CHAPTER 6

THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT AND THE KATIPUNAN

 MARTYRDOM OF GOMBURZA – it was a turning point in the history of the Philippines.
 PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT – the peaceful campaign for reforms in the Philippines in Madrid from 1872 to 1892
through the speeches and writings published and delivered by the Filipino expatriates in the cities of Spain and other
colonies.

 THE FILIPINO PROPAGANDIST:

 JOSE RIZAL : THE NOVELIST
 Most highly educated among the Filipino propagandist.
SA AKING MGA KABATA – poem written by Rizal at the age of eight (8)
TWO FAMOUS LITERARY WORKS:
1. Noli Me Tangere – chartered of Filipino nationalism
- it calls on the Filipino to regain their self-confidence, appreciate their self-worth, return to the heritage of
their ancestors, assert themselves as co-equal of the Spaniards.
2. El Felibusterismo

 GRACIANO LOPEZ-JAENA (THE ORATOR)

 He is the first editor of LA SOLIDARIDAD
 The articles and speeches he wrote manifested his expertise both in writing and oratory.
 FRAY BOTOD – his piece of literature which pictured an immoral and ignorant, big-bellied friar named
BOTOD who enriched himself by exploiting the masses.
 MARCELO H. DEL PILAR (THE JOURNALIST)
 He was a co-equal of Rizal in intellectual capacity considering that he was lawyer, journalist and a political
analyst.
 DIARONG TAGALOG – founded by Del Pilar where he published articles lambasting the Spanish
authorities and the friars and exposed all injustices committed by the colonial government.
 LA SOLIDARIDAD (Associacion La Solidaridad)
- The organ of the patriotic society established by Filipino expatriates in Barcelona.
President : Galiciano Apacible
Vice President : Graciano Lopez-Jaena
Secretary : Manuel Sta. Maria
Treasurer : Mariano Ponce
Accountant : Jose Ma. Panganiban
- Although Rizal was not an officer of Associacion La Solidaridad, he was uninanimously chosen as its honorary
president.
- FILIPINO REFORMIST USED PSEUDONYMS/ ALIAS :
o Marcelo Del Pilar - PLARIDEL
o Jose Rizal - LAON LAAN / DIMASALANG
o Mariano Ponce - KALIPULAKO/ TIGBALANG
o Antonio Luna - JOMAPA
 ASSOCIACION HISPANO-FILIPINO – to secure reforms for the Philippines.
o President DON MIGUEL MORAYTA
o Vice President GEN. FELIPE DELA CORTE
o Secretary TOMAS AREJOLA

 THREE SECTIONS:
1. POLITICAL SECTION – Marcelo Del Pilar
2. LITERARY SECTION – Mariano Ponce
3. RECREATION SECTION – Dominador Gomez
 LA LIGA FILIPINA (PHILIPPINE LEAGUE)
o MOTTO : UNUS INSTAR OMNIUM (One Like All)
o President: Ambrosio Salvador
 o Fiscal: Agustin Dela Rosa
o Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo
o Secretary: Deodato Arellano

 Three days after the LA Liga Filipina, Rizal was arrested by order of Governor-General Despujol and deported to
Dapitan on July 15, 1892, and he remained in exile in that place before the outbreak of the revolution of 1896. With
his deportation to Dapitan, the La Liga Filipina died its natural death and subsequently split into TWO
BRANCHES:
1. CUERPOS DE COMPROMISARIOS – rightist wing
2. KATIPUNAN – leftist wing
 BONIFACIO AND THE KATIPUNAN
 KKK or Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangan Katipunan ng mg Anak ng Bayan
(The Highest and Most Respectful Society of the Sons of the People)
 ANDRES BONIFACIO (November 30, 1863)
- Father of the Philippine Revolution
- MONICA – 1st wife (died of leprosy)
- GREGORIA DE JESUS – 2nd wife
- She later joined the women’s chapter of the Katipunan.
- LAKAMBINI NG KATIPUNAN
 FOUNDING OF KATIPUNAN
o KATAASTAASANG SANGGUNIAN – central leadership of Katipunan
1st SUPREMO – Deodato Arellano
2nd SUPREMO – Roman Basa
3rd SUPREMO – Andres Bonifacio
 3 FUNDAMENTALS GOALS OF KKK:
1. POLITICAL – to work for the independence of the country from Spain by force of arms.
2. MORAL – centered on the teaching of good morals, integrity, honesty, self-worth, religious fanaticism and
weakness of character.
3. CIVIC – revolve on the principle of self-help, self-reliance, and the defense of the poor and oppressed.
 RECRUITMENT AND MEMBERSHIP – new member were enlisted through the TRIANGLE METHOD.
- A recruiter would ask two members to join but the recruits themselves would
not know each other.
o WOMEN OF KATIPUNAN – during Katipunan meetings, they wore green masks and white sashes with green
borders.
- Sometimes they carried revolvers or daggers.
- Usually serves as lookouts in the outer sala while the men held the secret meetings in the
backroom.
 THREE GRADES OF MEMBERSHIP
1. FIRST GRADE – KATIPON
- They wore a black hood with a triangle formed by white ribbons and letters during Katipunan
meetings.
- ANAK NG BAYAN – PASSWORD
2. SECOND GRADE - KAWAL
- They wore a green hood and triangle consisting of white lines. Around his neck was a green
ribbon with a medal which the Malayan letter K was inscribed.
- GOMBURZA – PASSWORD

3.HIGHEST GRADE – BAYANI

- Wore a red mask and a sash with green borders during Katipunan assemblies.
- RIZAL – PASSWORD
 EMILIO JACINTO AND THE KATIPUNAN (Brain of Katipunan)
- He wrote for the katipunan newspaper called KALAYAAN
- PENNAME – DIMASILAW
 - ALIAS – PINGKIAN
- He is also the author of the KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN.
 KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN – constituted the basic teaching every Katipuneros had to live by.
- serve as the code of ethics for every member of the society
- consisted of 13 tenets, which Katipuneros were expected to imbibe and observe.
 DISCOVERY OF THE KATIPUNAN
o TEODORO PATIÑO – a worker at the Diario de Manila printing press.
- he revealed the existence of the society to his sister.
o HONORARIA – Patiños sister
- Relayed the information to Sor Teresa de Jesus
o SOR TERESA DE JESUS – mother superior of the orphanage in Mandaluyong\
- She suggested to seek the advice of Father Mariano Gil
o FR. MARIANO GIL – parish priest of Tondo

 After Patiños alleged confession to Fr. Mariano Gil, the Spanish civil guards raided the premises of Diario de
Manila on August 18, 1896 and arrested Dela Cruz, who was found in possession of a dagger used in Katipunan
initiation rites and a list of Katipunan members.
 Consequently, the printing press was closed and hundreds of suspected KKK members were arrested.