GC WORLD
GROUP 4: Gurtiza; Nozawa; Requiero; Wansi
The ‘Southernization’ of development?
By: Emma Mawdsley
OBJECTIVES:
 To determine global “north” and “south”
and their roles on global development
 To learn abouth the role of the “north”
in the ‘southernization’ project
 To explore on the aspects of ‘north’ to
‘south’ movement
BRADT LINE
- Developed in the 1980s to show the
relative divide of wealth among
countries.
- Over time, it was viewed as too
simplistic
- Divided the nations as North and South
GLOBAL NORTH
- Composed of richer countries generally
found in the northern hemisphere
GLOBAL SOUTH
- Relatively poorer countries found in the
southern hemisphere
RATIONALE OF THE REPRT:
- Elaborated on how the first world
countries (North) help alleviate
developing countries to be self-
suffecient (South countries)
- Done through donors, aids and/or
similar means with inclusive norms and
conditions.
THREE ASPECTS OF NORTH TO SOUTH
MOVEMENT
- Aimed to find narratives and answers on
problems
- To recommend paradigms relating to
development
A) The stronger and more explicit claim to
“win-win” development ethics and
outcomes
B) The return from “poverty reduction” to
“economic growth” as the central
analytic of development
C) Related to both 1 and 2, the explicit and
deepening blurring, and blending of
development finances and agendas with
trade and investment.
NORTHERN ACTORS
- Think tanks, philanthropic orgs and
states, civil society orgs
- Ideologies, norms etc. said to have
authored and dominated global
development as per history
 Focused on ways in which
“Northern” donors have moved
further “South”
 Northern countries discovered
their brighter opportunities and
shared it to the south.
EXAMPLE: MDG (Millenium Development
Goals) 2000-2015 and other associated reforms
(NORTHERN) DONOR EMPHASIS
- Institutions
- Social programs
- Technologies
(SOUTHERN) NON_INTERFERANCE
- Material Infastructures
Early Expectations
1970s – High point of activity and analysis
- Launch of Buenos Aires Plan of Action
for Promoting and implementing
Technical Cooperattion among
Developing Countries
1980s-90s – South-South was increasingly
neglected
2000s- ‘Traditional centres’ of global
development became more aware of Southern
development partners.
CHINA AND ‘CHINA-AFRICA’
GC WORLD
GROUP 4: Gurtiza; Nozawa; Requiero; Wansi

- Emerging power(china) Economic Growth Strategies

- Much of the tone of appeared to indicate
that these partnerships were ECONOMIC GROWTH
transgressive of dominant norms - Appears to be an almost unquestionable
- Resulted in a distorted analysis synonym and metric for mainstream
global development.
 Southern development partnerships were  Deologica Preferences for the respective
misunderstood role of states, markets, institutions have
 Emerging powers are desired to be changed over the decades
‘socialized’ as they challenge global - Foundational pillar has not been shaken
norms while having a share of the - As the ‘central analytic’ of development
world’s poor.
 “teach” new donors how to do STATE LED MODERNIZATION
“development properly and in a - Aimed to transform economies, societies
sustainable basis” and subjectivities primarily by
mobilising invesment in ‘modern’
Discursive Framing sectors and major infastructures
-Comparison of the dominant narrative NEOLIBERAL DEVELOPMENT
differences between Northern foreign - Aimed to stimulate growth primarily
aid and Southern development through deregulation, marketization,
assistance trade and fostering of individualized
NORTH subjectivities and opportunities.
- Discursively constructed  Both were said to benefit the wider
- Sympathetically-motivated transfer population
- Based on Western knowledge and
expertise 1990s-early 2000s- the consensus that emerged
SOUTH around the idea that aid and development policy
- Discursively constructed should first be directly aimed at poverty
- Empathetically motivated act of reduction
solidarity
- Based on share identities and experience
based knowledge  The North has Southernized over the last
decade.
GIFT THEORY  A trend widely recognised by
- Reveals the virtue of the model commentators and scholars is the return
- Derived from the insistence on to economic growth as the dominant
reciprocal benefit development agenda within the
Win-Win Benefit traditional development community
- Mutual benefit
SOUTHERNIZATION DEVELOPMENT
NORTHERN NARRATIVE - Changing economic perscriptions and
- Giving aid as, “doing good” tools that are being mobilised in support
- Acknowledged that it is done with the of its growth
intention of self-interest BUT the world was changing – Southern powers
- Change in the balance of narrative driving emerging markets and “road building”
thread
GC WORLD
GROUP 4: Gurtiza; Nozawa; Requiero; Wansi

Explicit Blurring and Blending of - In an increasingly polycentric

Development Finances and Agendas with development landscape, complex trends
Trade ad Investment are evident across actors.
- North to South direction
- Intersects the two above.
- Amplifying notion – SOUTHERNIZATION
- foreign aid -> support national interest - Poverty reduction-driven package of the
- growing emphasis on private sector & North to the South for progree, self-
infastructure-led economic growth sustainability, changing economic and
strategies potential landscape

These are discursively threaded through an

increasingly explicit blurring and blending of
finances

ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-

OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT-
DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
COMMITTEE(OECD-DAC)
- created in the 1960
- sought to purify foreign aid and
development along with the UN-led
poverty reduction agenda
- rationale was to prevent or limit member
states from using aid as an export credit,
and thus distort competition with other
members.
- Over the last 5 years -> turned to the
concept and instruments of
‘Development finance’
- DEVELOPMENT FINANCE
- centers on the attempt to broaden the
definition and legitimate use of ODA
OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT
ASSISTANCE (ODA)
- repurposed to directly serve trade and
investment
- sought by the OECD-DAC

 this direction(north to south) could be

inspired by tha characteristic approaches
of many southern states and
development finance

CONCLUSIONS