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Percent Composition
1. Calculate the percent by mass of each element in magnesium iodide (MgI2). Hint: First find the mass
of each, then find each element’s percent of the total. 24.31 g Mg
x 100%
1 mol Mg 24.31 g Mg 278.11 g Mg I2
Mass Magnesium = = 24.31 g Mg
1 mol Mg = 8.74% Magnesium
+
2 mol I 126.90 g 253.80 g I
Mass of Iodine = I = 253.80 g I x 100%
1 mol I 278.11 g Mg I2

Total Mass Mg I2 = 278.11 g = 91.26% Iodine

2. Calculate the percent by mass of each element in sodium nitrate (NaNO3). Hint: First find the mass of
each, then find each element’s percent of the total. 22.99 g Na
x 100%
1 mol Na 22.99 g Na 85.00 g NaNO3
Mass Sodium = = 22.99 g Na
1 mol Na = 27.05% Sodium
+
14.01 g N
x 100%
1 mol N 14.01 g N 85.00 g NaNO3
Mass Nitrogen = = 14.01 g N
1 mol N = 16.48% Nitrogen
+ 48.00 g O
3 mol O 16.00 g O
Mass of Oxygen = x 100%
1 mol O = 48.00 g O 85.00 g NaNO3

Total Mass NaNO3 = 85.00 g = 56.47% Oxygen

Empirical Formula
3. A compound is found to be made up of 15.77% Aluminum; 28.11% Sulfur; and 56.12% Oxygen.
Calculate the empirical formula for this compound.

100 g compound contains 15.77 g Al 28.11 g S 56.12 g O

15.77 g 1 mol 28.11 g 1 mol 56.12 g 1 mol
No. of Moles of Atoms
26.98 g 32.07 g 16.00 g
0.5845 mol 0.8765 mol = 1.5 3.5075 mol = 6
. Relative No. of Moles = 1
0.5845 mol = 2 0.5845 mol = 3 0.5845 mol = 12
Empirical Formula = Al 2S3O12 [actually Al 2(SO4)3]

4. A compound is found to be made up of 33.88% Copper; 14.94% Nitrogen; and 51.18% Oxygen.
 Calculate the empirical formula for this compound.
100 g compound contains 33.88 g Cu 14.94 g N 51.18 g O
33.88 g 1 mol 14.94 g 1 mol 51.18 g 1 mol
No. of Moles of Atoms
63.55 g 14.01 g 16.00 g
0.533 mol 1.066 mol 3.199 mol
Relative No. of Moles = 1 = 2 = 6
0.533 mol 0.533 mol 0.533 mol

Empirical Formula = CuN2O6 [actually Cu(NO3)2]

Molecular Formula
5. A compound is found to be made up of 71.9% Carbon; 12.13% Hydrogen; and 15.97% Oxygen. The
compound has a molecular weight (molar mass) of 300.54. Determine the actual chemical formula for
the compound.
100 g compound contains 71.9 g C 12.13 g H 15.97 g O
71.9 g 1 mol 12.13 g 1 mol 15.97 g 1 mol
No. of Moles of Atoms
12.01 g 1.01 g 16.00 g
5.99 mol 12.01 mol 0.998 mol
. Relative No. of Moles = 6 = 12 = 1
0.998 mol 0.998 mol 0.998 mol

Empirical Formula = C 6H12O Molar Mass of Empirical Formula = 100.18

Molecular Weight = 300.54 X Factor = 300.54 / 100.18 = 3

Molecular Formula = 3 x [C 6H12O] = C18H36O3

6. A compound with an empirical formula of CH4O has a molar mass (molecular weight) of 192 grams.
what is the molecular formula for this compound?
192 g molecular formula = 6 x [CH4O] =
molecular weight
n = = = 6
simplest weight 32.05 g C6H24O6
Hydrates
7. An analysis of a hydrate is found to contain 63.9% Copper (II) Sulfate (CuSO4); and 36.1% Water.
Calculate the simplest formula for this hydrate.
100 g compound contains 63.9 g CuS O4 36.1 g H2O
63.9 g 1 mol 36.1 g 1 mol
Number of Moles = 0.400 mole = 2.00 mole
159.62 g 18.02 g
0.400 mole 2.00 mole
. Relative No. of Moles = 1 = 5
0.400 mole 0.400 mole

Empirical Formula of the Hydrate = CuSO 4 ¥ 5 H2O