4.13.

Review: Mole Calculations

1. Calculate the moles in:
(a) 2.3 ×1025 water molecules.

1 mol
2.3 × 1025 H2 O × = 38 mol
6.02 × 1023 H2 O

(b) 7.70 ×1022 magnesium hydroxide monohydrate molecules.

1 mol
7.7 × 1022 O2 × = 0.128 mol
6.02 × 1023 O2

(c) 1.20 g of magnesium chloride.

1 molM gCl2
1.20 g × = 0.0126 mol
95.21 g

(d) 2.3 kg of iron(II) nitrate hexahydrate.

1 molF e(N O3 )2 · 6H2 O

2.3 × 103 g × = 8.0 mol
287.94 g

2. Oxygen gas is formed when potassium chlorate is decomposed by heating:

∆
2 KClO3(s) −−→ 3 O2(g) + 2 KCl(s)
(a) What mass of KClO3 must be used to get 5.00 g of oxygen gas?
1 mol O2 2 mol KClO3 122.55 g
5.00 g × × × = 12.8 g
32.00 g 3 mol O2 1 mol KClO3

(b) What is the theoretical yield of O2(s) if 5.0 g of oxygen is collected and the percent yield is
87%?
actual yield
% yield = × 100%
theoretical yield
87% 5.0 g
=
100% theoretical yield
5.0 g × 100%
theoretical yield = = 5.7 g
87%

Chemistry 11 − 4.13. Unit Review 1 © ontaonta.com Winter 2022

 3. Ascorbic acid, commonly known as vitamin C, is an essential nutrient in human diet. It stimulates
the inflammatory response and improves resistance to infection by increasing the white blood cell
activity. The symptoms of ascorbic acid deficiency, such as scurvy, have been described in sailors
who suffered from bloody gums as the result of not having vitamin C in their diet.

(a) Vitamin C is made of 40.917 % C, 4.578 % H and 54.505 % O. Determine the molecular
formula of the vitamin. The molar mass of vitamin C is 176.12g
1 mol
.

1 mol C
nC = 40.917 g × = 3.4069 mol C
12.01 g
1 mol H
nH = 4.578 g × = 4.53267 mol H
1.01 g
1 mol O
nO = 54.505 g × = 3.40656 mol O
16.00 g

C3.4069 H4.53267 O3.40656

= C1 H1.33 O1
3.40656

C1×3 H1.33×3 O1×3 = C3 H4 O3

MM 176.12 g/mol
n= = =2
EF M 88.07 g/mol

(C3 H4 O3 )2 = C6 H8 O6

(b) Calculate the moles in a 250 mg tablet of ascorbic acid.

1 mol vitamin C
0.25 g × = 0.0014 mol
176.12 g

(c) How many C atoms are in a 250 mg tablet of vitamin C.

1 mol C6 H8 O6 6 mol C 6.02 × 1023 C atoms

0.25 g × × × = 5.1 × 1021 C atoms
176.12 g 1 mol C6 H8 O6 1 mol C

Chemistry 11 − 4.13. Unit Review 2 © ontaonta.com Winter 2022

 4. 7.2 g of magnesium metal was placed in 6.2 g of dissolved silver chloride solution. The product
was filtered and 4.5 g of silver precipitate was collected.
Mg(s) + 2 AgCl(aq) 2 Ag(s) + MgCl2(aq)
(a) Determine the limiting reagent.
from Mg:
1mol M g 2 mol Ag
7.2 g × × = 0.59 mol Ag
24.31 g 1 mol M g

from AgCl:
1mol AgCl 2 mol Ag
6.2 g × × = 0.043 mol Ag
143.32 g 2 mol AgCl
Silver chloride is the limitning reagent and magnesium metal is the excess reagent.

(b) Calculate the theoretical yield.

107.87 g
0.043 mol Ag × = 4.666 g = 4.7 g
1 mol Ag

4.7 g of silver can be produced (theoretical yield).

(c) How much excess reactant is left?

mass of magnesium we have = 7.2 g

mass of magnesium we need to make 4.7 g or 0.043 moles of Ag.
1 mol M g 24.31 g
0.043 mol Ag × × = 0.52 g
2 mol Ag 1mol M g

mass of unused magnesium:

7.2 g − 0.52 g = 6.7 g

(d) What is the % yield for this reaction? Explain the % yield.
4.5 g
% Yield = × 100% = 96%
4.7 g

The high excess of magnesium metal helped to push the reaction to completion (towards
getting more product). The high % yield could be due high purity of the reactants and
careful lab procedures.

Chemistry 11 − 4.13. Unit Review 3 © ontaonta.com Winter 2022