgf ;+sng k|lqmof

10
;'rgf ;+sngsf] nflu cg';Gwfgstf{ sf:sLsf] lhNnf lzIff ;dGjodf k'lu
;dGjo k|d"vnfO cfˆgf] p2]Zo jtfOg] 5 . lhNnf ;dGjo k|d"v
dfkm{t afnd}qL sIff Jofj:yfkg ;+rfng x]g{] zfvf kQf
nufO{ pQm zfvfsf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ afnd}qL sIff Jofj:yfkg ;+rfng
ePsf ltgj6f ljBfnosf] klxrfg ul/ ;DalGw ljBfnodf k'lug] 5 .
;DalGw ljBfnosf k|=c= nfO{ cfˆgf] p2]Zosf] hfgfsf/L
u/fO{ afnd}qL sIff Joj:yfkg cjnf]sg ul/ p2]Zo cg';f/sf] ;'rgf ;
+sng ul/g] 5 . ;'rgf ;+sngsf] nflu ljifoj:t'sf] cWoog
cGtjf{tf{ cg';"rLsf] k|of]u ul/g] 5 .
p2]Zo, ;fwg / pQ/bftf

qm p2]Zo ;fwg pQ/bftf/;|f]t

=;
! Affnd}qL sIff cGtjf{tf{ Kf|=c=, ljBfyL{,
sf]7fsf] jt{dfg cleefjs
cj:yf kQf
nufpg ?h';"rL sIffsf]7f, ljBfyL{
Kf|ZgfjnL lzIfs
@ Afnd}qLsf cGtjf{tf{ Kf|=c=, ljBfyL{,
ljBfnosf nflu cleefjs
z}lIfs
k'jf{wf/sf] ?h';"rL sIffsf]7f, ljBfyL{,
cj:yf / ;dfwfgsf cleefjs
pkfo Kf|ZgfjnL lzIfs
# Affnd}qL sIff cGtjf{tf{ Kf|=c=, ljBfyL{,
Jofj:yfkgdf cleefjs
b]lvPsf ;d:of
?h';"rL sIffsf]7f, ljBfyL{
Kf|ZgfjnL lzIfs

#=* ;"rgfsf] ljZn]if0f tyf JofVof

11
o; cWoogsf p2]Zox? Kf|fKt ug{ ;ª\sNfg ul/Psf ;"rgfx?nfO{ ;j{k|
yd ;Dkfbg / ;fª\s]tLs/0f ul/g]5 . tt\kZrft, u'0ffTds tyf ;ª\VofTds
ljlw4f/f tL ;"rgfx?sf] ljZn]if0f tyf JofVof ul/g]5 .
#=( k|f;lËs ;d:of÷d'4f
 ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug{ cfyL{s cj:yf / nufgLsf] cj:yf .
 ;j} ljBfnodf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5 jf 5}g .
 ef}uf]lns cj:yfn] kf/]sf] ;d:of s:tf] 5 .
 lzIfs ;Ifdtf / tflndsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 .

#=!) ;do;Ldf
o; cWoognfO{ tn pNn]lvt tflnsf cg';f/sf] ;dodf ;dkGg ug{]
of]hgf agfOPsf] 5 .

12
 tflnsf #=!
sfo{of]hgf tflnsf
q l;Wofpg] ;do
m Dflxgf kmfNu'' r}q j}zfv
cfiff9 h]i7
s}lk
= xKtf g mot
; sfo{x? ! @# $ ! @# $ ! @# $ ! @# $ ! @# $
! k|:tfjgf
n]vg
@ ;fwg
lgdf{0f
# tYofÍ ;
+sng
$ ;f+s]lts/0f
% tYofÍ
ljZn]if0f
^ Klxnf] k|
ltj]bg tof/
& clGtd k|
ltj]bg tof/
* 5kfO{

#=!) cg'dfgLt jh]6

o; cWoogsf] nflu ljleGg zLif{sdf nfUg ;Sg] cg'dfgLt ah]6 lgDg
cg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= #=@
cg'dflgt ah]6
qm= ; zLif{s /sd ?= s}lkmot
! ;fdfu|L ;+sng %))).–
@ Kf|:tfjgf tof/ !)))).–
# ;fwg lgdf{0fdsf #))).–
$ tYofÍ ;Ísg ())).–
% k|ltj]bg tof/ ubf{ sDKo'6/ ())).–
6fOlkª ;lxt
^ Effiff ;Dkfbg @))).–
& :6]zg/L / hDdf ^))).–
hDdf $$))).–
cf]e/x]8 ^))).–
s'n hDdf %),))).–

13
 ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L ;"rL

cfrfo{, nf]sgfy -@)^&_, afnd}qL ljBfnosf] cjwf/0ff / cfjZostfM

afnd}qL ljBfno cfhsf] cfjZostf, df5fk'R5|] ;Gb]z, cÍ !, k[,^#
sfˆn], jf;'b]j, >]i7, rGb|jxfb'/ / l;Gxf, /fd:j¿k, -@)^)_,z}lIfs k|zf;g /
;'k/Lj]If0f, ef]6flx6L, sf7df08f} M ljBfyL{ k':ts k;n
a/fn, /fhs'df/ -@)^&, ;fpg_= p:t} p:t} 5 k|flj lzIfssf] ;+;f/ . lzIfs
dfl;s, k[i7 g+= $@ .
g]kfn ;/sf/, lzIff dGqfno, -@)^&_ k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f lgb]{lzsf,
;fgf]l7dL eQmk'/ M z}lIfs hgzlQm ljsf; s]Gb| .
kf}8]n, u'¿k|;fb -@)^#_, k|efjsf/L l;sfOsf nflu b08/lxt lzIf0f, sf:sL
z}lIfs bk{0f .
zdf{, l6s]Zj/L -@)^$_= yf? Afnaflnsfsf] z}lIfs l;sfOdf cleefjssf]
e"ldsf . ck|sflzt zf]wkq, lzIffzf:q ;+sfo, lzIff ljefu, sf7df8f}
+M lq=lj=lj= .
zdf{, lr/l~hjL / zdf{, lgd{nf, -@)^$_, lzIffsf] kl/ro, ef]6flx6L
sf7df08f} M Pd=s]=klAn;z{ .
z}hljs] -@)^#_, ;hfo/lxt lzIf0f l;sfO tl/sf ;DaGwL k|lzIfs
lgb{]lzsf, g]kfn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfno .
z}hljs] -@)^*_, afnd}qL ljBfnosf] ;]/f]km]/f], ;|f]t ;fdu|L
g]kfn ;/sf/ lzIff dGQfno .
lzIff ljefu -@)^&_, afnd}qL ljBfno /fli6«o k|f¿k, g]kfn ;/sf/ lzIff
dGqfno .
lzIff P]g -@)@* tyf lzIff lgodfjnL -@)%(_ sf] kfFrf} ;+zf]wg
@)^&, g]kfn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfno .

14
;fd'bflos ljsf; k|j4{g s]Gb| -@)^&_= afns]lGb|t l;sfO k|lqmof .
lkknaf]6 dfu{, afg]Zj/M sf7df8f}+ .
Mccain And Mustard (1999). Quality of school facilities. A paper presented by unicef at the
meeting of the international working group on education. Page no. 14, Florence:
Italy: June 2000.
CERID (2001). A study on students regularity in primary education. Tripureshor; Kathmandu:
Author.
CERID (1985). An assessment of pedagogical competencies of lower secondary school
teachers. Tripureshor; Kathmandu: Author.

afnd}qL z}lIfs k"jf{wf/sf] cj:yf cjnf]sgsf] nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] ?h'

;"rL

?h' ;"rL
sIffsf]7fdf kf]i6/sf] Joj:yf M– 5 5}g
ljifoj:t';Fu ;DalGwt,
cfsif{s -;a} ljBfyL{n] b]Vg] /uËL lj/ËL_
ljBfyL{df ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z lbg],
k9fOk|lt cfslif{t ug{],
ljifoj:t' ;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg lrqx?sf] k|of]u
Kff7 of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f
lzIfs ljBfyL{sf] nflu cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] lgdf{0f
ljBfyL{sf] nflu cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] lgdf{0f
cg'zf;g -ljBfyL{n] s] ug{ x'g], s] ug{'gx'g]_
pNn]v
sIffsf]7fdf 3]/fsf] Joj:yf M–
sf]nfxn lgoGq0f,
aflx/L sf]nfxnsf] lgoGq0f,
aflx/L jftfj/0fsf] c;/ - xfjf, kfgL, x'/L /
cGo_
sIffsf]7fsf] cfsf/ M–
ljBfyL{ ;+Vof cg';f/ -k|ltljBfyL{ )=&%
j=dL_
k|lt ljBfyL{ If]qkmn, -ju{ld6/df_

15
 sIff Joj:yfkg M–
sIffdf pko'Qm j;fO Joj:yfkg,
8]:s j]Gr /vfO{sf] Joj:yfkg,
sIff ;/;kmfO,
af]8{ /fvfOsf] Joj:yf
sIff lqmofsnfkdf ;a} ljBfyL{sf] kx'Fr,
ljifout s'gfsf] Joj:yf,
z}}lIfs ;fdfu|L Pjd\ kf7\ok':ts /fVg] Joj:yf
5.
sIffsf]7fsf] Jojxf/ M– 5 5}g
sIff k|j]z l7s ;dodf,
sIffdf rflxg] ;fdfu|Lsf] Joj:yf
sIffsf]7fdf ;~rf/sf] Joj:yf M–
JofVof ljlw, 5nkmn ljlw,
5nkmn ljlw, -lzIfs / ljBfyL{_
5nkmn ljlw, -ljBfyL{ / ljBfyL{_
ljBfyL{nfO{ ;lqmo ;xeflutfsf] nflu k|
f]T;fxg,
af]Ngsf] nflu k|f]T;fxg,
;a} ljBfyL{ ;~rf/df ;xefuL x'g] Joj:yf,
k|To]s ljBfyL{ ;Fu ;Dks{ .
sIffsf]7fdf lgb{]zg M–
:g]x k"0f{ lgb{]zg,
Affnd}qL 3/fo;L jftfj/0f
sIffsf]7fdf d"NofÍgsf] Joj:yf M–
u[xsfo{sf] kl/If0f,
ljBfyL{n] j'em] ga'em]sf] d"NofÍg
d"NofÍg ug{] tl/sf .
sIff sf]7fsf] ;+:sf/ M –
k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf,
k[i7kf]if0fsf] Joj:yf,
b08sf] Joj:yf,
e]befj -n}lËs cfwf/_
Ef]befj -hftLo cfwf/_
Ef]befj -juL{o cfwf/_

16
o; cWoog afnd}qL z}lIfs k"jf{wf/sf] cj:yf / ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfo
zLif{ssf] cg';Gwfgsf] nflu ul/Psf] xf] . oxfF pNn]lvt
lh1f;fnfO{ /fd|f] ;Fu cWoog u/L k|ltlqmof hgfOlbg'x'g / k|
ZGffjnLsf] oyf{ydf cfwfl/t eO{ pQ/ lbg'x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' .
pQ/bftfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf / ;"rgfnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ uf]Ko /flvg]5 .

cg';Gwfgstf{
s[i0f df]xg 9sfn
k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;
kf7\oqmd tyf d"NofÍg
ljifo
:tfsf]pTt/ rf}yf] ;]d]:6/
@)&^

k|=c=sf] nflu cGtjf{tf{ lgb{]lzsf / ?h' ;"rL

ljBfnosf] gfd / 7]ufgf
k|=c= sf] gfd M z}lIfs
of]Uotf M

17
z}lIfs cg'ej M
?h' ;"rL
sIffsf]7fdf kf]i6/sf] Joj:yf M– 5 5}g
ljifoj:t';Fu ;DalGwt,
cfsif{s -;a} ljBfyL{n] b]Vg] /uËL lj/ËL_
ljBfyL{df ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z lbg],
k9fOk|lt cfslif{t ug{],
ljifoj:t' ;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg lrqx?sf] k|of]u
Kff7 of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f
lzIfs ljBfyL{sf] nflu cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] lgdf{0f
ljBfyL{sf] nflu cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] lgdf{0f
cg'zf;g -ljBfyL{n] s] ug{ x'g], s] ug{'gx'g]_
pNn]v
sIffsf]7fdf 3]/fsf] Joj:yf M–
sf]nfxn lgoGq0f,
aflx/L sf]nfxnsf] lgoGq0f,
aflx/L jftfj/0fsf] c;/ - xfjf, kfgL, x'/L /
cGo_
sIffsf]7fsf] cfsf/ M–
k|lt ljBfyL{ If]qkmn, -ju{ld6/df_
sIff Joj:yfkg M–
sIffdf pko'Qm j;fO Joj:yfkg,
8]:s j]Gr /vfO{sf] Joj:yfkg,
sIff ;/;kmfO,
af]8{ /fvfOsf] Joj:yf
sIff lqmofsnfkdf ;a} ljBfyL{sf] kx'Fr,
ljifout s'gfsf] Joj:yf,
z}}lIfs ;fdfu|L Pjd\ kf7\ok':ts /fVg] Joj:yf
5.
sIffsf]7fdf ;~rf/sf] Joj:yf M–
JofVof ljlw, 5nkmn ljlw,
5nkmn ljlw, -lzIfs / ljBfyL{_
5nkmn ljlw, -ljBfyL{ / ljBfyL{_
ljBfyL{nfO{ ;lqmo ;xeflutfsf] nflu k|
f]T;fxg,

18
 af]Ngsf] nflu k|f]T;fxg,
;a} ljBfyL{ ;~rf/df ;xefuL x'g] Joj:yf,
k|To]s ljBfyL{ ;Fu ;Dks{ .
sIffsf]7fdf d"NofÍgsf] Joj:yf M–
u[xsfo{sf] kl/If0f,
ljBfyL{n] j'em] ga'em]sf] d"NofÍg
sIff sf]7fsf] ;+:sf/ M –
k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf,
k[i7kf]if0fsf] Joj:yf,
b08sf] Joj:yf,
e]befj -n}lËs cfwf/_
Ef]befj -hftLo cfwf/_
Ef]befj -juL{o cfwf/_

!= afnd}qL sIff Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ckgfOPsf of]hgf / /0fgLltx?

-cGo ePdf_

@= sIff sf]7fdf ul/Psf afnd}qL Joj:yfkg - cGo ePdf_

#= afnd}qL sIffsf b[li6n] sIffsf]7f Joj:yfkgdf lzIf0f

l;sfO{ Joj:yfkg -cGo ePdf_

$= afnd}qL z}lIfs k"jf{wf/df b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? .

;xof]usf nflu wGojfb

19
20
 ljBfyL{sf nflu ?h' ;'rL -;f]w]/ eg{]_
ljBfyL{sf] gfd y/ M sIff M
qm ljj/0f 5 5}g
=d
!= lzIfsn] ltdLx?nfO{ dfof ug{'x'G5 .
#= lzIfsn] k9fpFbf lrqx? Kflg Nofpg'
x'G5 .
$= lzIfsn] ufnL ug{'x'G5 .
% lzIfsn] ltdLx?nfO{ dg kg{] v]n
= v]nfpg'x'G5 .
&= xfdLn] s] ug{] eg]/ ;f]Wg' x'G5 .
!)= lzIfsn] /fd|f] k9fpg'x'G5 .
! lzIfsn] k9fpFbf ;a} ;fyLx?n] Wofg
#= lbg'x'G5 .
! u[xsfo{ lgoldt u5f{} .
*=
! ltd|f] sIffdf xNnf x'G5 .
%
=
! lzIfsn] u[xsfo{ lbg'x'G5 .
&=
! lzIfsn] cfdf j'jfn] h:tf dfof ug{'x'G5 .
$=
@ ltdLx?sf] sIffdf emf]nf /fVg] 7fpF 5 .
=
*= ;a} hfthflt Ps} 7fpFdf j:5f} .
(= s]6fs]6L ;Fu} j:5f}
!!= ;fyL ;fyL ldn]/ k95f} .
!^= j:gsf] nflu ;lhnf] 5 .
@) sIffdf pHofnf] 5 .
=
@! sIffdf hf8f] x'G5 .
=
@ sIffdf jf]8{df n]v]sf] b]lvG5 .
@
=
21
 ljBfyL{sf nflu Kf|Zg

!= sIffdf ltdLx?n] s] s] u5f{} <

@= lzIfsn] ;f]Wbf ltdn] ghfg] s] ug{'x'G5 <

#= u[xsfo{ gu/] ;/n] s] ug{'x'G5 <

$= ;w} Ps} 7fpFdf a:5f} <

%= ltd|f ;fyLx? s:tf 5g\ <

^= ltdLx?n] NofPsf] vfhf, kfgL, emf]nf, sxfF /fV5f} <

&= ;fyLx?;Fu slQsf] ldN5f} <

22
 lzIfssf nflu k|ZgfjnL

afnd}qL z}lIfs k"jf{wf/sf] cj:yf / ;'wf/sf pkfox?

o; cWoog afnd}qL z}lIfs k"jf{wf/sf] cj:yf / ;'wf/sf pkfox?

zLif{ssf] cg';Gwfgsf] nflu ul/Psf] xf] . oxfF pNn]lvt
lh1f;fnfO{ /fd|f] ;Fu cWoog u/L k|ltlqmof hgfOlbg'x'g / k|
ZGffjnLsf] oyf{ydf cfwfl/t eO{ pQ/ lbg'x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' .
pQ/bftfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf / ;"rgfnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ uf]Ko /flvg]5 .

cg';Gwfgstf{
s[i0f df]xg 9sfn
k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;
kf7\oqmd tyf d"NofÍg
ljifo
:tfsf]pTt/ rf}yf] ;]d]:6/
@)&^

ljBfnosf] gfd / 7]ufgf

lzIfssf] gfd M z}lIfs of]Uotf M
z}lIfs cg'ej M

!= sIffsf]7fsf] Jojxf/ M–
 sIff k|j]z s'g ;dodf ug{'x'G5 <

 sIffdf rflxg] ;fdfu|Lsf] Joj:yf

@= sIffsf]7fdf kf]i6/sf] Joj:yf s:tf] /x]sf] 5 <

 ljifoj:t';Fu ;DalGwt,

 cfsif{s -;a} ljBfyL{n] b]Vg] /uËL lj/ËL_

 ljBfyL{df ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z lbg],

 k9fOk|lt cfslif{t ug{],

 ljifoj:t' ;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg lrqx?sf] k|of]u

23
  Kff7 of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f

 lzIfs ljBfyL{sf] nflu cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] lgdf{0f

 ljBfyL{sf] nflu cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] lgdf{0f

 cg'zf;g -ljBfyL{n] s] ug{ x'g], s] ug{'gx'g]_ pNn]v

#= sIffsf]7fdf ;~rf/sf] Joj:yf s:tf] 5 .
 5nkmn ljlw, -lzIfs / ljBfyL{_

 5nkmn ljlw, -ljBfyL{ / ljBfyL{_

 ljBfyL{nfO{ ;lqmo ;xeflutfsf] nflu k|f]T;fxg,

 af]Ngsf] nflu k|f]T;fxg,

 ;a} ljBfyL{ ;~rf/df ;xefuL x'g] Joj:yf,

 k|To]s ljBfyL{ ;Fu ;Dks{ .

$= sIffsf]7fdf lgb{]zg s:f/L ul/G5 <

 :g]x k"0f{ lgb{]zg,

 Affnd}qL 3/fo;L jftfj/0f

%= sIffsf]7fdf 3]/fsf] Joj:yf s] 5 <

 sf]nfxn

 aflx/L sf]nfxnsf] lgoGq0f,

 aflx/L jftfj/0fsf] c;/ - xfjf, kfgL, x'/L / cGo_

^= sIffsf]7fsf] cfsf/ s:tf] 5 <

 ljBfyL{ ;+Vof cg';f/ -k|ltljBfyL{ )=&% j=dL_

 k|lt ljBfyL{ If]qkmn, -ju{ld6/df_ slt 5 <

24
&= sIffsf]7fdf d"NofÍgsf] Joj:yf s;/L ul/G5 <
 u[xsfo{sf] kl/If0f,

 ljBfyL{n] j'em] ga'em]sf] d"NofÍg

 d"NofÍgsf cGo t/Lsf

*= sIff sf]7fsf] ;+:sf/ s] 5 <

 k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf,

 k[i7kf]if0fsf] Joj:yf,
 b08sf] Joj:yf,

 e]befj -n}lËs cfwf/_

 Ef]befj -hftLo cfwf/_

 Ef]befj -juL{o cfwf/_

(= sIff Joj:yfkg s;/L u/LPsf] 5 <

 sIffdf pko'Qm j;fO Joj:yfkg,

 8]:s j]Gr /vfO{sf] Joj:yfkg,

 sIff ;/;kmfO,

 af]8{ /fvfO

 sIff lqmofsnfkdf ;a} ljBfyL{sf] kx'Fr,

 ljifout s'gfsf] Joj:yf, s] 5 .

 z}}lIfs ;fdfu|L Pjd\ kf7\ok':ts /fVg] Joj:yf 5 .

cGo ePdf
 Affnd}qL sIff sf]7f Joj:yfkg

25
 Affd}qLsf b[li6sf]0fn] sIff lzIf0f lqmofsnfk

 Afnd}qL sIffsf]7f Joj:yfkgdf b]lvPsf

;xof]usf nflu wGojfb

26
 cleefjssf nflu cGt{jf{tf{ cg';"rL

ljBfnosf] gfd 7]ufgf

cleefjsf] gfd y/
pd]/
k]zf

!$= tkfO{ ljBfnodf hfg'x'G5 .

!%= ljBfnodf gfgLx?nfO{ k9fpg] lzIfs ;Fu e]6 x'G5 .
!^= x'G5 eg] e]6df lzIfsn] s] s'/f hfgfsf/L u/fpg' x'G5 .
!&= tkfO{ ljBfnodf hfbf gfgLsf] sIffdf klg hfg' ePsf] 5 .
!*= sIffsf] jftfj/0f s:tf] 5 .
!(= ef}lts jftfj/0f z}lIfs jftfj/0f
@)= sIffsf] jftfj/0fdf s]xL ;d:of b]Vg' ePsf] 5 < 5 eg] s] s] ;d:of
b]Vg' ePsf] 5 .
!)= u[xsfo{ /fd|f] ;Fu k/LIf0f u/]/ ;'emfj lbg'x'G5 .
#= aRrfx? Jf:g] j]~r s:tf 5g .
%= lzIfsn] k'/f ;do k9fpg' x'G5 .
^= tkfO{sf] jRrf ljBfno hfg v'zL x'G5g\ .
&= lzIfsx?n] u[xsfo{ lbg' x'G5 .
*+ olb x'Fb}g eg] lsg x'b}g .
*= u[xsfo{ /fd|f] ;Fu lzIfsn] x]g{'x'G5 .
(= lzIfsn] u[xsfo{ gug{]nfO{ s] ug{' x'G5 .
!!= lzIfsn] ljBfyL{nfO{ s:tf] Jojxf/ u/]sf] kfpg'ePsf] 5 .
!@= sIff sf]7df s'g} lsl;dsf] e]befj kfpg' ePsf] 5 .

27
 s_ olb 5 eg] s] cfwf/df e]befj u/]sf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 .
v_ e]befj s:tf] u/]sf 5g .

!#= kfpg' ePsf] 5 eg] s:tf] e]befj u/]sf] kfpg'ePsf] 5 .

!$= k9fpg] lzIfsx?df s]xL sdhf]/Lx? b]Vg' ePsf] 5 <
s_ 5 eg] s] s] b]Vg' ePsf] 5 <

!%= sIffsf]7fsf] Joj:yfkgdf s]xL sdhf]/L b]Vg'ePsf] 5 .

s_ 5 eg] To:tf sdhf]/Lx? s] s] /x]sf 5g .

;xof]usf nflu wGojfb

28