1.

Define the term ​ethnic cleansing​:

A process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in
order to create an ethnically homogeneous region.

2. How is ​ethnic cleansing​ different than normal warfare?

Intended to remove every member of the less powerful ethnicity - not just to
defeat or subjugate them (enemy).

3. When ​boundaries were redrawn in Europe​ ​after World War II​, and what was
the effect on various ethnic groups?

They were pushed out

4. Regarding the Yugoslav refrain​ that was common during the rule of ​Josip Tito,
identify the following regarding ​YUGOSLAVIA’s…
● Six (6) Republics Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro,
Serbia (including the regions of Kosovo and Vojvodina)
and Slovenia.

● Five (5) Nationalities 1. Croats

2. Macedonians
3. Serbs
4. Slovenes
5. Montenegren

● Four (4) Languages 1. Croatian

2. Macedonian
3. Serbian
4. Sloven
● Three (3) Religions 1. Roman Catholic
2. Orthodox
3. Islam
● Two (2) Alphabets 1. Roman
2. Cyrillic

● One (1) Currency

 
5. What ​ethno-political problems​ did the country face after the ​death of Tito in the
80’s​ and ​fall of communism in the 90’s​?

They couldnt deciede bounderies.

6. Why did ​Serbs and Croats in Bosnia​ (aka ​BOSNIA-HERZOGOVINA​) ​ethnically

cleanse​ themselves of ​Bosnian Muslims​?

Ethnic cleansing of the Albanians by the Serbs. Forced and herded to leave village and
escape to Albania.

7. What was ​agreed upon​ at the ​accords ​signed between these rival ethnicities in
Dayton, Ohio in 1996​?

divided Bosnia and Herzegovina into Bosnian Croats, Muslim, Serbs

8. Who got the ​best deal​? the ​worst deal​? ​Explain​.

Serbs got the best deal while Muslims got the worst deal. The Serbs got ½ of the
country while Muslims got ¼

9. Regarding the region of ​KOSOVO​:

a. What e​ thnic group​ lives in Ethnic Albanians (90%)
Kosovo (and %)?

b. With the ​breakup of Ethnic cleansing of the Albanians by the Serbs.

Yugoslavia​, what began
to happen in Kosovo
(describe the f​ our steps)​ ?
Forced and herded to leave village and escape to
Albania.
After objections and bombings by US and NATO,
Serbia withdrew and Kosovo declared its
independence from Serbia in 2008.

c. Who ​controls​ K
​ osovo The Serbs
today​?

10. What is the meaning of the following terms:

Describes a small geographic area that could not successfully be
• balkanized:​ organized into one of more stable states because it was
inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long standing
antagonisms toward each other

Process by which a state breaks down due to conflicts among its

 • balkanization:​ ethnicities- as a threat to peace throughout the world, not just in
a small area

11. If ​peace comes to the Balkan Peninsula​ in the next few years, why will it be ​“in a
tragic way,”​ according to the author of the textbook?
They would no agre on anything and peace would hve to take a miracle.

12. Define ​Genocide​:

the mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from
existence

13. Make notes​ on major issues in each of these ​ethnic conflicts.

ETHIOPIA ● captured by Italy in the 1930s
& ERITREA ● regained its independence and was rewarded with eritrea
● 30 year fight after Eritrea rebelled.
SUDAN fighting resumed as South Sudan and Sudan could not agree on
bounderies between the two countries.

SOMALIA declared independent states of Somalia in the north, Puntland in the

northeast, Galmudug in the center, and Southwestern Somalia in the
South.
Central Africa
14. Describe each ​ethnic group​ below.
● Hutus​:
Hutus murdered thousands of Tutsis. The Genocide began after an
airplane carrying the presidents of Rwanda and Burundi- both Hutus-
was shot down by a surface-to-air missile.

● Tutsis​: they were successful in overthrowing the Congo's longtime president,

Joseph Mobutu, in 1997

15. Regarding RWANDA…

a. How did the
genocide begin​? Hutus gained power and ethnic cleansing and genocide
against Tutsis.
 b. Which group holds Tutsis invaded back in 1990 and they shared power.
the​ majority
population​ within
the country?
c. Summarize the
events​ leading up to 1. Hutus gained power and ethnic cleansing and genocide
and after the against Tutsis.
genocide. 2. Tutsis invaded back in 1990 and they shared power.
3. Hutus then launched genocide against Tutsis again.
4. Tutsis gained control over country and ethnic cleansing
against Hutus.

16. Regarding CONGO…

a. How many 5 million.
people have
died​ as a result
of ​civil wars​?

b. Summarize the Mobutu had amassed a several billion dollar personal fortune from
events​ leading the sale of minerals while impoverishing the rest of the country.
up to and after
the genocide.

17. In what ways did ​European colonization​ contribute to ​ethnic conflict​ ​in Africa​?

300 years of the transatlantic slave trade, which exported more than 12 million Africans from
Africa to the Americas.