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Revision quizzes
Anne Hodgson
2 To work out which reactant should be used in the yield calculation, we need to work out which
of them is present in excess. From the equation we can see that 1 mole of 4-aminobenzoic acid reacts
with 1 mole of ethanol to give 1 mole of benzocaine. We need to calculate how many moles of each
starting material we had:
The empirical formula of 4-aminobenzoic acid is C7H7NO2, from which we can calculate its molar
mass:
We used 1.30 g of 4-aminobenzoic acid in the reaction, and so we can work out how many moles we
had:
1.30 g
= 0.0095 mol
137 g mol !!
3 –3 3
We used 10 cm of ethanol. From its density (0.79 g cm ) we know that 1 cm has a mass of 0.79 g,
3
so 10 cm will have a mass of 7.9 g.
(2 × 12) + (6 × 1) + 16 = 46 g
From this we can see that the ethanol is in excess (0.17 mol compared to 0.0095 mol of 4-
aminobenzoic acid). As the 4-aminobenzoic acid is the limiting amount, it is this quantity that we
should use in our yield calculation.
3 The theoretical yield of benzocaine that could be obtained from 1.30 g (0.0095 mol) of 4-
–1
aminobenzoic acid is 0.0095 mol (which would have a mass of 0.0095 mol × 165 g mol = 1.57 g).
The actual yield of 0.85 g contains
or
0.85 g
×100 = 𝟓𝟒. 𝟏 %
1.57 g
Note that the difference between these two percentage yields is due to rounding values to two
significant figures at earlier stages of the calculations.
From the equation we can see that 1 mole of sodium carbonate reacts with 1 mole of sulfuric acid, so
3 –3 3
40 cm of 0.5 mol dm sodium carbonate (0.02 mol) is sufficient to neutralise 1 cm of concentrated
sulfuric acid (0.0184 mol).
N N N
N N
Li N N
N N
Mg N
N
Sn
Sn
N N
N N
N N
N N
N
O
U
N
B
N O O O N
B N N
N N
Answers
Some examples of NHC complexes with s block, p block and f block elements
Remember that an NHC ligand is electronically neutral and so has no charge.
2 Ru = +2 for both
3 Cu = +1
4 Li = +1, Mg = +2, Sn = 0, B = 0, U = +3
Nitro
1
1-bromo-2-methylpropane
So there are 1.5 + 2.5 + 3.5 = 7.5 moles of gas released when 1 mole of TNT
explodes.
So there are 2.5 + 3 + 1.5 + 0.25 = 7.25 moles of gas released when 1 mole of
nitroglycerine explodes.
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